Objective Evolution of venom, nature’s most complex cocktail, has underpinned the predatory success of venomous animals. Till date, research on venom has mainly focused on how genes encoding them evolve, and our knowledge regarding the evolutionary origin of venom-secreting cells (VSCs) and their secretions, has been limited. Understanding how venom and VSCs evolve in cnidarians - one of the simplest and probably the first venomous animals, such as sea anemones is not only fascinating as it sheds light on the evolution of their ancient venom-system, but may also be instrumental in the development of efficient nematocyte (stinging-cells) based drug-delivery tools. Identifying variation in venom-composition and sites of expression across various developmental stages and between the sexes (gender-specific expression) is also an understudied topic. The former is particularly intriguing in sea anemones, as their larval stages do not feed and yet synthesize toxins. Hence, in this project I propose to: trace the evolutionary origin of known VSCs (nematocytes and gland cells) in the starlet anemone, Nematostella vectensis, by constructing transgenic reporter lines; characterize venom-secretomes of VSCs using Fluorescence Assisted Cell Sorting (FACS) to determine the contribution of each VSC towards the venom arsenal; examine variation in venom-profiles and expression sites across the developmental stages and between the sexes using ‘omics’ technologies, in situ hybridization and immunostaining; test the biochemical activities (pharmacological assays) of the major and novel toxins identified; and examine the phylogenetic histories and the molecular evolutionary regimes of the major sea anemone toxins to understand the recruitment of genes into the envenoming function in one of the first venomous animals. Fields of science natural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteinsnatural sciencesbiological sciencesevolutionary biologynatural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsgenomesnatural sciencesbiological sciencesmolecular biologymolecular evolutionnatural sciencesbiological scienceszoologyinvertebrate zoology Programme(s) H2020-EU.1.3. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Main Programme H2020-EU.1.3.2. - Nurturing excellence by means of cross-border and cross-sector mobility Topic(s) MSCA-IF-2014-EF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF-EF) Call for proposal H2020-MSCA-IF-2014 See other projects for this call Funding Scheme MSCA-IF-EF-ST - Standard EF Coordinator THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM Net EU contribution € 182 509,20 Address EDMOND J SAFRA CAMPUS GIVAT RAM 91904 Jerusalem Israel See on map Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Participation in EU R&I programmes Opens in new window HORIZON collaboration network Opens in new window Total cost € 182 509,20
