Objectif Biomass with relatively high lipid and protein content can be converted, in high yields at moderate temperature (250 to 380 C), to oil which is similar in composition to petroleum. Especially suitable for this low temperature conversion is biomass of microbial origin (eg sewage sludge from biological waste water treatment and algae). 60% of the organic carbon is converted into oil and approximately 30% to coal. Net energy return therefore is very high. The oil produced can be used without further purification as diesel or heating fuel.THE LOW TEMPERATURE CONVERSION PROCESS IS A FEASIBLE ROUTE TO GENERATE OIL FROM ALGAE. EXPERIMENTS WITH DIFFERENT ALGAE SPECIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT 20% YIELDS OF OIL CAN BE OBTAINED. THE OIL HAS THE QUALITY OF DIESEL FUEL, AND CAN BE USED FOR THIS. BESIDES OIL COAL IS PRODUCED, WHICH IS SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE THE NECESSARY ENERGY FOR DRYING OF THE BIOMASS AND THE PROCESS ENERGY. THE NET ENERGY RETURN OF THE LOW TEMPERATURE CONVERSION PROCESS IS BETTER THAN 65%. THEREFORE THIS PROCESS SEEMS TO BE SUPERIOR TO OTHER PROPOSALS TO GENERATE ENERGY FROM BIOMASS. ANAEROBIC OR AEROBIC DIGESTION ONLY SHOWS ENERGY RETURNS OF 10-25%, INCLUDING ALCOHOL FERMENTATION. PYROLYSIS ONLY DELIVERS ENERGY RETURN OF 30%. THE COMPOSITION OF THE OILS OBTAINED SHOW THAT THEY CONTAIN SUBSTANCES, VALUABLE AS RAW MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, LIKE OLEFINS AND ALICYCLIC HYDROCARBONS. ADVANTAGES OF GENERATING OIL FROM BIOMASS IN COMPARISON TO METHANE PRODUCTION BY MICROBIAL DIGESTION OR PYROLYSIS IS THE EASY STORAGE OF THE LIQUID FUEL. FOR THE CONVERSION DIFFERENT OVENS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND USED. ESPECIALLY SUITABLE ARE FLUIDIZED BED AND ROTATORY FURNACES. Champ scientifique engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsliquid fuelsengineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringwater treatment processeswastewater treatment processesnatural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiologyphycologyengineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsfossil energycoalnatural scienceschemical sciencesorganic chemistryhydrocarbons Programme(s) FP1-ENNONUC 3C - Research and development programme (EEC) in the field of Non-Nuclear Energy, 1985-1988 Thème(s) Data not available Appel à propositions Data not available Régime de financement CSC - Cost-sharing contracts Coordinateur THE UNIVERSITY OF TUEBINGEN Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse Wilhelmstrasse 5 72074 TUEBINGEN Allemagne Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée Participants (3) Trier par ordre alphabétique Trier par contribution de l’UE Tout développer Tout réduire Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Italie Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse 501 Firenze Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH) Allemagne Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse AACHEN Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Royaume-Uni Contribution de l’UE Aucune donnée Adresse London Voir sur la carte Coût total Aucune donnée
