Exploitable results Exploitable results – Assessment of effects of extreme dense water formation events on the export of chemical elements from the coastal zone to the deep environments Result descriptionThe relevance of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) fluxes to the deep sea and the role of deep continental margins and basins as their ultimate sink is assessed.The presence of PFASs in particles sinking to the deep northwestern Mediterranean Sea confirms the role of the latter as ballast for the transfer of pollutants to the deep sea. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesSanchez-Vidal et al. 2015. Delivery of unprecedented amounts of perfluoroalkyl substances towards the deep-sea. Science of The Total Environment Volume 526, 1 September 2015, Pages 41–48 . Link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969715300140 Durrieu de Madron et al. 2013. Interaction of dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection in the northwestern Mediterranean during winter 2012. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40: 1379–1385, doi:10.1002/grl.50331. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/703.pdf Exploitable results – Citizen Science: PERSEUS & Sailing "Eco-campaign" Result descriptionThis campaign encourages people sailing in the Mediterranean to adopt an eco-friendly approach during their sailing experience. It has been developed a leaflet of 5 eco-friendly tips for sustainable sailing which is being disseminated in chartered sailboats across the Mediterranean. Result type* services/tools Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/site/content.php?locale=1&locale_j=en&sel=1146 References Exploitable results – Recommendations for advancing the assessment and management of non-indigenous species (NIS) in marine ecosystems. Result descriptionGuidance for the application of NIS related management in the MSFD. Ten recommendation, including NIS identification, standardization of sampling data, indicators, propagule pressure and management issues are considered. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesOjaveer, H. et al., 2014. Ten recommendations for advancing the assessment and management of non-indigenous species in marine ecosystems, Marine Policy 44: 160-165; link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/PERSEUS%20Publications/3398.pdf Exploitable results – Regulation on the Aristeus antennatus fishery in Catalonia (published on the Official Spanish Gazzete) Result descriptionA pilot regulation on the Aristeus antennatus fishery in Catalonia to ban trawling during periods that coincide with the presence of juveniles on the fishing grounds, and to take specific actions during the occurrence of major dense shelf water cascading events that lead to temporary fishery collapses. Result type* other Link to resulthttp://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2013/05/27/pdfs/BOE-A-2013-5555.pdf References Exploitable results – Important expansion of biogeochemical monitoring in the Mediterranean and Black Seas Result descriptionIncreased biogeochemical monitoring is an identified and pressing current need. Under PERSEUS new sensors were added to moorings and new bio-Argo floats as well as Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) monitoring initiated. This upgrade of the selected observatories in the SES is absolutely essential to improve the estimates of current ocean states and constrain model predictions, thus contributing to the proper implementation of GES as required by the MSFD. Result type* Report Link to resultMulti-parametric moorings upgrade with new sensors and expansion. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/5153.2_published.pdf Deliverable 3.5. Operation and data analysis from Argo and expendable systems at basin and sub-basin scale. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/5151.5.v9.pdf Kassis D. et al. 2014. Mooring upgrades with new sensors and expansion under PERSEUS – Building a future strategy towards monitoring the South European Seas. 2nd scientific PERSEUR workshop- Marrakesch (2014). References Exploitable results – Impact of dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection in the northwestern Mediterranean during winter 2012, on deep-sea biological activity particle fluxes and sediment dynamics Result descriptionFive months after the formation of a massive dense water on the continental shelf and in the deep basin of the Gulf of Lions the water of coastal origin created a distinct bottom layer up to a few hundreds of meters thick over the central part of the NW Mediterranean basin, which was overlaid by a layer of newly formed deep water produced by open-sea convection. These new observations highlight the role of intense episodes of both dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection to the progressive modification of the NW Mediterranean deep waters. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesDurrieu de Madron, X. et al. 2013. Interaction of dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection in the northwestern Mediterranean during winter 2012. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40: 1379–1385, doi:10.1002/grl.50331, link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/703.pdf Tamburini C et al. (2013) Deep Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms after Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface. PLoS ONE 07:2013; 8(7):e67523 link: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0067523 Stabholz, M.et al. 2012. Impact of open-ocean convection on particle fluxes and sediment dynamics in the deep margin of the Gulf of Lions, Biogeosciences Discuss., 9, 12845-12894; link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/PERSEUS%20Publications/5126.%202012.pdf Exploitable results – Spreading of Levantine Intermediate Waters by submesoscale coherent vortices in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea as observed with gliders Result descriptionThe paths of spreading Levantine Intermediate Waters and Western Mediterranean Deep waters by Submesoscale Coherent vortices in the western Mediterranean Sea are determinated. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesBosse A. et al, 2015. Spreading of Levantine Intermediate Waters by Submesoscale Coherent Vortices in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea as observed with gliders, Journal of Geophysical Research, DOI: 10.1002/2014JC010263; link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JC010263/pdf Bosse A. et al 2015. Observations of anticyclonic and cyclonic Submesoscale Coherent Vortices Western Mediterranean Deep Waters in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, In preparation. Exploitable results – Common methodological procedures for analysis of Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) Result descriptionA common methodology for the estimation of fishing effort has been developed, based on the VMS, which uses existing and collectable data to deliver estimates of catch, location, fishing pressure, etc. Result type* services/tools Link to resulthttp://artemis2.ath.hcmr.gr/ http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/5138.4.pdf (Deliverable 3.4) ReferencesRusso T et al, 2014. VMS base: An R-Package for VMS and Logbook Data Management and Analysis in Fisheries Ecology. