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Modification of starch synthesis and yield in wheat endosperm

Exploitable results

Five lines from immature seed from the ADPGT sense peptide 1 have been identified with increased amounts of peptide one. These lines are now available for sowing and ultimately progression to homozygous seed batches. Four lines of the ADPG-transporter, RNAi peptide 1 were generated and a significant reduction in RNA levels was observed in two lines. All lines will now be grown and ultimately progressed to homozygous seed batches. Three ADPGT transporter peptide 2, the wheat brittle-1 constructs have been used to generate an RNAi and an over expression construct suitable for plant transformation. 20 lines of either sense or RNAi have now been produced. These are currently being grown for seed. Expression analysis of the seed will then be made and lines selected for subsequent growth and progression to homozygosity.
A number of glgC16 transgenic lines were produced of these 5 were selected for further analysis. Biogemma/Ulice will multiply all 5 lines in the US this year. Activities of enzymes in starch synthesis and degradation and gluconeogenic enzymes in both the wild type and transgenic glgC16 lines did not show any significant differences. Lines 577.1 and 521.1c contained similar starch content to the wildtype, whilst lines 540.4x, 540.2b and 521.1a contained significantly higher amounts of starch. UDPG, ADPG, glucose-6-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate levels did not differ between wild type and glgC16 lines. The levels of glucose, sucrose and fructose were lower in the transgenic glgC16 lines. The total grain weight in one line, 521.1c, was 39% higher than the mean of the other lines.
A number of AGPPase transgenic lines were produced of these 5 were selected for further analysis. Biogemma/Ulice will multiply all 5 lines in the US this year. The AGPPase transcript and protein content was much higher and AGPPase activity was 5-25% higher in the transgenic lines than the wild type plants. No differences were observed between starch synthesis and degrading enzymes. The starch content of four of the AGPPase lines and the ADPG content in all 5 AGPPase lines was significantly lower than that recorded in the wild type. UDPG levels were slightly lower in the AGPPase endosperms. Amylose/amylopectin ratio, glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, sucrose, glucose and fructose levels were similar in AGPPase transgenic lines and wildtype endosperms. Viscosity of starch was increased slightly in lines 2.2a and 8.3a.
A number of AATP1 transgenic lines were produced of these 5 were selected for further analysis. Biogemma/Ulice will multiply all 5 lines in the US this year. There were no significant differences between the AATP1 transgenic lines and control lines in metabolite levels. Lines 32.3a and 32.6b both accumulated 34-46% more starch than other lines. The starch degrading enzyme activity of AATP1 T2 transgenic lines were similar to the control lines. The main elevated effect was on AATP1 lines grain production in comparison with the other lines.

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