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es de,en,es,fr,it,pl 166041 La configuración óptima de los diseños preliminares es la base para lograr modelos de aeronaves listas para el servicio. Una plataforma de diseño preliminar nueva incluye ocho análisis distintos con el fin de optimizar el rendimiento y la rentabilidad en una fase temprana del proceso.

Tras superar la fase de diseño preliminar, las configuraciones elegidas pasan a la fase de diseño detallado. La integración optimizada y basada en el conocimiento de todas las propuestas de diseño al principio de esta labor logra importantes ahorros y reduce los costes del ciclo de vida. La Unión Europea reconoce la importancia suprema de contar con una base sólida sobre la que crear una aeronave de nueva generación respetuosa con el medio ambiente, razón por la que aportó fondos al proyecto «AERODESIGN - Preliminary design methodologies» (AERODESIGN). Esta iniciativa se propuso crear una herramienta de modelización exhaustiva con la que lograr los diseños preliminares mejores y más rentables. La herramienta se apoya en una base de datos exhaustiva de activos de aeronaves y resultados validados. El diseño de aeronaves se optimiza en función de los cambios en la forma de las superficies de sustentación, datos con los que se empieza a trabajar. El diseño comienza con el iniciador que genera la arquitectura general a partir de los requisitos de la aeronave y la base de datos de la aeronave de referencia. A partir de aquí, el marco procede a ejecutar los ocho módulos del sistema. Tras establecer la configuración preliminar, el módulo sobre geometría establece la composición de la aeronave y genera un archivo geométrico de diseño asistido por ordenador. El módulo dedicado al peso y el equilibrio determina a continuación la distribución de los pesos en la aeronave y su centro de gravedad durante las maniobras de carga y descarga y en vuelo incluida la quema de combustible. Otros módulos tratan sobre la aerodinámica, los datos del motor (incluidos el consumo de combustible y el empuje), rendimiento de la misión y a baja velocidad, análisis de costes directos y recurrentes y análisis de emisiones y ruidos. Los usuarios poseen la capacidad de optimizar las superficies sustentadoras en función de cuatro parámetros como el peso máximo de despegue, el coste, el ruido o las emisiones, todas ellos importantes en el ambicioso marco establecido por la iniciativa Clean Sky (Cielo limpio), encaminada a reducir el impacto ambiental del transporte aéreo. La herramienta de diseño preliminar de AERODESIGN recibió su aprobación como una plataforma de gran capacidad para la optimización del diseño de aeronaves en las fases iniciales. Al mantener un planteamiento holístico del rendimiento en su conjunto, incluidos los costes en las primeras fases, se garantiza que la UE cuente con una flota de vehículos de transporte aéreo rentables y respetuosos con el medio ambiente.

2015-07-23 12:28:46 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en 98069 255851 AERODESIGN de,en,es,fr,it,pl 870 FP7-JTI http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/index_en.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 13246 JTI-CS-2009-1-GRA-01-005 13241 JTI-CS-GRA-01 13240 JTI-CS-GRA 13202 JTI-CS 11928 SP1-JTI 870 FP7-JTI 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI en 159515 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam es en,any /docs/results/255/255851/final1-publishable-summary-aerodesign.pdf es de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-07/159515.jpg Portugal PT 427199016 it de,en,es,fr,it,pl 166041 La configurazione ottimale dei design preliminari pone le fondamenta per concetti di velivoli finali pronti per spiccare il volo. Una nuova piattaforma di progettazione preliminare integra otto diverse analisi per ottimizzare le prestazioni e i costi.

Una volta che una configurazione supera positivamente la revisione del progetto preliminare, passa alla fase di progettazione dettagliata. L’ottimizzazione basata sulla conoscenza e integrata per tutte le considerazioni di progettazione in una fase precoce porta a grandi risparmi del progetto del velivolo e a costi del ciclo di vita minimizzati. Riconoscendo l’importanza di una forte base su cui costruire un velivolo ecologico per le configurazioni di ultima generazione, l’UE ha finanziato il progetto AERODESIGN (“AERODESIGN - Preliminary design methodologies”). Il suo obiettivo principale è stato quello di offrire uno strumento di modellazione completo per i design preliminari migliori e più economici. Lo strumento è supportato da un database completo di risorse per velivoli e risultati convalidati. Il design dei velivoli viene ottimizzato in base alla forma diversa delle superfici di sollevamento che vengono offerte come input. Il design studiato dal promotore offre un’architettura generale dei velivoli dai requisiti dei velivoli e il database del velivolo di riferimento. Da questo punto di partenza, il quadro continua attraverso otto moduli diversi. In base alla configurazione preliminare, il modulo della geometria determina la disposizione del velivolo e genera un file a geometria di progettazione assistita da computer. Il peso e il modulo di equilibrio determina pertanto la distribuzione del peso del velivolo e il suo baricentro durante il carico/scarico e il volo con il combustibile bruciato. I moduli successivi considerano l’aerodinamica, i dati del motore (compreso il consumo di combustibile e la spinta), la missione e la prestazione a basse velocità, l’analisi dei costi diretti e che si ripetono, e le analisi delle emissioni e del rumore. L’utente può ottimizzare le superfici di sollevamento in base parametri target da uno a quattro: massimo peso di decollo, costo, rumore o emissioni. Sono tutte importanti considerazioni nell’ambito dell’ambiziosa iniziativa di ricerca Clean Sky per ridurre l’impatto ambientale del viaggio aereo. Lo strumento di progettazione preliminare di AERODESIGN è stato convalidato come una potente piattaforma per l’ottimizzazione delle configurazioni di progettazione del velivolo nei primi stadi. La considerazione olistica delle prestazioni generali, compresi i costi in questo primo stadio, aiuterà a garantire che l’UE offra una flotta ecologica ed economica per il trasporto aereo futuro.

2015-07-23 12:29:03 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en 98069 255851 AERODESIGN de,en,es,fr,it,pl 870 FP7-JTI http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/index_en.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 13246 JTI-CS-2009-1-GRA-01-005 13241 JTI-CS-GRA-01 13240 JTI-CS-GRA 13202 JTI-CS 11928 SP1-JTI 870 FP7-JTI 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI en 159515 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam it en,any /docs/results/255/255851/final1-publishable-summary-aerodesign.pdf it de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-07/159515.jpg Portogallo PT 427199016 pl de,en,es,fr,it,pl 166041 Optymalizacja wstępnych projektów samolotów pozwala stworzyć solidne podstawy dla koncepcji docelowych, gotowych do lotu. Nowa platforma projektów wstępnych integruje osiem różnych metod analizy, aby zapewnić optymalne osiągi i efektywność kosztową już od najwcześniejszych etapów.

Gdy konfiguracja pomyślnie przejdzie wstępną recenzję projektową, rozpoczyna się faza projektu szczegółowego. Wczesne i w pełni zintegrowane optymalizowanie wszystkich wymogów projektowych na podstawie konkretnych danych przekłada się na ogromne oszczędności przy projektowaniu samolotu, a tym samym obniża całkowite koszty. W uznaniu kluczowego znaczenia solidnych fundamentów projektowych dla tworzenia ekologicznych samolotów w konfiguracjach nowej generacji UE sfinansowała prace projektu "AERODESIGN - Preliminary design methodologies" (AERODESIGN). Głównym celem było dostarczenie całościowego narzędzia do modelowania, które pozwoli tworzyć najlepsze i najbardziej opłacalne projekty wstępne. Możliwości narzędzia uzupełnia pełna baza danych istniejących zasobów i sprawdzonych wyników. Projekt samolotu jest optymalizowany na podstawie zmian kształtu powierzchni nośnych przekazanych jako dane wejściowe. Projektowanie zaczyna się od modułu inicjatora, który dostarcza ogólną architekturę samolotu na podstawie wymagań projektowych i bazy danych istniejących konstrukcji samolotów. Następnie odbywa się przetwarzanie w kolejnych ośmiu modułach platformy. Na podstawie konfiguracji wstępnej moduł geometrii określa układ samolotu i generuje plik geometrii dla oprogramowania CAD. Moduł masy i wyważenia określa następnie rozkład masy w samolocie oraz jego środek ciężkości podczas załadunku, rozładunku i lotu ze spalaniem paliwa. W kolejnych modułach uwzględniane są: aerodynamika, osiągi silników (w tym zużycie paliwa i ciąg), osiągi przy prędkościach rejsowych i niskich, analizy kosztów bezpośrednich i cyklicznych oraz analizy emisji i hałasu. Użytkownik może optymalizować powierzchnie nośne według jednego z czterech parametrów docelowych: maksymalnej masy startowej, kosztu, hałasu lub poziomu emisji. Wszystkie cztery wartości mają duże znaczenie w kontekście ambitnej inicjatywy badawczej "Czyste Niebo", która ma zmniejszyć wpływ transportu lotniczego na środowisko. Testy potwierdziły, że narzędzie AERODESIGN do wstępnego projektowania stanowi potężną platformę do wczesnego optymalizowania konfiguracji projektowych samolotów. Całościowe uwzględnianie kluczowych parametrów, w tym kosztów, już na tym wczesnym etapie, przyczyni się do stworzenia ekologicznej i opłacalnej floty dla potrzeb przyszłego transportu lotniczego w Europie.

2015-07-23 12:29:09 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en 98069 255851 AERODESIGN de,en,es,fr,it,pl 870 FP7-JTI http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/index_en.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 13246 JTI-CS-2009-1-GRA-01-005 13241 JTI-CS-GRA-01 13240 JTI-CS-GRA 13202 JTI-CS 11928 SP1-JTI 870 FP7-JTI 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI en 159515 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam pl en,any /docs/results/255/255851/final1-publishable-summary-aerodesign.pdf pl de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-07/159515.jpg Portugalia PT 427199016 fr de,en,es,fr,it,pl 166041 La configuration optimale des premiers dessins pose les bases du concept final d'un avion déjà prêt à prendre l'air. Une nouvelle plateforme d'études préliminaires intègre ainsi huit analyses différentes afin d'optimiser les performances et la rentabilité de manière très précoce.

Lorsqu'une configuration réussit ce premier contrôle d'études préliminaires, elle peut ainsi être transférée vers l'étape de conception plus détaillée. Une optimisation très en amont, intégrée et basée sur les connaissances qui tient compte de tous les critères de la conception permet de faire des économies sur les projets aéronautiques majeurs et de minimiser les coûts du cycle de vie de ces engins. Reconnaissant l'importance critique d'une base solide sur laquelle il sera possible de construire des avions respectueux de l'environnement à partir d'une nouvelle génération de configurations aéronautiques, l'Union européenne a décidé de financer le projet AERODESIGN («AERODESIGN - Preliminary design methodologies»). Son objectif principal est de fournir un outil de modélisation complet pour des études préliminaires optimales et plus efficaces en termes de coût. Cet outil s'appuie sur une base de données exhaustive des flottes aéronautiques existantes et sur des résultats validés. La conception de l'avion est optimisée en se basant sur le changement de forme des surfaces portantes fournies au départ. La conception commence par un initiateur qui fournit l'architecture générale de l'avion à partir des exigences aéronautiques et de la base de données de l'avion de référence. À partir de là, la structure est optimisée à travers huit modules différents. S'appuyant sur cette configuration préliminaire, le module géométrique détermine la configuration de l'avion et génère un fichier géométrique par CAO (conception assistée par ordinateur). Le module de poids et d'équilibre détermine ensuite la répartition de la masse de l'avion et son centre de gravité durant le chargement et le déchargement ainsi que son déplacement pendant le vol avec consommation de carburant. Les modules suivant prennent en compte l'aérodynamique, les données du moteur (la consommation de carburant et la poussée), la mission, la performance à basse vitesse, l'analyse des coûts directs et récurrents, et enfin l'analyse des émissions et du bruit. L'utilisateur peut optimiser la surface portante en prenant en compte l'un des quatre paramètres ciblés: le poids maximum au décollage, le coût, le bruit ou les émissions polluantes. Tous ces paramètres sont des aspects essentiels dans le cadre ambitieux de Clean Sky, l'initiative de recherche qui devrait permettre de diminuer l'impact environnemental du transport aérien. L'outil de conception AERODESIGN a ainsi été validé comme une plateforme puissante pour l'optimisation de la configuration des études préliminaires aéronautiques à un stade très précoce. Cette considération holistique à un stade précoce de la performance globale incluant les coûts devrait permettre à l'Union européenne de fournir une flotte écologique et rentable pour le transport aérien du futur.

2015-07-23 12:28:59 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en 98069 255851 AERODESIGN de,en,es,fr,it,pl 870 FP7-JTI http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/index_en.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 13246 JTI-CS-2009-1-GRA-01-005 13241 JTI-CS-GRA-01 13240 JTI-CS-GRA 13202 JTI-CS 11928 SP1-JTI 870 FP7-JTI 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI en 159515 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam fr en,any /docs/results/255/255851/final1-publishable-summary-aerodesign.pdf fr de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-07/159515.jpg Portugal PT 427199016 en de,en,es,fr,it,pl 166041 Optimal configuration of preliminary designs lays the foundation for final aircraft concepts that are ready to take flight. A new preliminary design platform integrates eight different analyses to optimise performance and cost effectiveness early.

Once a configuration successfully passes the preliminary design review, it goes on to the detailed design phase. Knowledge-based and integrated optimisation of all design considerations at an early stage drives major aircraft project savings and minimised life-cycle costs. Recognising the critical importance of a strong foundation on which to build eco-friendly aircraft for next-generation configurations, the EU funded the project 'AERODESIGN - Preliminary design methodologies' (AERODESIGN). Its main objective was to deliver a comprehensive modelling tool for the best and most cost-effective preliminary designs. The tool is supported by a complete database of existing aircraft assets and validated results. Aircraft design is optimised based on the changing shape of the lifting surfaces that are provided as input. Design begins with the initiator that provides a general aircraft architecture from the aircraft requirements and the database of reference aircraft. From this starting point, the framework continues through eight different modules. Based on the preliminary configuration, the geometry module determines aircraft layout and generates a computer-aided design geometry file. The weight and balance module then determines the weight distribution of the aircraft and its centre of gravity during loading/unloading and flight with fuel burn. Subsequent modules consider aerodynamics, engine data (including fuel consumption and thrust), mission and low-speed performance, direct and recurring costs analysis, and emissions and noise analyses. The user can optimise the lifting surfaces according to one of four target parameters: maximum take-off weight, cost, noise or emissions. All are important considerations within the ambitious Clean Sky research initiative to decrease the environmental impact of air travel. AERODESIGN's preliminary design tool has been validated as a powerful platform for the optimisation of aircraft design configurations at early stages. Holistic consideration of overall performance, including costs at this early stage, will help ensure that the EU delivers an eco-friendly and cost-effective fleet for future air transport.

2015-07-23 12:28:40 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en 98069 255851 AERODESIGN de,en,es,fr,it,pl 870 FP7-JTI http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/index_en.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 13246 JTI-CS-2009-1-GRA-01-005 13241 JTI-CS-GRA-01 13240 JTI-CS-GRA 13202 JTI-CS 11928 SP1-JTI 870 FP7-JTI 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI en 159515 Executive Summary:The AERODESIGN project provides a design tool for the analysis and optimization of preliminary aircraft configurations. The overall tool design is based on a multi-segment and multi-level modular framework that divides the preliminary design methodology scope... 2015-04-01 15:01:02 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en en,any /docs/results/255/255851/final1-publishable-summary-aerodesign.pdf en de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-07/159515.jpg Portugal PT 427199016 de de,en,es,fr,it,pl 166041 Eine optimale Konfiguration der vorläufigen Entwürfe legt den Grundstein für endgültige Flugzeugkonzepte, die bereit zum Losfliegen sind. Eine neue Plattform für vorläufige Entwürfe vereint acht verschiedene Analysen zur frühen Optimierung von Leistung und Kosteneffizienz.