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100195. Link: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0100195 Exploitable results – Important expansion of glider monitoring lines to the Southern Mediterranean. Result descriptionThis is an important area that is historically and chronically under-sampled; in conjunction with the JERICO TNA program 2 proto glider endurance lines were undertaken. This knowledge output contributes to the development of a glider network in the Southern European Seas (SES), to assess a wide range of scales of variability in the upper 1000m of the ocean, and allow accurate estimates (without aliasing effects due to mesoscale processes) of water transport and characterisation of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the surface and intermediate water masses. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/5129.6_WP3%20Operation%20and%20data%20analysis%20of%20glider%20experiments_newISBN_FINAL.pdf References Exploitable results – Assessment of marine transect glider activity over the last 10 years in the Mediterranean and Black Seas Result descriptionThis report considers the repeated transect glider missions undertaken in the South European Seas (SES) during the PERSEUS period (2012 – 2015) and by PERSEUS Partners and the contribution of gliders to the multi-platform ocean observing capability in the SES , with some perspectives on future glider endurance line monitoring. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/5129.6_WP3%20Operation%20and%20data%20analysis%20of%20glider%20experiments_newISBN_FINAL.pdf References Exploitable results – A Clean Seas and Outreach Best Practice Guide Result descriptionA Clean Seas and Outreach Best Practice Guide gives policy makers a toolkit for carrying out communication and outreach campaigns to support behavioural changes of citizens which can significantly reduce human pressures on marine waters – e.g. eco-tourism initiatives. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/4085.8_v1.pdf References Exploitable results – New Mean Dynamic Topography for the Mediterranean Sea (SMDT-MED-2014) Result descriptionA new Mean Dynamic Topography was computed for the Mediterranean Sea that is available for calculating absolute dynamic heights and the corresponding geostrophic currents from altimeter sea level anomalies. The new data set consisted of an updated data set of drifter velocities provided by OGS and a data set of hydrological profiles provided by IMEDEA. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesRio, M-H. et al. 2014. Computation of a new mean dynamic topography for the Mediterranean Sea from model outputs, altimeter measurements and oceanographic in situ data. Ocean Sci., 10, 731-744. doi:10.5194/os-10-731-2014; link: http://www.ocean-sci.net/10/731/2014/os-10-731-2014.html Exploitable results – Increasing temperature and salinity trend in the Levantine Basin Result descriptionA trend in temperature and salinity has been identified in the Levantine Basin. Both temperature and salinity have been shown to increase. The data is not yet currently available to the public. Result type* exploitable scientific result Link to resultNot publicly available References Exploitable results – Appearance of Physalia physalis in the Mediterranean Sea Result descriptionA comprehensive analysis of the environmental conditions (biotic and abiotic) associated with the Physalia physalis swarm events in 2010. It has been found that that the summer 2010 P. Physalis swarm was the result of an unusual combination of meteorological and oceanographic conditions during the previous winter and not a permanent invasion favoured by climatic changes. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesPrieto., L et al. 2015. Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis) in the Mediterranean: A permanent invasion or a casual appearance? Scientific Reports (Nature) 5, 11545. doi: 10.1038/srep11545; link: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep11545 Exploitable results – Spatial gradients of organic chemical pollutants in the coastal environment linked to coastal cities. Result descriptionIn the vicinity of large coastal cities the dilution of chemicals from point source inputs occurs on small spatial scales. Modelling shows that in the Marseilles area, a high proportion of contaminants discharged in the bay is exported offshore after a few days, especially those adsorbed on fine and light particles. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to resultThouvenin B. et al. 2013. Export of chemical contaminants from a big mediterranean city: modelling of dissolved and particulate transport in the bay of Marseille. 40th CIESM congress, Marseille, France, October/November 2013. ReferencesGonzalez-Fernandez D. et al (2014). Spatial gradients of PCB’s and OCP’s in surface seawater associated with coastal cities “hot-spots”. 2014. Organohalogen Compounds Vol. 76, 1176-1179 . Link: http://www.dioxin20xx.org/pdfs/2014/1083.pdf Exploitable results – Review of ocean observing systems in the South European Sea (SES) and recommendations on upgrades to serve PERSEUS needs Result descriptionA comprehensive review of the existing observing systems in the Mediterranean and Black Seas was undertaken, for key platforms, enabling clear gaps and needs in the system to be identified. Result type* Report Link to resultNot publicly available References Exploitable results – Report on Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) assessment methodologies across the EU Result descriptionCompilation and gap analysis (per descriptor) of methodological approaches and assessment elements used by EU countries in the implementation of the MSFD. Identification of common principles and options for the development of environmental assessments in EU and non-EU countries. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/969.1_v4.pdf http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/2840.pdf References Exploitable results – Identification of Pressures, processes and impacts on SES open and coastal waters ecosystems - Gap Analysis on data and knowledge Result descriptionSouthern European Seas (SES) are analyzed for gaps on data and knowledge related to a list of key processes, pressures, and impacts. The Mediterranean Sea's hydrometeorological variability is well-described using a combination of existing databases and models; the availability and update of long time-series is stressed. Some of the gaps that have been found are; poor understanding of the Strait of Gibraltar's biogeochemistry, there is a complete lack of information for marine litter and noise there is a clear gap in the estimates of fluxes of N, P, and pollutants to the sea. