Cel - To contribute to the development of low-cost eco-biotechnological methods for the treatment and re-use of domestic waste waters in Mediterranean countries.Expected Outcome- Assessment of the most efficient hydrolysis/pretreatment step for the degradation of suspended solids in raw sewage;- Development of most appropriate reactor configuration for the anaerobic treatment of domestic waste water under local conditions;- Research on the most appropriate post-treatment process to remove or recover the remaining pollutants and decimate the number of pathogenic bacteria;- Assessment of the re-use potential of treated waste water for irrigation under local environmental conditions with special emphasis on water quality and health aspects.ResultsNetherlands- The first stage of a two-stage anaerobic up-flow system (UASB type) is very effective in entrapping the incoming suspended solids. The effluent of the first stage is almost free of suspended solids. The reactor system is fed with Dutch sewage thickened with primary sludge to simulate concentrated on-site sewage (total COD 2000 mg/l). The calculated hydrolysis constants of the entrapped sludge are rather low. Further work is focused on the improvement of the hydrolysis rate.Spain- Two-stage UASB system (4.5 + 3 m3) was started up at the end of 1995 (winter conditions). Reactors are fed with sewage pumped from the university sewage collector. COD removal rates increased with the increase in temperature. Under summer conditions almost all COD removal occurred in the first stage. Removal rates were high (80 %). Mean COD values of the sewage are among 400-500 mg/l.Egypt- Reactor studies are performed on the premises of NRC. COD concentrations vary among 350 and 1250 mg/l. Studies on one-stage and two-stage UASB reactors show promising results. Small scale reactors have difficulties in operation. Larger research reactors are under construction. The one stage UASB reactor shows COD total removal efficiencies up to 75 %.Jordan- A two stage research reactor (UASB type) is constructed at the side of Al Samra waste stabilisation ponds near Amman. COD concentrations' range among 850 and 1250 mg/l. The reactor is currently under start-up conditions. The biodegradability of the sewage was assessed in standardised laboratory tests. Results show values up to 80 %. Various sludge types from the pond system were tested on its specific methanogenic activity. The tests show that sludge from the anaerobic ponds at 4 m depth serves as an appropriate inoculum for the bio-reactor.Palestinian Authorities- Preliminary results show that anaerobic conversion of olive mill effluents needs a sufficiently long adaptation period. Cow dung may serve as inoculum but more adapted seed material is preferred. Enhancement of methanogenesis is further studied.Anaerobic research reactors are installed in the Netherlands, Spain, Egypt and Jordan. Emphasis is put on the proper start-up procedure in dependence to the local climate conditions (Egypt / Jordan). The EU partners work with thickened sewage (Netherlands) and/or higher operational temperatures (Spain).- Anaerobic pre-treatment of raw domestic sewage (The Netherlands/Spain)- Experiments will be performed to asses the hydrolysis rate of the suspended solids under various conditions in a Hydrolysis-UASB reactor under low temperature conditions;- Mathematical interpretation in order to predict the performance of the hydrolysis reactor at various temperatures and for domestic waste water with a different composition and concentrations, all in order to make proper designs for these reactor systems.- Anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage in the Mediterranean - Middle East region (Egypt / Jordan / West Banks) - The work in Hebron (Westbank) is focused on the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of olive mill effluents. Factors studied include :- Concentration of pollutants;- Temperature of the sewage and ambient temperature;- State of degradation of the pollutants;- Characteristics of the (in)organic suspended solids;- Concentration of sulphate;- Presence of pathogenic bacteria, parasites and viruses;- Fluctuations in the above mentioned parameters (seasonal, daily).- Adaptation to Mediterranean region :- Temperature fluctuations (winter : 12-15ºC, summer : 24-28ºC);- High concentration of organic pollutants (for instance 3-4 times higher than in the sewer of the city of Cali, Colombia, where anaerobic treatment already is applied);- High concentration of suspended solids, particularly for community-in-site treatment of domestic waste water;- High concentration of pathogenic bacteria, parasites and viruses.- Research on most appropriate post-treatment methods (Jordan).- Post treatment systems will also be studied in Egypt. Research on post-treatment pond system will be performed in Jordan.- A low-cost (in construction, operation and maintenance) micro-aerophilic, aerobic concept, i.e. pond-systems. The pond systems serve for removing pathogens, remaining organic pollutants, suspended solids and if required, nutrients. If pond systems are applied for merely post-treatment the required area is relatively small;- Effective pre-treatment by means of low cost anaerobic treatment technology will reduce the required size of the pond systems considerably, leading to huge savings in water;- Various sand filtration techniques will be studied for its effectiveness to remove colloidal matter and pathogenic organisms from the effluent (Egypt).- Feasibility studies for re-use of purified waste water (Jordan (Egypt))- Studying the quality of the effluent in terms of type and amount of pathogens or indicators of the microbiological contamination. Also, the study will cover the chemical characterisation of the effluent that include trace inorganics, phenol, detergents, and synthetic organics. Accumulation of toxins and heavy metals in the soil as well as fruits may limit the reuse of wastewater. Program(-y) IC-AVICENNE - Avicenne Initiative (Science and technology cooperation with the Maghreb and the countries of the Mediterranean Basin), 1991- Temat(-y) Data not available Zaproszenie do składania wniosków Data not available System finansowania CSC - Cost-sharing contracts Koordynator Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen Wkład UE Brak danych Adres 2,Bomenweg 6703 HD Wageningen Niderlandy Zobacz na mapie Koszt całkowity Brak danych Uczestnicy (4) Sortuj alfabetycznie Sortuj według wkładu UE Rozwiń wszystko Zwiń wszystko Hebron University Izrael Wkład UE Brak danych Adres Hebron - Westbank Zobacz na mapie Koszt całkowity Brak danych NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE Egipt Wkład UE Brak danych Adres Tahreer Street 12622 CAIRO Zobacz na mapie Koszt całkowity Brak danych UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN Jordania Wkład UE Brak danych Adres Salt Road AMMAN Zobacz na mapie Koszt całkowity Brak danych Universidad de Valladolid Hiszpania Wkład UE Brak danych Adres Doctor Margelina 47001 Valladolid Zobacz na mapie Koszt całkowity Brak danych