Sobald eine Konfiguration mit Erfolg die vorläufige Entwurfsprüfung durchlaufen hat, geht es in die detaillierte Entwurfsphase. Eine wissensbasierte und integrierte Optimierung aller Überlegungen zum Entwurf in einem frühen Stadium führt zu großen Einsparungen am Flugzeugprojekt und minimiert die Lebenszykluskosten. Im Bewusstsein der kritischen Bedeutung eines starken Fundaments, auf dem die umweltfreundlichen Flugzeugkonfigurationen der nächsten Generation aufbauen können, finanzierte die EU das Projekt "AERODESIGN - Preliminary design methodologies" (AERODESIGN). Hauptziel war die Bereitstellung eines umfassenden Modellierungsinstruments für die besten und kostengünstigsten vorläufigen Entwürfe. Das Werkzeug wird durch eine komplette Datenbank der existierenden Flugzeugmodelle und validierte Ergebnisse unterstützt. Der Flugzeugentwurf wird auf Grundlage der sich verändernden Form der Auftriebsflächen optimiert, die eingegeben werden. Der Entwurf startet mit dem Initiator, der aus den Flugzeuganforderungen und der Datenbank der Referenzflugzeuge eine allgemeine Flugzeugarchitektur erstellt. Beginnend bei diesem Ausgangspunkt realisiert das Rahmenwerk die Fortsetzung über acht verschiedene Module. Das Geometriemodul bestimmt auf Basis der vorläufigen Konfiguration den Aufbau des Flugzeugs und erzeugt eine CAD-Geometriedatei (computergestütztes Entwerfen, Gestalten und Konstruieren, Computer-Aided Design). Das Gewichts- und Schwerpunktmodul legt dann die Gewichtsverteilung des Flugzeugs und dessen Schwerpunkt beim Be-/Entladen und Fliegen mit Treibstoffverbrauch fest. Nachfolgende Module berücksichtigen Aerodynamik, Motordaten (einschließlich Treibstoffverbrauch und Schubkraft), Mission and Low-Speed-Performance, direkte und wiederkehrende Kostenanalyse sowie Emissions- und Lärmanalysen. Der Nutzer kann die Auftriebsflächen gemäß einem der vier Zielparameter optimieren: maximales Abfluggewicht, Kosten, Lärm oder Emissionen. Sie alle sind wichtige Überlegungen innerhalb der ehrgeizigen Forschungsinitiative Clean Sky, welche die Umweltauswirkungen des Luftverkehrs abschwächen soll. Das Instrument für vorläufige Entwürfe von AERODESIGN wurde als eine leistungsstarke Plattform zur Optimierung von Luftfahrzeug-Konfigurationen in frühen Stadien validiert. Mit der ganzheitlichen Betrachtung der Gesamtleistung einschließlich der Kosten in diesem frühen Stadium wird man dazu beitragen, dass die EU eine umweltfreundliche und kosteneffiziente Flotte für den zukünftige Luftverkehr bereitstellen kann.

2015-07-23 12:28:34 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en 98069 255851 AERODESIGN de,en,es,fr,it,pl 870 FP7-JTI http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/index_en.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 13246 JTI-CS-2009-1-GRA-01-005 13241 JTI-CS-GRA-01 13240 JTI-CS-GRA 13202 JTI-CS 11928 SP1-JTI 870 FP7-JTI 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI en 159515 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam de en,any /docs/results/255/255851/final1-publishable-summary-aerodesign.pdf de de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-07/159515.jpg Portugal PT 427199016 en en 163789 291839-345-2 Executive Summary:The main objective of JPIs To Co-Work was to provide Joint Programming Initiatives (JPI), as transnational research programmes, with elements to better implement specific functions known as “Framework Conditions” (FC). FC as defined in the document...

Executive Summary: The main objective of JPIs To Co-Work was to provide Joint Programming Initiatives (JPI), as transnational research programmes, with elements to better implement specific functions known as “Framework Conditions” (FC). FC as defined in the document “Voluntary Guidelines on Framework Conditions for Joint Programming in Research 2010” include peer review, forward looking activities, evaluation of joint programmes, funding, dissemination and use of findings, and intellectual property rights. In a broader sense, we intended to promote the best contribution of JPIs to the priorities of the European Research Area within the strategy Europe 2020. JPIs To Co-Work has organized two types of activities: • One has been to review existing documents and experiences. • The second has been a process of exchange and mutual learning between all running JPIs. The project has provided a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices regarding FC that resulted in a process of mutual learning amongst JPIs. We tried to make our own contribution to a positive development of FC in all JPIs, and to support the research community (funding programme owners, research policy makers, researchers, stakeholders) with a common language and operational instruments regarding Joint Programming Initiatives. We included governance, ex-ante evaluation and innovation as additional topics in our work, as candidates to be added to the list of framework conditions for a complete joint programme development. For each Framework Condition we conducted desk work reviewing all available documents and experiences. A briefing paper was produced based on this review and circulated to attendees of workshops. During workshops we presented the review, and real examples and experiences. All workshops included a substantial part of group discussions. After the workshops a final report was written. The documents, workshop presentations and workshop reports can all be found at the webpage: http://www.jpis2cowork.eu/. We organised with the JPIs the exercise to joining efforts to address the evaluation. We meet in Brussels twice to develop a common strategy for evaluation, based on the document “Exploring collaboration for evaluating joint programming initiatives”. The opportunity to exchange ideas and experiences was very much appreciated by members of JPIs, underlying the idea that JPIs face many similar situations related to FC such as governance or funding. At the same time, the pace of implementation and relative importance of FCs can be rather different depending on the societal and scientific challenges they are addressing. JPIs to Co-Work has also shown that joint programming entails not only technical issues but also policy decisions, that make it necessary to connect national policy making with its transnational counterpart. Project Context and Objectives: The idea of a European Research Area (ERA) stressed the importance of overcoming the fragmentation of research activities, programmes and policies across Europe. It recognized the need of good coordination of research programmes and priorities, including a significant volume of jointly programmed public research investment at European level involving common priorities, coordinated implementation and joint evaluation. In July 2008, the European Commission launched its proposal with the Communication ‘Towards joint programming in research: Working together to tackle common challenges more effectively’ This proposal was welcomed by the Council, which agreed to launch the process, focused on those challenges which no Member State is capable of solving on its own . The Commission and Member States explored the potential of Joint Programming in research, and launched the first activities in this field by 2010. As Joint Programming Initiatives and other ERA initiatives (art. 185, Joint Technology Initiatives, ERA-nets) involve different institutions from different countries, with different procedures, the need of providing guidelines on the so called Framework Conditions (FC) to facilitate a harmonised planning and implementation of joint research programmes was stated at the beginning of the JPI process. Therefore the High Level Group for Joint programming (GPC), consisting of high-level representatives of Member States and Associated Countries developed the ‘Voluntary guidelines for Framework Conditions’ , published in November 2010. Ten JPIs are currently running at different stages of development. Therefore, there is a need and the opportunity to learn from each other exchanging knowledge and concerns. JPIs To Co Work could contribute to provide advice and to choose the best approaches to FCs helping to build a common language to further develop JPIs. It must be noted that the participants in this project and the Advisory Board members are involved in nine running JPIs. List of Beneficiaries: 1.- INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III ISCIII. Spain 2. - JOANNEUM RESEARCH FORSCHUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH POLICIES. Austria 3. - VETENSKAPSRADET - SWEDISH RESEARCH COUNCIL SRC. Sweden 5. - AIT AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GMBH. AIT Austria 7. - INSTYTUT PODSTAWOWYCH PROBLEMOW TECHNIKI POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK IPPT. Poland 8. - DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUER LUFT - UND RAUMFAHRT EV-DLR Germany 1.1 Objective: The objective of this project was to provide a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices, and implement a process of mutual learning amongst on-going and future Joint Programming Initiatives (JPIs) around the so-called Framework Conditions and the best contribution of JPIs to the European Research Area within the strategy Europe 2020. Framework Conditions were defined by the European Research Area Committee – Groupe de Programmation Conjointe - as essential functions to be addressed by JPI. They are: 1 Peer review procedures 2 Foresight activities 3 Evaluation of Joint Programming 4 Funding of cross-border research by national or regional authorities 5 Optimum dissemination and use of research findings 6 Protection, management and sharing of intellectual property right Additionally we included governance, ex-ante evaluation, and innovation as topics to be potentially added to the list of FC. The tasks of the project were basically • Analyse existing literature and experiences relative to FC • Prepare and hold the workshops on FC, providing there enough space for discussion and exchange of ideas, and trying to understand them from a strategic policy making perspective • Disseminate our findings amongst JPIs and GPC members 1.2 Work progress and achievements during the project: During the Project the main objectives of the project has been achieved. Through the four workshops we have made, we contributed to provide to the research community (funding programmes, researchers, stakeholders, research policy makers) a common language and operational instruments regarding Joint Programming initiatives. WP2 The specific objective in this WP was to contribute to the improvement of Foresight and Ex-ante evaluation activities of JPIs, and more specifically: • To provide materials, documents and case studies to further refine and improve Foresight activities of JPIs. • To provide materials, documents and case studies to select criteria and procedures for Ex-ante evaluation of JPIs. • To provide a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices, and mutual learning between JPIs regarding Foresight activities and Ex-ante evaluation. We have reviewed the most important principles to organize and implement a foresight exercise, and we introduced the topics of impact assessment and ex-ante evaluation as related to and enriching foresight. These last two methodologies provide the link between foresight in JPIs and foresight in European Commission policies. WP3 We introduced governance as a candidate topic to be included amongst framework conditions, and related it to evaluation. The objective was to contribute to the best Governance of JPIs and sound Evaluation principles and procedures, and more specifically: • To analyse and provide best practices on JPIs Governance. • To provide materials, documents and case studies to analyse evaluation including monitoring and ex-post evaluation, learning from experiences of JPIs so far and other ERA initiatives. • To provide a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices, and mutual learning between JPIs in relation to governance and evaluation. The introduction of governance along with the rest of framework conditions has been welcomed by the participants of the workshop and the final conference. The GPC announced in the final conference the intention to include governance in the discussions on joint programming. The proposal for a common evaluation framework for all JPIs has had also support from all JPIs. It was used to develop the evaluation plans in JPI Antimicrobial Resistance, and has been also used for FACCE, Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life, and More Years Better Lives. It was presented to the GPC which showed interest in learning about it. WP4 This WP tried to contribute to the improvement of Review, Funding and Management activities of JPIs linked not only to calls but to a whole range of different joint actions, and more specifically: • To provide materials, documents and case studies to further refine and improve review activities of JPIs and funding of joint actions. • To provide materials, documents and case studies to analyse funding mechanisms of cross border research, by national and regional programmes and governing structures and procedures of JPIs. • To provide a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices, and mutual learning between JPIs regarding Peer Review, Funding of cross border research and Governance issues if the calls. We defined a list of different potential joint actions of JPIs in addition to the more traditional competitive calls for transnational collaborative projects according to the model ERAnets. We also underlined the fact JPIs address societal challenges and therefore the traditional peer review model has to be widened to allow for stakeholders involvement. WP5 The objective of WP 5 was to contribute to the improvement of Dissemination, Innovation, Open Access policy and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and more specifically: • To provide materials, documents and case studies to further refine and improve Dissemination, Innovation and take up of research results and products. • To provide a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices, and mutual learning between JPIs regarding Dissemination and Innovation initiatives. • To provide materials and a forum for discussion to improve the use of intellectual property in JPIs. This work package showed the need to address dissemination and protection of IPR as depending on each other and both related to two more general goals, one being further research capacity building (dissemination and open access) and the other being innovation (IPR). We tried to analyse them from a strategic point of view, as essential tasks, and not only as lateral products. Project Results: The main S&T results of the project have been reflected in a Technical Annex to the Voluntary Guidelines. The technical annex summarizes the information and practices collected for the documents of each work package, and the discussions of the workshops. The Annex does not develop the Voluntary Guidelines in a strict sense. In fact, the Voluntary Guidelines go deeper in some topics than the Annex does. The Annex takes a more policy oriented perspective, and reflects the issues that draw more attention from the point of view of JPIs members. The Annex tries to point out those aspects of framework conditions that are more strategic or difficult to implement because of contextual factors. This Annex has been reviewed by the authors and by Kirsten Hollaender from DLR and Wolfgang Pol from Joanneum. Technical Annex to the Framework Conditions. Introduction. Carlos Segovia. This document is one of the outputs of the project JPIs To Co-Work funded by FP7. During thirty months the project has been working on the Framework Conditions (FC) defined in the document “Voluntary Guidelines on Framework Conditions for Joint Programming in Research” . The main objective of JPIs To Co-Work has been to provide JPIs with elements to better decide on the options they have to implement the Framework Conditions. JPIs To Co-Work has organized a process of mutual learning between all running JPIs. The project has provided a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices regarding FC that resulted in a process of mutual learning amongst JPIs. We tried to make our own contribution to a positive development of FC in all JPIs and ERA initiatives, and to support the research community (funding programmes, research policy makers, researchers, stakeholders) with a common language and operational instruments regarding Joint Programming initiatives. In a broader sense, we intended to promote the best contribution of JPIs to the ERA within the strategy Europe 2020. The methodology we have used was straightforward. For each Framework Condition we conducted desk work reviewing all available documents and experiences. A brief paper was produced based on this review and circulated to attendees of workshops. During workshops we presented the review, and real examples and experiences. All workshops included a substantial part of group discussions. After the workshops a final report was written. The documents, workshop presentations and workshop report can all be found at the webpage: http://www.jpis2cowork.eu/. We decided to include some topics in addition of the FC discussed in the “Voluntary Guidelines”. These topics were impact assessment and ex-ante evaluation, governance and innovation. They are included in this Technical Annex. The technical Annex. The objective of this technical annex is to guide the reader to select topics to reflect on when implementing a JPI, topics that we have concluded should not be overlooked. In some cases we even risk to propose specific perspectives to look at the topics at hand, perspectives we have learned thanks to the privileged position we have had collecting opinions of so many and so committed persons that are actively participating in JPIs. The Annex follows the structure followed by the project to review the FC. It begins addressing foresight, impact assessment and ex-ante evaluation. It continues with governance and (ex-post) evaluation of JPIs. Then it develops ideas on funding, including funding of JPIs administrative structures and funding of joint activities. It continues with the review of proposals and call management. The Annex addresses dissemination, protection of IPR and innovation as the final chapter. Integrating Framework Conditions. Framework Conditions – plus governance, impact assessment and ex-ante evaluation and innovation - are all functions that have to be addressed when implementing a Joint Programming Initiative (JPI). They relate to different managerial, administrative or even regulatory actions. The JPI is the programme that results from the combination of all these actions or ways in which a JPI addresses the FC. However, the FC are by no means a simple “recipe” to achieve a successful JPI. The FC play a subordinate role to Member States insights, approaches and expertise and can serve as additional instruments to facilitate JPI processes. To a certain extent, FC are dependent on each other. We can look at them as in a logic chain beginning in foresight, then governance, ex-ante impact assessment, call management, peer review, funding, dissemination and protection of intellectual property rights and finally evaluation. These steps cannot be taken in a strictly linear perspective, though. For instance, dissemination has to be included in the plans from the beginning, and of course when launching specific calls. Even more strategic is to design monitoring and evaluation just at the time we define the objectives of the JPI. Otherwise we can be tempted to propose goals that are too ambitious, or whose achievement cannot be verified, or that are too unspecific. Or if you postpone the design of the evaluation you may end up evaluating exactly what you did well. In the same vein, foresight not always precedes the governance structure. The selection of actors involved in boards determines the result of the foresight exercise, the scientific agenda and the funding. Foresight processes involving stakeholders rarely precedes the development of Strategic Research Agendas. The type of actors involved in stakeholder fora and the quality of the evidence base determines the result of the foresight exercise, and hence on the formulation of the strategic research agenda and of research topics. The transparency of the process can have a strong impact on the legitimacy of the outcome for policy makers, the researchers and other stakeholders across involved countries. A second way of looking at FC is considering them elements of a system. This means that while they are all working for the same goal, they are all linked and when you touch one of them you will move also something of the others. Although following the logic chain is useful to organize the work in consecutive steps, to analyse one FC at a time, the systems perspective counsels not to forget the influence of this FC in all the others. Framework Conditions as entry doors. The experience in ERA nets, JPIs and other European multinational collaborative actions has shown that a great degree of variability is possible. Variable geometry is the name we use for that. Member States (MS) can be only observers in a management board. They may participate in a call but not in the following. They can make contributions in different forms and quantities. They may support joint projects or align institutional agendas. They may open their market for researchers in variable degrees. Just as one MS can share 10% of its funding resources in a joint action of a JPI, it can also share only 15% of its information system. This is the current situation in 2014. A MS can join a JPI for the foresight exercise and use it to for its national programmes, and not participate in any other JPI activity for a time. Another MS can participate just in a couple of calls. The third way of looking at FC is consequently as dimensions in which the growth of JPIs can be observed. MS can approach a JPI preferably through some of these dimensions and gradually engage themselves in others. Recommendations for Foresight and Ex-ante Assessment. Klaus Kubeczko. Forward Looking Activities and Foresight Processes. Many member states have their own instruments and expertise on to conduct foresight and to develop Strategic Research Agendas which serves the needs of the national level of RTI policy making. Hence, processes and methodologies might be quite different hindering the trans-national joint programming activities and making them inefficient. Therefore this technical annex intends to provide a framework that can be applied in the context of trans-national programming fostering coordination of the European Research Area. The following question will be addressed: What are the outcomes of Foresight Exercises? How to implement Foresight in JPIs? Who can help, if JPIs’ ask for support for their activities? What are the outcomes of Foresight Exercises? A Foresight exercise produces formal and informal outcomes. While formal outcomes are incorporated into products and deliverables, informal outcomes derive from the foresight process itself. Foresight often has more than one outcome. • Foresight activities can align national strategies and the formation of loose networks of yet unconnected areas and disciplines. This might lead to better solutions for tackling the societal challenges addressed by JPIs. • Megatrends studies or roadmaps can feed into strategic research agendas with formal and tangible outcomes. • Foresight foster networking in the coordination of the trans-national initiative, as they can support and legitimise JPI’s activities and agendas and hence also help to institutionalise this new network of ministries and agencies involved. • Another intangible outcome of networking can be the linking of previously unconnected stakeholders, both at the level of trans-national coordination as well as on the level of experts. The following table gives an overview of various outcomes which can be expected: Outcomes of Foresight Exercises Activities Tangible outcomes Intangible outcomes Formalisation Report, book Dissemination Workshops, newsletters, press articles, web sites Results and evaluation circulating within networks Networking Institutionalisation of networks Development of new networks or new links within existing ones Strategic process Formal incorporation of results within strategic processes Informal incorporation of results within strategic processes Source: European Foresight Platform For further reading please see: http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/foresightguide/practicing-foresight-taking-stock-and-advancing-knowledge/why-do-foresight/outcomes/ http://innovation-policy.org.uk/compendium/section/Default.aspx?topicid=31&sectionid=155 How to implement Foresight in JPIs? For a successful Foresight Process to be implemented, the pre-foresight preparatory phase very much decides about success or failure, both with respect to a) formal outcomes, which in most cases is to contribute to the formulation of the Strategic Research Agenda, as well as for b) building genuine stakeholder commitment to action. Preparing the foresight. The following Pre-Foresight Checklists outlines the key steps that have to be taken into account when setting up a Foresight Process. • Assess feasibility: Before starting, it is important to ask if foresight is the right approach and to analyse the context and positioning. In this phase the organisers evaluate whether a foresight exercise is appropriate given the context and whether it will be able to yield valuable impacts. • Scope the exercise: Once the formal decision to start a foresight has been taken, this step is about designing the process, where the main structural decisions are discussed and taken. Scoping decisions have to be taken with respect to: a. Focus - define the topic b. Scope - define the limits of the topic c. Objectives - define what for are you performing foresight (thinking the future, debating the future, shaping the future) d. Outcomes - define what do you expect from it e. Users - describe who will use the results and how this relates to societal challenges f. Time horizon - define how far do you want to extend your exercise • Involve experts and societal stakeholders: A further step is deciding on the level of participation of experts and stakeholders. Relevant stakeholder groups have to be selected and an appropriate set of stakeholders identified. Involving experts and stakeholders needs to take into account: a. the kind of experts (researchers, practitioners) to be included, b. how many should be included, c. from which disciplines and proficiencies should they come, and what level of specialisation, and the capacity to work in interdisciplinary context (broad overview, innovative, strong specialisation). Doing foresight. • Choose methodologies and techniques: The next step is defining the methodological framework (e.g. scenario development, technology assessments, sustainability assessments, forecasting...) and choosing the actual techniques depending on the aim and requirement of stakeholder participation. Devising the methodology is effectively an element of the broader scoping phase. As methodological choices are crucial and complex they deserve deeper focus and a dedicated step. For choosing the methods it is important to understand the differences between qualitative vs. quantitative methods, predictive vs. non-predictive methods, and exploratory (exploring the future under a number of assumptions) vs. normative methods (how to achieve a specific future). A broad range of well-established foresight techniques and communication tools can be used in foresight processes. As there hardly exist tailor made tools and processes for the purposes of JPIs, tailoring of foresights is of paramount importance and can draw on tested tools and standardised techniques. A wide variety of techniques has been developed over several decades, such as Back casting, Brainstorming, Causal layered analysis, Delphi, Dialogue, Driver analysis, Folksonomies, Gaming, Integrated sustainability assessment, multi criteria assessments, Issues trees, Modelling and simulation, Narrative, Plausibility matrix, Reverse engineering, Review of abstracts, Roadmaps, Scenarios, Seven questions, State of science reviews, STEEP, Systems maps, The Fifth scenario, Trend analysis, Visioning, Windtunneling ... • Filter the appropriate techniques considering the following criteria: a. relationship of techniques to the phases of the process (exploratory, normative). b. relationship of techniques to the stages of the process c. relative amount of expertise that each technique calls for d. relative time horizon that you are considering e. degree of stakeholder and expert involvement For further reading please see: • http://hsctoolkit.bis.gov.uk/The-tools.html, • http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/foresightguide/practicing-foresight-taking-stock-and-advancing-knowledge/how/methodology/main-methods/ • http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/foresightguide/practicing-foresight-taking-stock-and-advancing-knowledge/why-do-foresight/limitations/ • http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/foresightguide/practicing-foresight-taking-stock-and-advancing-knowledge/how/ • http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/foresightguide/practicing-foresight-taking-stock-and-advancing-knowledge/how/methodology/main-methods/ Who can help? JPIs are advised to take advantage of expertise and resources for conducting forward looking activities and foresight processes. Information is available from several websites and expert organisations. As the same solutions for all are not possible, training and support in the pre-foresight phase for those responsible for foresight and the development of a Strategic Research Agenda could be ways of transferring knowledge (e.g. member organisations of the European Foresight Platform provide training courses). There is a well-established broad range of methods, process designs and databases available in some countries and at EU level such as: • European Foresight Platform – EFP The European Foresight Platform (EFP) is a network building program supported by the European Commission’s (FP 7). It aims at building a global network of networks bringing together different communities and individual professionals to share their knowledge about foresight, forecasting and other future studies methods. On the EFP website (http://www.foresight-platform.eu/) you find o information about current and past foresight projects (http://www.foresight-platform.eu/briefs-resources) (http://www.mappingforesight.eu/), o Conferences, workshops and future studies information for policy makers, practitioners and beginners (http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/foresightguide/foresight-training/), cf. the successor of the well-known ForLearn foresight guide. o Trainings are available both online and through seminars from research organisations; universities and private firms (see http://www.foresight-platform.eu/community/education-sites/). • The FOR-LEARN Online Foresight Guide It not only describes individual methods but also gives advice on how to set-up a foresight exercise and process. (http://forlearn.