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/962.1_v2.pdf References Exploitable results – Study of the formation of very dense water in the northern Adriatic Sea and propagation into the southern Adriatic Sea. Result descriptionDifferent aspects concerning the thermohaline variability associated with the Adriatic dense waters during and after an extreme meteorological event occurred in the Adriatic Sea in winter 2012 is analysed. It is found a suddenly decrease in salinity which interrupts a positive temperature and salinity bottom trend observed during the previous 5 years and producing a density increase of 0.02 kg.m-3. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesBensi M.et al (2013). Effects of winter convection on the deep layer of the Southern Adriatic Sea in 2012. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 118, 1-12, doi:10.1002/2013JC009432; link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2013JC009432/full Exploitable results – Relationship between offshore marine constructions and the dispersal of moon jellyfish polyps in northern Adriatic Result descriptionThe establishment of new jellyfish polyp populations in the formerly unpopulated coastal and open waters has been attributed to the addition of new artificial substrates in both coastal (ports, marinas, breakwater) and offshore (platforms) locations. Result type* other Link to resultVodopivec M., Peliz A., Malej A. (2015, February). Offshore marine constructions as stepping-stones facilitating dispersal of moon jellyfish polyps. ASLO Aquatic Science Meeting, Granada, Spain http://www.sgmeet.com/ASLO/GRANADA2015/VIEWABSTRACT.ASP?ABSTRACTID=26765 References Exploitable results – Identification of the main environmental risks for not achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) in mediterraean and Black Seas (PERSEUS Fact Sheet Series) Result descriptionThrough a methodological process of gap and impact analyses, PERSEUS; has updated an prioritized the main environmental risks in relation to each of the 11 GES descriptors of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. It was found that in both open seas and coastal areas and for the 4 sub-region analysed (Western, Central, Eastern Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea) the main and common environmental risks are; chemical pollution, physical damage and habitat loss, Introduction of on-indigenous species, overfishing and marine litter. Result type* other Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/Press%20Releases/Fact%20Sheets/559.pdf References Exploitable results – Improvement of ARGO network in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Result descriptionThe ARGO network in the Southern European Seas (SES) have allowed to upgrade and improve signifincatly the obsering capacity of the SES by means of Argo profiling floats and measurements on ship-of-opportunity. Improvements were twofold: the expansion of geographical coverage and the addition of biogeochemical sensors to measure parameters associated to the MSFD descriptors for Good Environment Status. Result type* Report Link to result http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/5151.5.v9.pdf References Exploitable results – A comparative study of marine litter on the seafloor of coastal areas in the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas Result descriptionThe abundance, spatial distribution and qualitative composition, of benthic marine litter, were investigated in five study areas from the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas. The size distribution of litter items showed that ?50% fall into medium size categories (10x10 cm, 20x20 cm) along with an elevated percentage of small-sized (<5x 5 cm) plastic litter items. The comparative analysis of the data highlighted the dependence of the marine litter problem on many local factors (human sources and oceanographic conditions) and the urgent need for specificactions. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesIoakeimidis, C. et al, 2014. A comparative study of marine litter on the seafloor of coastal areas in the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas.2014. Marine Pollution Bulletin Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.044 Exploitable results – Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012 Result descriptionAn updated list of alien species (molluscs, crustaceans, fish, polychaetes and macroalgae) in the Mediterranean accommodating recent findings and latest nomenclatural changes. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesZenetos et al., 2012. Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways, Medit. Mar. Sci., Vol. 13/2: 328-352; link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/Zenetos%20et%20al_,%202012,%20Alien%20Species%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20by%202012_%20Part%202_%20Medit_%20Mar_%20Sci_%2013_2,%202012,%20328-352.pdf Exploitable results – Ocean Literacy: PERSEUS@School Result descriptionPERSEUS will give students the chance to learn much more about the marine life of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, the marine ecosystems and how they are changing because of human activities impacting on them such as releasing of chemicals, nutrients, wastes and litter in the sea, over-fishing and atmospheric pollution to name some. Result type* training activity/learning module Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/site/content.php?locale=1&locale_j=en&sel=519 References Exploitable results – Intercomparison of the ecological quality assessment methodologies involving benthic indices in different regions across the South European Seas (SES). Evaluation of assessments and selection of indices Result descriptionBiotic benthic indices generally show the gradient of pollution but the most appropriate index is not the same in every study area due to differentiations in community structure among different regions/subregions. A common harmonization integrated method is proposed. Result type* other Link to resultSimboura et al. 2014. Intercomparison of the ecological quality assessment methodologies involving benthic indices in different regions across the SES. Evaluation of assessments and selection of indices. Abstract Book 2nd PERSEUS Scientific Workshop, 30 November – 6 December, 2014, Marrakech, Morocco. