Obiettivo The overall aim is to develop suitable genetic tags by means of which wild and reared (native or exotic) Atlantic salmon, and their offspring, may be identified. This will make possible studies of the impact of deliberate and accidental introductions of reared salmon on native gene pools. The aim of this 2 year study was to develop novel high resolution genetic markers to enable the discrimination of wild populations and reared stocks of Salmo salar L (Atlantic salmon), particularly in situations where interactions occur, such as a farm escape incidents or stocking exercises. 4 research groups were involved and each concentrated on a different technique (ie enzyme electrophoresis, cytogenetics, minisatellite nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genetic fingerprinting analysis and mitochondrial DNA analysis. At first, all 4 groups worked on independently obtained salmon samples from throughout the species range, but then all groups investigated the same index specimens. These originated from 4 agreed locations, thought to be typical of those stocks most likely to be involved in interactions. Consideration of the same individual fish by all 4 groups allowed direct comparison of the relative merits of the various techniques. Despite a considerable increase in the number of loci studied, compared with previous investigations, and the inclusion of the highly variable minisatellite DNA loci, no absolute population markers were detected. Thus, it seems that allele frequency differences will have to be used to distinguish between stocks in most situations, unless deliberate manipulation of frequencies (genetic marking) by broodstock selection is undertaken. When the degree of mean genetic difference between the index populations, generated independently by the 4 techniques was compared, it was apparent that, in general, nuclear DNA analysis was more discriminatory than enzyme electrophoresis, mtDNA analysis or chromosome C-banding. However, when single locus genetic distance was considered, it became apparent that the discriminatory power of the different loci was situation-specific. In conclusion, it should be emphasised that a substantially larger number of enzyme, cytogenetic and minisatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers are now available in S salar as a direct result of this study. These markers will enable much more detailed investigations of the genetic consequences of interactions between wild and reared Atlantic salmon.The achievement of this aim will require novel high resolution genetic markers. Searches for such markers will be conducted by the following 4 complementary approaches. University College, Cork will seek to determine if additional genetic protein markers for Atlantic salmon can be detected. The University of Oviedo will search for markers at the chromosomal level using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stains and gene probes. Queen's University will seek markers at loci coding for hypervariable nuclear DNA through the development of locus specific probes. The Marine Laboratory will apply DNA amplification and sequencing techniques to the resolution of genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA. Genetic markers will only be applicable to genetic interaction studies if they can be screened in substantial population samples and in nondestructive biopsy samples. To this end a further aim will be to achieve technological improvements whereby routine population screening may be facilitated. Campo scientifico natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsDNAsocial sciencessociologysocial issuessocial inequalitiesnatural scienceschemical scienceselectrochemistryelectrophoresisnatural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticschromosomesnatural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteinsenzymes Programma(i) FP2-FAR - Community research and coordination programmes (EEC) in the fisheries sector, 1988-1992 Argomento(i) Data not available Invito a presentare proposte Data not available Meccanismo di finanziamento Data not available Coordinatore University College Cork Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Lee Maltings, Prospect Row Cork Irlanda Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato Partecipanti (2) Classifica in ordine alfabetico Classifica per Contributo UE Espandi tutto Riduci tutto Scottish Office Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department Regno Unito Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Victoria Road AB11 9DB Aberdeen Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato UNIV OVIEDO-DEPT BIOLOGIA Spagna Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Oviedo Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato