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.htm) • UK Foresight (http://www.bis.gov.uk/foresight) • Foresight's Horizon Scanning Centre Tools for strategic thinking developed by the Foresight's Horizon Scanning Centre: http://www.bis.gov.uk/foresight/our-work/horizon-scanning-centre/good-practice/toolkit • Horizon Scanning Toolkit (http://www.bis.gov.uk/foresight/) • Sigma Scan (http://www.sigmascan.org/Live/) The Sigma Scan is a searchable set of 256 brief papers exploring potential future issues and trends over the next 50 years which may have an impact on UK public policy. The papers cover a wide range of subjects, from climate science to social science, space exploration, economics and human rights Ex-Ante Assessment of a Joint Programming Initiative Ex-ante assessment can have two different functions for Joint Programming Initiatives. The first function is to inform policy makers about the expected societal value of an intended policy initiative by the JPI in order to provide ex-ante legitimacy to the decision making process. Most often the term used is Impact Assessment. The second function is to allow for policy learning and to set the grounds for a monitoring and evaluation framework for the JPI. This is mostly referred to as Ex-ante Evaluation. As Impact Assessments have already been provided in the early phase of decision about which JPIs to select, Ex-ante Evaluation can be linked to it. As societal challenges are involved, it is increasingly important to involve stakeholders in ex-ante assessments. Foresight can be particularly supportive to integrate stakeholders into the process of defining an intervention-logic of the research or innovation program, to provide an evidence base for a joint understanding of the program goals, and to clarify basic assumptions underlying the selection of criteria and indicators. The following table summarises the main characteristics of both impact assessment and ex-ante evaluation: Comparing impact assessment and ex-ante evaluation Impact assessment Ex-ante evaluation Supporting ? Strategic decision making ? Policy or programme selection ? Policy learning Purpose ? Legitimation ? Shared understanding of agents involved ? Set the basis for monitoring and ex-post evaluation Already defined ? A societal challenge addressed by the JPI ? A programme or policy of the JPI Process ? Analyse societal value of programmes ? Analyse causal paths To be defined ? Programme or policy options ? Describe the assumptions underlying the intervention logic of the proposed interventions in the programme: causal paths linking interventions and activities with expected outcomes; basic assumptions in terms of expectation about developments of relevant framework conditions; criteria and indicators for evaluation Outputs ? Expected societal impact of different policies to address a societal challenge ? Monitoring and evaluation framework for interim and ex-post evaluation Recommendations for Governance. Jacek Gierlinski, Anna Pytko, Ewa Szkiladz, Carlos Segovia. Governance is the function of selecting and involving the actors contributing to Joint Programming Initiatives (JPIs), and setting up the rules and procedures and using them to make this involvement constructive for the purposes of JPIs. Because JPIs are intended to develop research capacity necessary to address the Grand Societal Challenges through coordination of national research programmes, governance is primarily and most importantly about rules and procedures that facilitate this coordination. Best practices of governance of JPIs should address the following issues: • The mandate of JPI governing bodies • The balance between objectives, capabilities and responsibilities in JPI’s governing structure. • Lessons emerging from the best practices of conventional project or programme management. • Relations between different JPI’s governance bodies, such as Management Board, Steering Committee, Scientific Advisory Board, Stakeholders Advisory Board. • Fair involvement opportunities within JPIs for all Member States so as to use all available capacities. How to organize governance in JPIs. • Keep the strategic role of Governance always in mind. Governance is on the base of policy making, putting the right incentives for research performance and promoting innovation. Governance structure and procedures guide the approach to framework conditions. The members, structure and procedures of governing bodies determines: a. The scope and quality of foresight. b. The quality of review processes (peer review and suitable review methods for societal relevance) by providing access to greater pools of reviewers and best practices across Europe, plus the development of new approaches to address societal relevance. c. May facilitate avoiding unnecessary duplications and covering gaps as members share information at European level. d. Promotion of synergies, specialization according to the information at hand. e. Widest dissemination of research outputs. • Define some general values for the JPI. Values such as always working for win-win solutions, co-ownership, and fair play principles may be of help guiding the JPI. Build mutual trust. • Select a structure. Most international programmes in European context have a Management Board (MB) and a Scientific Advisory Board (SAB). Having to address a challenge that is defined in societal terms, all JPIs have also a Stakeholders Advisory Board (SHAB). Additionally, consider advantages and disadvantages of forming a Steering Committee that follows activities closer and more frequently than the MB. Define the most suitable profile for country representatives for the MB (programme owners), as well as best profiles for SAB and SHAB members. Finally design a secretariat to provide administrative and managerial support. • Try to limit bias. It is important that all those concerned by the societal challenge are present in the JPI and ideally contributing with their own resources and capabilities. The type of countries present in the MB of a JPI may frame the scientific agendas and the scientific questions to be resolved. The same is valid for members of the SAB and SHAB. • Form multi- and trans-disciplinary advisory boards. Given the multidimensional characteristics of societal challenges, build multi- and trans-disciplinary SAB and SHAB. • Use variable geometry and promote smart specialization. Allow for different degrees and modalities of involvement of countries in a JPI. Building on mutual trust, promote smart specialization. If countries feel confident that they can benefit from the research performed by others, while they can contribute with their own specialized research in return, they may be more determined towards specialization within the ERA. And higher specialization and concentration of critical mass will increase scientific productivity and returns to investments. • Share information. In order for JPIs to take informed and effective decisions, such as avoiding unnecessary duplications, covering gaps, or facilitating smart specialization - and including monitoring and evaluation of the JPI itself - JPIs need to manage European wide information. The JPI should consider: o Periodically mapping research done acrooss Europe or at least in participating countries. o Regularly sharing the databases on research funded by national agencies, which may additionally require o Adapting national data bases to a common language and common research classification system. • Organize the coordination with other initiatives where relevant and feasible. This includes for instance ERANETs in the same or related field, other JPIs, Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI), Article 185 programmes, H2020, and European Research Infrastructure Consortia (ERIC). • Analyse opportunities for collaboration. Different JPIs may benefit from collaboration or centralization of certain common procedures and activities. Common structures could be in charge of organizing for instance review procedures for all JPIs, or common secretariat services could be provided. • Encourage national coherence towards JPIs. Several countries are participating in many JPIs, and it would make sense for them to have a national general policy for all JPIs, whilst considering the different challenges the JPI respond to and their different points of departure. This would help researchers understanding these policies and provide them with a degree of predictability of future activities. • Decide on going international. Analyse advantages and disadvantages of involving countries outside Europe Expected output of good governance. • Mutual trust. Sound governing has to build mutual trust, which in turn is necessary to open national programmes and allow them to be mutually interdependent. • Best quality, smooth and timely operations. Good governance will facilitate the best available expertise to address framework conditions and other relevant decisions. Good governance should provide the necessary forum for all agents involved to share information and reach common understanding of issues at stake. It should facilitate decisions for joint activities and smooth implementation. Recommendations for Evaluation. Jacek Gierlinski, Anna Pytko, Ewa Szkiladz, Carlos Segovia. Evaluation can take different forms. It may assess whether a JPI has met its goals and also unintended consequences, and what are the reasons that explain these results (summative approach). On the other hand it can take a formative approach. At this stage for most JPIs a summative evaluation approach would be premature. Criteria and indicators should essentially help in a formative approach to improve current practice and pave the way for a collective learning process. JPI share similarities in formats and instruments for governance, strategic planning and implementation. But they respond to fundamentally different challenges related to the specificities of the scientific and political environment they operate in. Hence, even though the set-up of the political process of the JPIs seem to bear many resemblances prima facie, they do actually differ to a large degree in terms of what exactly they aim