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/GA%20Marrakesh/3408.pdf References Exploitable results – A long-term glider monitoring program in the Ibiza Channel Result descriptionInvestigation of the high frequency variability in Mediterranean circulation (days to weeks time scales) from gliders at a biodiversity ‘hot spot’ with profound implication on circulation and ecosystem variability. The seasonal to sub-seasonal variability of the transport of water masses in the Ibiza Channel is characterized. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesHeslop, E et al. 2012. Autonomous underwater gliders 22 monitoring variability at "choke points" in our ocean system: A case study in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 39: 24, doi:10.1029/2012GL053717. Exploitable results – Website for uploading data from jellyfish Result descriptionA website platform where citizens can contribute to a long-term dataset by uploading data about jelyfish sightings or the conditions of the beach. Mobile apps are available for iPhones and Android devices. At the webpage you can list the sightings which have been reported or visualize them in a map. Result type* services/tools Link to resulthttp://jellywatch.org/ References Exploitable results – Tool for the indentification and assesment of environmental aspects in ports (TEAP) Result descriptionA methodology tool has been developed for environmental and accidental risk assessment of the big ports around the Southern European Seas. Result type* services/tools Link to resultwww.eports.cat http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/EU_Maritime_Day_May2015/4259.pdf References Exploitable results – Integrated socio-economic assessment of marine and coastal sectors Result descriptionFirst integrated socio-economics assessment of main marine and coastal sectors has been carried out at Mediterranean and Black Sea scale and in several South European Sea (SES) pilot cases, despite missing or non-publicly available data, providing a better knowledge of pressures and trends. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/3332.2_Final.pdf References Exploitable results – Status of alien species in the Marmara Sea and in the Black Sea Result descriptionRecent status of major non-indigenous species in the Marmara Sea and in the Black Sea. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/site/content.php?artid=669. Not publicly available References Exploitable results – Full blueprints of a small research and survey vessel Result descriptionDevelopment of the full blueprints for the design of an innovative small research and survey vessel for the coastal areas of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, capable to work and maneuver easily in port areas,estuaries, as well as shallow navigation channels equipped with innovative positioning and propulsion system. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PICTURES/Fact_Sheets_May2015_JPGs/4611.pdf References Exploitable results – Seagrass presence and distribution as Ecological Status indicators: Case studies in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea Result descriptionNew ecological quality status indexes based on seagrass meadows observation have been proposed for the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean. Result type* other Link to resultPanayotidis P. et al. 2014. Seagrass presence and distribution as Ecological Status indicators: Case studies in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Abstract Book 2nd PERSEUS Scientific Workshop, 30 November – 6 December, 2014, Marrakech, Morocco. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/GA%20Marrakesh/3408.pdf References Exploitable results – Conditions for jellyfish proliferation in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Result descriptionDefinition of the conditions potentially leading to Jellyfish proliferation for areas of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea such as marine constructions, inputs of nutrients and extraction of jellyfish predators. Result type* Report Link to resultNot publicly available References Exploitable results – Contrasting food web structures and trends across Mediterranean Areas Result descriptionThe study of biomass changes in functional groups of demersal fish species in 12 areas of the Mediterranean over 19 years identified geographical and temporal trends mainly correlated with bottom dissolved oxygen, bottom sea water temperature and catches. Result type* Report Link to result ReferencesBrind’Amour A., Mérigot B., Rochet M.J., Trenkel V., Jadaud A., Carbonara P., Follesa C., Maiorano P., Massuti E., Spedicato M.T. and Bertrand J. (2013, March). Contrasting food web structures and trends across Mediterranean Areas. MEDITS (Mediterranean International Trawl Survey) project annual meeting group, Heraklion, Greece Exploitable results – Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey for the Mediterranean Sea Result descriptionThe CPR is a robust sampling device used to collect plankton from horizontal transects, while towed by ships of opportunity. The CPR data include zooplankton and phytoplankton abundances and diversity, biological productivity measurements, as well as temperature and salinity data that are collected by a data logger attached to the CPR during each tow.PERSEUS has initiated the use of the CPR in the Eastern Mediterranean along the Cyprus-Haifa-Cyprus transect from the newly established MedCPR Facility at The Cyprus Institute. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/6535.3_Final.pdf References Exploitable results – Mapping the Ecoregions of the Mediterranean Result descriptionThis report provides an ecological geographical framework characterising the main species assemblages and environmental features, and quantifying the various environmental and human factors (biogeochemical regions, ecoregions, human pressures), in the Mediterranean Sea. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/3336.6_Final.pdf References Exploitable results – Accurate assessment of nutrients exchange through straits (Gilbraltar Strait and Turkish Straits) Result descriptionThis assessment aims to accurately quantify the transport of nutrients between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Extensive measurements of nutrient concentrations performed at the time series Gibraltar Fixed Time Series (GIFT) were used in combination with the in situ monitoring of Mediterranean water transport in the area. The results were used to build a nutrient balance box model for the Mediterranean Sea and elucidate the contribution of the water exchange at the Saronikos Gulf to the nutrient status of the basin. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/site/content.php?artid=669 ReferencesHuertas, I. E.et al. 2012. Atlantic forcing of the Mediterranean oligotrophy, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 26, GB2022, doi:10.1029/2011GB004167. