Objective Two key variables, temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2), define the sensitivity of the Earth’s climate system. The geological record provides our only evidence of the past climate sensitivity of the Earth system, but there is no direct quantitative measure of pCO2 or temperature beyond the 650 kyr extent of the Antarctic ice cores. The reconstruction of past climate, on timescales of millions of years, relies on the analysis of chemical or isotopic proxies in preserved shells or organic matter. Such indirect approaches depend upon empirical calibration in modern species, without understanding the biological mechanisms that underpin the incorporation of the climate signal. The intention of this ERC grant proposal is to establish a research team to investigate the “living geological record” to address this major gap in climate research. I hypothesise that direct climate signals of the past are harboured within, and can ultimately be deciphered from, the genetic make up of extant organisms. Specifically, I propose an innovative approach to the constraint of the evolution of atmospheric pCO2 during the Cenozoic. The approach is based on the statistical signal of positive selection of adaptation within the genetic sequences of marine algal Rubisco, the notoriously inefficient enzyme responsible for photosynthetic carbon fixation, but supplemented by analysis of allied carbon concentrating mechanisms. As a calibration, I will characterise the biochemical properties of Rubisco in terms of specificity for pCO2, isotopic fractionation and kinetics, from a range of marine phytoplankton. The prime motivation is a history of pCO2, but the project will yield additional insight into the feedback between phytoplankton and climate, the carbon isotopic signatures of the geological record and the mechanistic link between genetic encoding and specific Fields of science humanitieshistory and archaeologyhistorynatural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteinsenzymes Keywords atmospheric carbon dioxide climate sensitivity genetics marine phytoplankton photosynthesis Programme(s) FP7-IDEAS-ERC - Specific programme: "Ideas" implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007 to 2013) Topic(s) ERC-SG-PE8 - ERC Starting Grant - Products and process engineering Call for proposal ERC-2007-StG See other projects for this call Funding Scheme ERC-SG - ERC Starting Grant Host institution THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD EU contribution € 1 652 907,00 Address WELLINGTON SQUARE UNIVERSITY OFFICES OX1 2JD Oxford United Kingdom See on map Region South East (England) Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Oxfordshire Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Administrative Contact Gill Wells (Ms.) Principal investigator Rosalind Rickaby (Dr.) Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Total cost No data Beneficiaries (1) Sort alphabetically Sort by EU Contribution Expand all Collapse all THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD United Kingdom EU contribution € 1 652 907,00 Address WELLINGTON SQUARE UNIVERSITY OFFICES OX1 2JD Oxford See on map Region South East (England) Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Oxfordshire Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Administrative Contact Gill Wells (Ms.) Principal investigator Rosalind Rickaby (Dr.) Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Total cost No data