to achieve. Self-assessment would need to be sensitive to these different contexts and identify JPIs specific objectives and points of departure. It would require a careful approach to find the right balance between comparability of outcomes and doing justice to the individual features of each JPI. There are three levels of analysis for the evaluation of JPIs: a. Research projects and activities; b. The complete JPI as a programme implemented to address a target challenge; c. The Joint Programming concept, as an effective way for cross-border collaboration. This technical annex covers the first two levels, being the first included as an element of the second. This means that the following is referred to the self-evaluation any JPI can do. In the other hand, these two levels of evaluation are a basic input for the evaluation of the Joint Programming concept. Some assumptions. The table below is proposed to organize the framework for the evaluation of any JPI. It is based on the assumption that JPIs have to perform three basic functions: A. Governing research policy making, B. Governing (guiding, incentivize) research and implementation performance C. Involving stakeholders to ensure responsiveness to societal needs and innovation. Stakeholder involvement should occur on all levels and particularly be reflected on the level of research programme and project design. There should also be a formal approach to stakeholder involvement, e. g. integrated in evaluation procedures. The assumption includes the idea that it aims to be exhaustive, any activity or element of a JPI may be included in one of the three functions. The information about these three functions is classified either as structure, process or outcome information. The table provides the intervention logic of a JPI. The content of each cell is proposed following the priorities of the ERA and the framework conditions. Framework for the evaluation of a JPI Governing policy making Governing research performance Stakeholders involvement Structure ? Societal challenge ? JPI’s structures and procedures ? Existing funding quantity & type ? Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) ? Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) ? Stakeholders Advisory Board (SHAB) Process ? Decision making ? Leadership ? External relations ? Peer review ? Coordination of funding and agendas at EU level ? Mobility of researchers ? Plans for SRA ? Improving research capacities ? Use of Open Access ? Input of SHAB ? IPR procedures for exploitation Outcome ? Satisfaction of Management Board (MB), SAB, SHAB and continuity of their commitment ? Scientific productivity ? Products, tools, devices, policy options ? Innovation in products, tools, procedures and policies How to do self-evaluation of a JPI. Achieving societal impact is the key delivery of the joint programming process and the JPIs. JPIs focus on societal challenges and combine scientific quality with societal relevance and societal impact. This requires new approaches to evaluation and careful consideration of criteria for success, which need further development. Evaluations need to acknowledge JPIs as on-going processes and collective learning experience aimed at both, scientifically reliable and socially valuable knowledge. • Complete the above table with the additional elements needed in a specific JPI: o Identify additional elements not included in the table. These additional elements may be determined by the evolution and maturity of the JPI. o Classify them in the dimension of governing policy making, guiding research performance or stakeholder’s involvement. o Classify additional elements also as pertaining to structure, process or outcome. • Specify desirable characteristics of the elements to be evaluated as quality criteria. Define when they should be considered satisfactory. • Decide how to measure whether the criteria are met, defining indicators. • Identify the sources of information to obtain the values of the indicators. Usually interviews, surveys, review of documents or data bases. • Set up the mechanisms to have the needed relevant and reliable information in time. The JPI has to develop its own information system for monitoring and evaluation purposes that allow for decision making. Information should be reliable and be available in time. Information about national programmes in the same field is needed to be able to assess the added value of the JPI (See above in “Governance”). Specify a distinction between monitoring and evaluation as appropriate. While evaluation includes all relevant criteria and indicators, monitoring would include only those providing added value at a given moment in time. Expected output of self-evaluation. • Policy learning. The parties interested in a JPI evaluation include the Commission and the Council at the EU level, national ministries and funding agencies at the participating countries level and the GPC and Management Board at the activity level. On the basis of the evaluation these stakeholders will draw conclusions towards policy learning. • Legitimation of the JPI. o Demonstrate added value The output at the research level should provide information to what extent the JPI has boosted the scientific productivity and societal relevance of research related to the grand societal challenge of the JPI as compared to not having a JPI. o Show effectiveness. Information on how the progress in the specific research domain results in associated progress against the grand societal challenge. o Demonstration of a clear link from research to innovation, and also wider complementary actions such as sectorial regulations and policy measures. From the stakeholders’ perspective it is important that the JPI discovers new tools, products or procedures that offer greater value for the same cost or same value for less cost. It is also important to secure stakeholder’s involvement (notably the industry) or even active participation in research activities. This would help the stakeholders to benefit from the knowledge transfer as well as facilitate the future use of research in order to respond to the societal challenge. Recommendations for Funding. Michael Dinges, Susanne Meyer. JPIs need to create a critical mass of joint actions (i.e. pooling and leveraging financial, institutional and human resources in participating countries). Therefore, next to the alignment of national policies the development of corresponding funding models for the strategic management and programming activities (i.e. their management structures) and the joint research activities of JPIs are important. JPIs need to mobilise funding and exchange to ensure actions of JPIs to be impacting, and all funding mechanisms and instruments need to go along with a certain degree of stability. This includes programmes at Member State level and at European level. Given the limits on H2020 and other European budget lines, it is increasingly clear that the approach towards joint research programmes is aligning national programmes and funding. JPIs expand beyond joint call management and joint calls are considered only one amongst many other ways of mutually beneficial collaboration. In the following, we highlight critical issues and options for framing sustainable funding systems of JPIs for funding of a) strategic and management actions and b) joint actions. Funding of strategic and management actions. How to do it. • Choose the desired combination of funding from a Coordination and Support Action (CSA) and contribution of MB member organizations. The table below synthesises these basic options for funding strategic management activities. Most JPIs use a combination of CSA funds and national contributions, mostly in-kind, to maintain strategic and management activities. • Choose the adequate balance between cash and in-kind national contributions. The contribution of MB members is always in-kind. Added to it, countries may contribute either in cash by fees or providing in-kind services. Fees may represent an administrative difficulty as compared to in-kind contributions in some cases. In the other hand, in-kind contributions may draw the attention of MB members towards operational and administrative duties and to some extent distract them from strategic issues. • Plan for sustainability. The chosen balance between CSA and national funding has to take into account how to address sustainability, depending on the chances to get continuous H2020 support. Implicit in this plan is the right dimension of the JPIs secretariat. Funding of strategic and management actions Option Benefits Challenges Coordination and Support Actions funded by H2020 ? Project structure with liability and control mechanisms ensured by EC/H2020 regulations. ? Tasks and responsibilities of partners regulated by project contract. ? Involvement of partners regulated by proposal preparation ? Potentially limited actions by Member States to take over responsibilities for JPI development. ? High transaction costs through involvement of many partners ? Options for setting up physical management agencies and delegation to national agencies might be limited ? Sustainability after CSA. Re-circling: Use national funding to finance strategic management activities of JPIs ? Commitment of Member States visible through financial contributions and hence easy identification of core actors. ? Flexibility in management of strategic activities ? Mechanisms for partner involvement need to be negotiated. Duties & rights of Member States have to be defined. ? Regulations considering in-kind contributions have to be taken into account. • Choose an organization model Organization models are related to funding modalities. National contributions by fees are compatible with the delegation to a national agency, with the creation of a new legal entity or with outsourcing to an existing multinational agency. The following table shows three options with associated benefits and challenges. Organization of strategic and management actions Option Benefits Challenges Delegation to a national agency – single point of contact ? Use of existing agencies may save costs. ? Routines & knowledge of national agencies can be utilized. ? Neutrality of national agency might be questioned due to prevailing national interest. ? Limited involvement of many partners. ? Performance contracts between agency and JPIs need to be developed. Creation