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/146.pdf Exploitable results – Determination of the seasonal cycle of the Mixed Layer, the Seasonal Thermocline and the Upper-Ocean Heat Storage Rate in the Mediterranean Sea derived from observations Result descriptionA Mediterranean climatology (1°x 1°x 12 months) of the mixed layer and of the seasonal thermocline, based on a comprehensive collection of temperature profiles spanning 44 years (1969–2012). The database includes more than 190,000 profiles, merging CTD, MBT/XBT, profiling floats, and gliders observations. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesHoupert et al. Seasonal cycle of the mixed layer, the seasonal thermocline and the upper-ocean heat storage rate in the Mediterranean Sea derived from observations. Progress in Oceanography 132 (0), 333--352. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.11.004; link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079661114001797 D'Ortenzio et al. 2014. Observing mixed layer depth, nitrate and chlorophyllconcentrations in the northwestern Mediterranean:A combined satellite and NO3 pro?ling ?oats experiment. Geophysical Reseach Letters. Doi: 10.1002/2014GL061020 Exploitable results – Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) food web indicators Result descriptionSuggestion to continue research and development of MSFD food web indicators other than upper trophic level (fish, large predators species, birds) to cover all functional groups within food webs (for example zooplankton incl. jellyfish). Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesKogovek et al. Year? Journal? Exploitable results – Marine litter distribution and density in the Mediterranean Sea, Northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean Result descriptionFirst assessment of composition, spatial distribution and source of litter and microplastics from the slope to deep basins in European Seas. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesPham C.K. et al. (2014) Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins. PLoS ONE 9 (4): e9583; link: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095839 Tubau X.et al. 2015. Marine litter on the floor of deep submarine canyons of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: The role of hydrodynamic processes; Progress in Oceanography 134, 379-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.03.013 Exploitable results – Data collaborations with key partners in South Mediterranean Sea Result descriptionIncreasing coverage for data in the South Mediterranean Sea through collaboration with key partners (i.e. Morocco). Result type* Report Link to resultNot publicly available References Exploitable results – A Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) complementary approach for the assessment of pressures, knowledge and data gaps in Southern European Seas: The PERSEUS experience Result descriptionA meta-analysis of existing literature on pressure/impact/knowledge gaps summarized in tables related to the MSFD descriptors, discriminating open waters from coastal area is adopted (MSFD does not discriminate coastal vs open waters on the Initial Assessment). Moreover a comparative assessment of the Initial Assessments of five Southern European Seas (SES) countries has been also independently is performed. The comparison between meta-analysis results and initial assesment shows similarities for coastal areas only. Major knowledge gaps have been detected for the biodiversity, marine food web, marine litter and underwater noise descriptors. The meta-analysis also allowed the identification of additional research themes targeting research topics that are requested to the achievement of GES. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result References Crisse et al. 2015. A MSFD complementary approach for the assessment of pressures, knowledge and data gaps in Southern European Seas: The PERSEUS experience. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 95: 28-39 Exploitable results – PERSEUS message from Izmir to reduce marine litter Result descriptionRecommendations to reduce litter related to tourism such as improved the collection of litter from sewage and rainfall systems, increase public awareness, improve recycling culture and alter consumer behaviour. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/2721.pdf References Exploitable results – Time-series of environmental indices defining South European Seas (SES) pressures Result descriptionGeneralisation of the TRIX and CSI023+ environmental indexes for use with numerical model results. Result type* Report Link to resultNot publicly available References Exploitable results – Time-series comparison of coverage of sea grass meadows in Mediterranean Result descriptionThe comparison of the coverage of sea grass meadows with historical data in several coastal areas of the Mediterranean does not show evidence of changes and clear trends. Result type* Report Link to resultNot publicly available References Exploitable results – Identification of dominant phytoplankton functional types in the Mediterranean Sea based on a regionalized remote sensing approach Result descriptionDevelopment of a tool (PHYSAT-Med) to facilitate the monitoring of phytoplankton taxonomy from space (application to MSFD) in the Mediterranean Sea. The tool is based on a regionalized remote sensing approach. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesNavarro G. et al (2014) Identification of dominant phytoplankton functional types in the Mediterranean Sea based on a regionalized remote sensing approach. Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, 557–575; link: http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/Boussole/html/publications/pubs/Navarro_et_al_RSE_2014.pdf Exploitable results – Impacts of invasive alien marine species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a pan-European review Result descriptionIn this review, it is identified alien marine species that have a high impact on ecosystem services and biodiversity in European seas, classified the mechanisms of impact, commented on the methods applied for assesing the impact and the related inferential strength and reported on gaps in available information. Only 13% of the reported impacts of NIS were inferred via manipulative or natural experiments. A need for stronger inference is evident, to improve our knowledge base of marine biological invasions and better inform environmental managers. Result type* Book/Review Link to result ReferencesKatsanevakis S et al., 2014. Impacts of marine invasive alien species on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a pan-European review. Aquatic Invasions 9(4): 391–423. Link: http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2014/AI_2014_Katsanevakis_etal.pdf Exploitable results – Identification