CORDIS Archive
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Description of a data field Common European Research Information Format An information language using artificial terms (codes or notations). Most classifications have a clear hierarchical structure with hierarchical relations between the notations. It generally consists of classes representing a collection of "subjects" with a common characteristic. A subclass is a part of a class determined by a supplementary characteristic. In a codification system classes and subclasses are represented by codes, by which each code should be unique and composed of signs (letters and/or numbers).A code should be independent of the meaning -the description of the associated class- but might refer to the structure of the classification scheme. Classifications offer excellent possibilities for navigation : starting from one subject finding related subjects. Constraint Logic conditions that a value under an attribute in an entity must satisfy. Conditions are for instance : A fixed list of terms that gives all the values that are allowed in a given field of a record. In the list, semantic relations between the terms may or may not be indicated. Controlled vocabulary A fixed list of terms - descriptors or notations- meant for subject indexing. Between the terms, semantic relations such as synonymy, hierarchy and other relations are indicated. For the two types of controlled vocabularies, see under Classification and Thesaurus. Classification of Products by Activity. CRE Conférence des Recteurs Européens CREST Comité de la REcherche Scientifique et Technique (Scientific and Technical Research Committee), advising the European Commission and the Research Council. Current Research Information Systems Data Mining is the non-trivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data. Data Mining covers variety of techniques to identify nuggets of information or decision-making knowledge in bodies of data, and extracting these in such a way that they can be put to use in the areas such as decision support, prediction, forecasting and estimation. The data is often voluminous, but as it stands of low value as no direct use can be made of it; it is the hidden information in the data that is useful. Data Model A term used in a variety of situations in connection with data storage at either logical or physical level but usually the former. It normally implies a formally defined structure within which the data can be represented. Dublin Core Dewey Decimal Classification Descriptor Represents a concept and may contain more than a single word. Each descriptor is also a term or a set of terms, but not every term is a descriptor. See ISO 5964 (Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri) Project "Development of a European Service for Information on Research and Education". DTD Document Type Definition DUBLIN CORE A metadata format defined on the basis of international agreement that has defined a minimal information resource description generally for use in a WWW environment. Refers to the collection of attributes. A collection is for instance "Projects", while the attributes are the description of the individual data fields, e.g. Project Status.
EUR Euro EUREC Confederation of European Union Rectors' Conferences, the former Liaison Committee of European Rectors' Conferences. EuroCRIS Platform for Current Research Information Systems in Europe. EUROSTAT European Office for Statistics A separate component information unit in the records which comprise a database. Free terms See keywords HyperText Markup Language Hyper Text Transport Protocol describing the mechanisms used when communicating hosts handle hypertext documents. This protocol forms the base of the WWW. Hyperlink A highlighted, underlined phrase or word on a web page that can be clicked to go to another part of the page or even to another web page. "Indexing" is a documentation language system allowing representation of the contents of documents or information entities with the aim to find the pertinent documents or information, in response to questions based on the contents. Indexing languages allow to represent the contents of documents in an analytical way (specifically), in a synthetic way (broader/narrower context).Based on the level of normalisation of their terminology, two principal types of indexing languages can be distinguished : free language (keywords or free terms; mostly derived from the text of the documents, and controlled vocabularies. The latter can be divided in thesauri and classifications (see there).ISO 5964 defines an indexing languages as "a controlled set of terms selected from the natural language and used to represent, in a summary form, the subject of documents". INIS International Nuclear Information System Internet The Internet is a world wide computer network through which you can send a letter, chat to people electronically or search for information on almost any subject you care to think of. Quite simply it is a "network of computer networks". It originated in the 1960's in the USA where the US defense was conscious of having its computer network destroyed by blowing up the central computer. A network was designed around the principle of "unreliable computers" - if one was destroyed or failed the remaining computers could still function. Each computer in the network acknowledges the existence of all of the others. IPC International Patent Classification IR Information Retrieval Innovation Relay Centre Information Resource Dictionary System (ISO/IEC 10027:1990) ISCED International Standard Classification of Education ISCO International Standard Classification of Occupations
Keywords or "free terms" are access points for searching documents on content taken from the text (or part of it) of the documents themselves. All terms of the documents can become access points or a selection. Computer systems used by businesses that are almost impossible to replace. These can be PC based systems. Link A connection or cross-reference to another document. Clicking on it will take you to the document referenced by the link. Library of Congress Classification Lookup entity Data field for which a value should be selected from a controlled value list (see also "Typologies"). Or META-INFORMATION: structured information about other information. MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a standard by messages that contain pictures, videos or sounds can be exchanged. Multi-source search When more than one database of information can be searched simultaneously. Nomenclature pour l'Analyse et la comparaison des Budgets et des programmes Scientifiques. Nomenclature statistique des Activités Economiques de la Communauté Européenne (EU Classification of economic activity area). Open Data Base Connectivity - an interface used by windows application programs to gain access to databases. OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (=OCDE: Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economique ). A Pointer contains the location or address of some information required. Relational Database Management System Resource Description Framework Resource Distinct collection of information made available (e.g. across the network). Resource description A full description of a resource, including its name, and details of the information held in the resource. RIS Research Information Systems. See CRIS as well. RTD Research, Technology and Development A program consisting of a series of instructions. Scripts are often run when an application program is started. They are written in a specific programming language. SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language SIGLE System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe SME Small and Medium Enterprises SPINES Science and Technology Policy Information Exchange System (UNESCO) ISBN-92-3-202257-5 SQL Structured Query Language - a standard for managing, retrieving, changing & deleting records from relational databases. Subject indexing The process of providing access points - taken from a controlled vocabulary- based on the content matter of documents. Is a mono- or multi-lingual terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents into a more constrained "system language". It is a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generally related terms which covers specific or general domains of knowledge. The most important function of a thesaurus is to serve as a tool in information retrieval. Descriptors chosen from the thesaurus must give clear indications of the information and data content of a document. To do this their meaning is well defined and unambiguous. Semantic definitions must be provided in the thesaurus by means of the structure which is given to the terminology and which is based on the interrelationships between terms (like broader term, narrower term, use). Type Data type. For instance date, char(32). Typologies Universal Decimal Classification UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNIMARC Specific implementation of the ISO standard 2709-1981, which is an international standard related to the structure of records containing bibliographic data 2nd. Ed. München, Sau, 1994 (with updates in 1996 and 1998). UNISIST World information system for science and technology; from UNESCO. URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator Or W3C: Organisation currently responsible for the development of WWW protocols. WWW The World Wide Web: the name given to represent a combination of the technology being used to present data (the hypertext/hypermedia part of the Internet on which an increasing number of resources are being posted) and the information network used (the Internet) to transmit the data. The WWW is the single fastest growing aspect of the Internet. eXtensible Mark-up Language |
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