Objective
- To establish the die-off time-temperature combinations for helminth eggs found in wastewater;
- To investigate the feasibility of trapping the free energy from the sun to produce the required critical time-temperature combinations in wastewater;
- To investigate the influence of other factors that, at above "normal" but below critical temperatures, in combination with enhanced temperature, may assist in producing the required bacterial die-off in this range (40-50°C).
Expected Outcome
- Elaboration of a cost-effective method to improve wastewater (eradication of helminth eggs, faecal indicator bacteria to WHO health guidelines) using the energy of the sun and other factors;
- Establishment of the long term effectiveness by field tests of the treated wastewater.
Results so far
- Experimental wastewater ponds have been established in Jordan and Portugal. In Jordan, the trials have been performed on ponds taking water from facultative and maturation ponds working under a batch process. The wastewater has been heated by the sun through plastic sheeting floated on the surface. Results from the summer period show that it is possible to reach over 50°C. Over a period of days the temperature of the ponds increased and die-off of faecal indicator bacteria was encouraging. The Jordanian tests have continued through the winter.
- In 1997 the tests will be repeated to test the effectiveness of the method when the ponds are used in a continuous flow mode (the more usual situation). In Portugal the test ponds use effluent from modern treatment works containing a higher percentage volume of industrial wastewater. It is expected that the continuous flow treatment process, whether traditional or modern treatment, will not meet the WHO standards for unrestricted irrigation use. However, the solar heating of the wastewater should provide some acceleration to the process of bacterial die-off and helminth destruction at low cost which can enable some use of the effluent for irrigation in water scarce countries, especially in rural communities.
- A desk study of the heating process and ways to maximise the energy of the sun is being carried out in the UK.
- To establish experimental ponds in Portugal and Tunisia; to determine the most appropriate and cost effective method at trapping the heat from the sun in order to kill faecal coliforms;
- In Jordan, to determine the most appropriate method of isolating helminth eggs from wastewater without harming them. In the laboratory, to establish the critical die-off time-temperature combinations;
- To test the effectiveness of the treatment technique in Jordan, Tunisia and Portugal by :
- monitoring faecal coliform numbers and viable helminth eggs in the effluent from the trial ponds;
- investigating beneficial influence of other factors;
- monitoring long term viability of the helminth eggs in the soil by the application of treated wastewater to selected crops in trial beds and periodically taking soil samples.
- To identify any practical constraints to the use of the technique on a larger scale;
- Workshop for participating partners on "Pathogen assessment for wastewater reuse" to be held in Jordan in late March 1997. This will include training on helminth identification and viability testing.
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Coordinator
OX10 8BA Wallingford
United Kingdom
The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.