of Pressures in the Southern European Seas (SES) open and coastal waters in socio-economic terms - Gap Analysis on data and knowledge Result descriptionSimilar studies have been made for coastal areas and open waters of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This report presents the results of the economic and social analysis of the human activities which are exerting pressures on open waters of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. The analysis has been done using existing available data on main marine activities such as fisheries, maritime transport, submarine cable and pipeline operations and marine hydrocarbon extraction. It makes the same analysis on marine coastal ecosystems of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea taking into account the main marine sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture, maritime transport and ports, recreational activities and coastal tourism, submarine cable and pipeline operations and marine hydrocarbon (oil and gas) extraction as well as on the main land-based activities impacting the coastal marine. The gap analysis in both open and coastal waters has shown that a significant part of required data to perform the economic and social assesment of human pressures assessments are missing or not publicly available, especially those needed to assess value added and employment wages as well as cost of degradation. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/3288.2_Final.pdf http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/3332.2_Final.pdf References Exploitable results – Determination of the hydrological variability and changes in the Cretan Sea from the combined datasets of Argo floats, mooring stations and R/V (research vessel) measurements. Result description The hydrology of the Cretan Sea is studied by using T/S (temperature salinity) profile data derived from the first Argo float deployed in the area over a 2 year period (2010-2012) which was combined with time series data recorded from the POSEIDON E1-M3A multi-parametric instrumentation platform. The acquired datasets were enriched with available CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles taken on the mooring site during cruise maintenance surveys. The combined research activities resulted in a large dataset of physical properties allowing extended geographical coverage and an in-depth analysis of the Cretan Sea dynamics during the 2-year period. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesKassis et al. 2015. : Hydrodynamic variability of the Cretan Sea derived from Argo float profiles and multi-parametric buoy measurements during 2010–2012. Ocean Dynamics, 15-00058. DOI: 10.1007/s10236-015-0892-0. Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10236-015-0892-0 Exploitable results – Relationship between the anchovy recruitment in the Alboran Sea and the associated circulation features in the basin Result descriptionAn extensive analysis based on the joint signals provided by available historical fisheries records and data from remote sensors for surface currents, kinetic energy (KE), temperature and chlorophyll is performed. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that anchovy recruitment in the Alboran Sea is highly linked to the dynamics of the Atlantic Jet and the associated circulation features in the basin. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesRuiz J et al., 2013. Recruiting at the edge: Kinetic energy inhibits anchovy populations in the Western Mediterranean. PLoS ONE 8(2): e55523. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055523; link: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055523 Exploitable results – Integrated Mediterranean and Black Seas Ocean Observing System (IMBOOS) Result descriptionA Strategy for an Integrated Mediterranean and Black Seas Ocean Observing System (IMBOOS) was developed, following the “Kostas Nittis Scientific and Strategic Workshop’’ (May 2015). This defines the guiding principles, key components and first steps to establish a system for the South European Sea (SES). Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://workshop.hcmr.gr/kostas-nittis/sites/default/files/Strategy_Integrated_Med_Observatory_Kostas_Nittis_Workshop_Output_FINAL_0.pdf References Exploitable results – Report on operation and data analysis from Multi-Platform Synoptic Intensive Experiment (ALBOREX) (Deliverable 3.8) Result descriptionImpacts of mesoscale mechanisms (Gulf of Lion’s open-ocean convection, Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System) on the pelagic ecosystems 3D observation of variability of upper ocean eddies with a multi-platform approach (ALBOREX). Sub-mesoscale processes and impact on circulation and ecosystem identified and modelled. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu//site/pdf/PERSEUS_deliverable_D3_8_public_isbn.pdf References Exploitable results – New understanding of character of northern Aegean Result descriptionIdentification of a change towards a more oligotrophic character of northern Aegean. Result type* exploitable scientific result Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/site/content.php?artid=669. The deliverable will be available at the end of December 2015. References Exploitable results – PERSEUS Oceanographic Mediterranean and Black Sea Data Management Result descriptionThe oceanographic information management system provides user-friendly and fast access to physical, geochemical and biological data of the Mediterranean and Black Seas’ ecosystems. The database includes both data collected by PERSEUS (100 cruises or 8,000 CTD casts) and previous European projects such as SESAME, MyOcean, SeaDataNet and EMODnet. The database contains data for almost 8,000 cruises since December 2015. About 98% of the data is freely available to any user after online registration. Other data can be obtained through negotiation with data provider. (Data are held at http://isramar.ocean.org.il/perseus_data/) Result type* data Link to resulthttp://isramar.ocean.org.il/perseus_data/ References Exploitable results – Accumulation and trophic transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in plankton in the Gulf of Lion, Western Mediterranean Result descriptionMarine plankton assimilates rapidly chemical contaminants but prey-predator contaminant transfer is difficult to clearly distinguish within planktonic food-webs. Result type* other Link to result ReferencesTronczynski et al. 2015. Accumulation and trophic transfer of POPs in plankton in the Gulf of Lion, Western Mediterranean. Link: http://meetings.setac.org/frontend.php/presentation/listForPublic Exploitable results – The Adaptative Marine Policy Toolbox Result descriptionThe Adaptive Marine Policy Toolbox has been especially developed to assist policy makers to develop measures in order to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) of costal and marine ecosystems in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins. The purpose is to organize relevant scientific findings and resources into a user-friendly format to aid the decision-making process, thus saving time and frustration. Result type* services/tools Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/en/about_the_apf_toolbox/index.html References Exploitable results – Observations of the mixed layer depth, nitrate and chlorophyll concentrations in the North Western Mediterranean Result descriptionThe role of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) variations in shaping the phytoplankton phenology was explored in the Mediterranean Sea, a basin displaying contrasting phenological regimes. A database of MLD estimations was merged with ocean color chlorophyll concentrations to generate concomitant annual MLD and color chlorophyll concentration cycles. Several indices such as annual maximum of MLD and satellite surface chlorophyll-a concentrations were calculated to quantitatively analyze these cycles. It was found that two dominant phenological regimes coexist in the Mediterranean Sea. The first is marked by a typical spring bloom, as in temperate regions. The second displays a low seasonality and an absence of an intense satellite surface chlorophyll-a concentrations peak as in subtropical areas. Result type* exploitable scientific result Link to result ReferencesLavigne et al (2013) Enhancing the comprehension of mixed layer depth control on the Mediterranean phytoplankton phenology, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 3416-3430, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20251. Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgrc.20251/abstract Exploitable results – DNA technique can be used to monitor non-native marine species Result descriptionConfirmination that DNA barcoding can be used to assess marine biodiversity and monitor invasion dynamics. Upon publication more results will be made available. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesKarahan, A., et al. Submitted to Journal for Nature Conservation. Under revision Exploitable results – Multidisciplinary approach to managing Atlantic Blue fin tuna in the Mediterranean Result descriptionThis fact sheet summarizes the findings of the research on create sustainability for Atlantic bluefin tuna and provides specific insights for science-based policymaking for the management and conservation of the bluefin tuna. Result type* other Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/EU_Maritime_Day_May2015/4263.pdf References Exploitable results – Definition and assessment of the integrated Good Environmental Status (GES) for benthic communities Result descriptionA tested methodology is presented to assess the environmental status Sensu on the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) based on the data obtained from the monitoring of water quality in the Hellenic coastal waters within the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesSimboura, N.et al. 2015. Assessment of the environmental status in Hellenic coastal waters (Eastern Mediterranean): from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Water Framework Directive. Mediterranean Marine Science, 16/1: 46-64. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/PERSEUS%20Publications/5123.pdf Exploitable results – Citizen Science online campaign: Jellyfish spotting campaign and Marine Litter Watch Campaign Result descriptionThe ‘Jellyfish Spotting’ & ‘Litter Watch campaign’ rely on “citizen scientists” to recordsightings of jellyfish and litter at the beach, take a photo and send it by e-mail or post it on the PERSEUS website. A smart phone application will also be developed Incoming information, will be put on a GIS database and the distribution of jellyfish and litter can be viewed from the “Jellyfish and Litter Spotting” website. Result type* services/tools Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/en/send_your_records/index.html References Exploitable results – State of Environment Report of the Western Black Sea Result descriptionAn updated assessment of organic pollutants and metals in seawater and sediments and marine organisms (molluscs, fish) in several coastal areas of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea was updated (based on Joint MISIS cruise). Result type* Book/Review Link to result ReferencesOros, A., Coatu, V., Tiganus, D., Secrieru, D., Shtereva, G., Bat, L., Beken, L., Atabay, H., Toulun, L., 2014. Chapter V. DESCRIPTOR 8: Contaminants, in MISIS Joint Cruise Scientific Report, 2014. “State of Environment Report of the Western Black Sea based on Joint MISIS cruise” (SoE-WBS), Moncheva S. and L. Boicenco [Eds], 401 pp.ISBN: 978-606-598-367-0 Exploitable results – The environmental status in three coastal areas of Mediterranean and Black Seas: a eutrophication approach towards the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Result descriptionA methodology for the assessment of the eutrophication status in several coastal areas of the Mediterranean and Black Seas (Gulf of Trieste, Saronikos Gulf and Varna Bay) was developed. Result type* other Link to resultPagou et al. 2014. The environmental status in three coastal areas of Mediterranean and Black Seas: a eutrophication approach towards the MSFD implementation. Abstract Book 2nd PERSEUS Scientific Workshop, 30 November – 6 December, 2014, Marrakech, Morocco. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/GA%20Marrakesh/3408.pdf References Exploitable results – Stock assessment of small pelagic fish in the NW Black Sea Result descriptionStock assessment of small pelagic fish in the NW Black Sea was possible for 7 out of 25 major stocks and six of these were exploited at rates exceeding FMS (fisheries management systems). Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesSnigirov S. (in press). Current state of commercial ichtiofauna of Dniester Estuary. Romanian Geographical Journal. Exploitable results – Prototype (b-version) of an early warning system for oil spill Result descriptionA prototype of an “Early Warning System for Oil Spills” has been developed to demonstrate to policy and decision-makers the usefulness of having in place early warning systems which can guide them in limiting the damaging effects of potential oil spills in their coastal and open waters. Result type* prototype Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/site/content.php?locale=1&locale_j=en&sel=1524innovator.ath.hcmr.gr/perseusdemonstrator http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/3752.6_Final.pdf References Exploitable results – Assessing Bluefin tuna populations status Result descriptionDevelopment of a method for assessing Bluefin tuna population status used by NOAA and IEO in the framework of ICCAT assessment: Bluefin tuna larval habitats are produced at SOCIB as input to the larval index calculation (ICCAT). Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesIngram, G.et al. 2015. Development of indices of larval bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Western Mediterranean Sea. ICCAT,Collect.Vol.Sci.Pap. 71(3):1279-1296; link: https://www.iccat.int/Documents/CVSP/CV071_2015/n_3/CV071031279.pdf Alvarez-Berastegui et al. (2014) Spatial scale, means and gradients of hydrographical variables define pelagic seascapes of bluefin and bullet tuna spawning distribution. Plos One DOI:10.1371/journal.pone 0109338; link: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0109338 Exploitable results – Contaminant levels in regional Mediterranean sediments Result descriptionFirst indications of contaminant levels in deep sediment of different regions of the Mediterranean show they decrease rapidly when the distance increase from point sources; however, a large amount of coastal inputs is exported offshore. Attention should be paid to the fate and the impact of new emerging pollutants. At the basin scale, contaminant concentrations in biota show very different patterns depending on substances. For some substances, the biogeochemical background and the environmental conditions play a important role in the contamination of marine organisms. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/969.1_v4.pdf http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/deliverables/2840.pdf References Exploitable results – Recommendations for monitoring of non-indigenous species (NIS) in some hot spot areas Result descriptionGuidance for the application of NIS related management in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Ten recommendation, including NIS identification, standardization of sampling data, indicators, propagule pressure and management issues are considered. Regarding monitoring of NIS, it is recommended to be focused on well-studied taxa for which long-term records are both available and reliable. Result type* Report Link to result ReferencesOjaveer, H. et al., 2014. Ten recommendations for advancing the assessment and management of non-indigenous species in marine ecosystems, Marine Policy 44: 160-165; link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/PERSEUS%20Publications/3398.pdf Exploitable results – Invading European Seas: Assessing pathways of introduction of marine alien species Result descriptionAn assessment of the trends of marine alien species introductions in the European Seas, i.e. Baltic, North East Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea, in relation to the pathways/vectors of their first introduction on a decadal basis in Europe. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesKatsanevakis, S et al, 2013. Invading European Seas: Assessing pathways of introduction of marine aliens. Ocean & Coastal Management, 76: 64-74, Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.024. Exploitable results – A data submission handbook for scientists Result descriptionIt describes how to submit data from different platforms, in real-time and delayed mode, to the European marine data infrastructure. A second version of this handbook will include information on standard QC procedures for each platform. This document will be updated in 2015, will remain accurate beyond the end of PERSEUS, and hopefully will be applicable to future EU projects. Result type* Report Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/4203.1.pdf References Exploitable results – Overview of the status of each MSFD indicator in the Mediterranean and Black Sea Result descriptionOverview of the status of each Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) indicator regarding its capability to provide a coherent assessment through the Synthetic Tree Diagrams, by graphically showing the different methodological options considered by the respective EU countries in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Result type* Report Link to resultNot publicly available References Exploitable results – Methods for estimating Chla data from satellite products for the Aegean Sea Result descriptionDefinition of the optimal available algorithms for the estimate of Chla data from satellite products for the Aegean Sea. Result type* Report Link to result References Exploitable results – SOCIB: The Balearic Island Observing and Forecasting System Result descriptionThe major elements and structure of the Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System (SOCIB) are described. Some recent scientific, technological, and society-related results that are of relevance at a global ocean scale are presented, such as new methodologies for coastal zone delimitation and marine spatial planning to well-identified problems such as recreational boating. Result type* Scientific Publication Link to result ReferencesTintoré et al. 2013: SOCIB: the Balearic Islands Observing and Forecasting System responding to science, technology and society needs. Marine Technology Society Journal, 47/1, January/February 2013, pp. 101-117(17), http://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.47.1.10 Exploitable results – Testing the biomass size spectrum as an indicator of the impact of combined pressures on the pelagic community of Saronikos Gulf -Athens Result descriptionMarine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) indicator development - Analysis of the pelagic food web components and transfer to fish using the end-to-end approach indicated that normalized biomass-size spectrum (NBSS) could be used as a quantitative indicator of the impact of multiple stressors (such as eutrophication and overfishing) on pelagic communities. Result type* other Link to resultFrangoulis C. et al 2014. Testing the biomass size spectrum as an indicator of the impact of combined pressures on the pelagic community of Saronikos Gulf. Abstract Book 2nd PERSEUS Scientific Workshop, 30 November – 6 December, 2014, Marrakech, Morocco. Link: http://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/GA%20Marrakesh/3408.pdf References Exploitable results – A comparative study of long term nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in selected sites of the Mediterranean and Black Seas (Poster) Result descriptionThe study reveals a decrease of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in most study areas. These decreasing trends were coupled with those of nutrients except for the Gulf of Trieste, where the decrease of chlorophyll a was related to an increasing salinity trend from 2002 to 2008. Result type* other Link to resulthttp://www.perseus-net.eu/assets/media/PDF/Scientific%20Workshop,%20January%202014/Session%204/4102.pdf References Searching for OpenAIRE data... 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