of a new legal entity or delegation to a multinational agency ? Increased visibility through new corporate identity. ? Relative independence vis a vis national stakeholders. ? Yet another programme management authority. ? Increased complexity of funding systems. ? Performance contracts between agency and JPIs need to be developed Virtual management agencies - organisation by group of agencies / organisations ? Member States can flexible contribute according to their capabilities in terms of financial and in-kind contributions. ? Light structures and limited financial cross-border flows necessary. ? High organisational transaction costs. ? Responsibilities & duties have to be negotiated across many Member States. ? Lower visibility. • Explore collaboration in the case of outsourcing or creation of new entities. Several JPIs may benefit from jointly delegating some administrative and management tasks, such as organizing meetings, organizing calls or disseminating results, to the same entity. This would provide economies of scale, avoid low activity periods, and more homogeneous procedures. Expected output of funding strategic and management actions. • Availability of necessary resources to conduct strategic and managerial tasks. • Commitment of MB members and corresponding governments, which favours sustainability. • Sustainability plans. Funding of Joint Actions. How to do it. • Revisit the Strategic Research Agenda and the annual action plan. • Define the actions to be implemented by the JPIs such as: a. Joint research actions, b. Cross border mobility and training of human resources, c. Knowledge sharing activities, d. Network activities, e. Use of Joint Research Infrastructures, f. Alignment of policies and programmes, and g. International outreach activities. • Set up multi-annual funding plans for these actions, defining how challenges are going to be approached by the JPI. The table below specifies some of the issues to be addressed. Establishing funding plans for a JPI Issue Specification Budget needs ? Consider how much funding has to be provided for a multi-annual funding plan in order to effectively implement the Joint Action. ? Detail minimum and maximum budgets and state the desired impact to be achieved. This provides realistic expectations on the achievable impacts of Joint Actions. Ensure a budget size enough for activities to encounter the addressed grand challenge by JPIs. Sources of funding & funding sustainability ? Detail which sources are going to be used and elaborate plans on how sustainability of funding sources can be reached. Most likely, numerous funding sources from various actors will have to be used for implementing the Joint Actions. ? Exemplify the use of instruments of Horizon2020, national programmes, funding from industry members, institutional funding of ministries, etc. ? Elaborate plans and procedures which ensure commitment of countries in terms of sustainability. This includes, for example, specifications for embedding the SRA in the national research landscape in order to better start off with joint actions. Spending priorities ? Define efforts and costs accrue for setting up the Joint Action and the amount of budget to be spent on performing the Joint Action. ? Specify the purpose of the funding at the level of Joint Actions. Funding conditions ? Reach an agreement amongst JPI participants on how far alignment of funding conditions should be achieved (development and implementation of joint conditions, lead agency procedure, development of new agency). • Consider the following questions to determine the best funding model: Best funding models Issue Specification Actors to be involved ? Specify type and numbers of actors to be involved in joint actions. Type of actors may include funding owners, policy makers, programme managers, research performers and other stakeholders. ? Funding rules and incentives must be developed in accordance with the actors´ needs. Type of investment needed ? Funding may be invested primarily in form of institutional funding or project funding (tenders, calls, or free proposals) or a combination of both. Competitive procedures ? Funding for actions may be provided in competitive or non-competitive manner. ? In particular actions pooling use of large infrastructures may not rely predominantly on competitive funding. Cross Border Mobility of Funding ? Cross-border mobility of funding might be more or less relevant depending on the specific actions. ? Appropriate approaches need to be designed (e.g. money follows people, money follows research activity). Adaptation of funding conditions ? Funding conditions may have to be adapted for different target groups (universities, RTOs, enterprises, cities, NGOs etc.). The table above indicatively highlights issues that need to be considered for designing Joint Actions and may have a considerable impact on funding modalities and long-term planning of the Joint Actions. • Strengthen the link between funding and added value. Try to get a common minimum set of mutual compatibility conditions of national programmes in all activities possible: evaluation of proposals, selection and reporting procedures, agreement on principles, mutual recognition of procedures, common processes and agendas. o Make a clear distinction between these activities and funding. o Then analyze whether the current link between these activities (evaluation of proposals, selection, and mutual recognition of procedures or common agendas) and funding decisions is the best. o Associate funding decisions to the best available modality of implementation of these activities. • Promote agreements on common funding and other framework conditions across JPIs to ensure coherence. JPIs need to define joint framework conditions for funding of all of their activities and approaches need to be harmonised across JPIs in order to ensure easy accessibility for new entrants. • Promote national programmes coherence on funding modalities towards all JPIs. Expected output of funding joint actions • Achieving critical mass by supporting collaboration of all existing capacities. • Achieving highest excellence by mobilizing the best scientific capabilities across Europe. • Highest effectiveness against societal challenge by prioritizing those actions that focus on the challenge regardless of internal borders between countries, agencies or procedures. • Improving cost-effectiveness by providing best results at any given investment level o Avoiding unnecessary duplications. o Covering gaps. Recommendations for Call Management and Peer Review. Michael Dinges, Susanne Meyer. How to do it in a JPI. • Clarify the difference between peer review and funding as linked but clearly different processes. Peer review is seen to be “at the heart of any excellence-based research policy and practice” as it informs the decisions on which researchers will be funded and needs to be accompanied by suitable review of societal relevance. However, peer review and funding are clearly different activities. Therefore funding has to be linked to the results of peer review, but the latter can be provided by a variety of agencies the funders may choose from. Hence, JPIs need to develop measures to utilise existing capacities and make best use of established practices and competencies of existing expert organisations. • Tailor review to the JPI. JPIs should not underestimate their peculiarities. JPIs encounter societal challenges by construction. Inter- and trans-disciplinary research is therefore one of the key challenges of JPIs. Inter- and trans-disciplinary character of JPIs should be reflected in Joint Actions and considered in the proposals selection processes and criteria. Major peculiarities of JPIs are: 1. Involvement of many countries and partly large projects. 2. Inter- and trans-disciplinary nature. 3. Encounter of societal challenges (problem orientation): excellence vs. relevance approach. 4. Uptake and innovation: User involvement, knowledge transfer, uptake of research results, innovations. • Analyse the following topics of specific interest for JPIs, to be considered in the call management / review process of Joint Actions: Selection criteria for proposals ? Harmonize selection criteria for all JPI proposers. Avoid specific national criteria for project partners as this may distort the ranking of proposals. ? Consider the core evaluation criteria mentioned in the ESF guideline: a. Relevance and expected impacts (driven by programme policy), b. Scientific quality and societal relevance of the proposed research, c. Research team / qualification of the applicants, d. Research environment. ? Tailor selection criteria beyond core criteria towards the needs and objectives of the calls, e.g.: a. The potential impacts and value to user communities, b. The involvement of stakeholder communities, c. Interdisciplinary and cross sectorial collaboration. ? Specify the relevance of certain criteria beyond scientific excellence, e.g. with weights: a. How important is the existence of sustainability plans? b. How important are models for ensuring science-society interactions? c. How important are knowledge diffusion measures? d. How important is the expected social or economic impact? Diffusion and implementation ? Integrate mechanisms into the call management procedures which ensure that plans for diffusion and implementation as well as integration of relevant societal stakeholders are considered in joint activities funded by JPIs ? Selection processes need to carefully consider inter- and trans-disciplinary approaches as well as plans for uptake and diffusion: o Provision of clear advice for proposers and reviewers on the balance between scientific excellence and relevance of proposals. o Provision of clear advice on relevance of diffusion and implementation of measures. General quality criteria ? Integrate mechanisms into the call management procedures which ensure that the following issues are addressed: a. Respect for ethical principles on research performance b. Gender equality or gender relevance in the subject at study c. Open access to data bases Selection of reviewers ? Organize review : o Use of external or individual remote reviewers who assess proposals on their own and separately from other reviewers who may look at the same proposals. o Use of mixed review panels who will collectively discuss and evaluate groups of proposals. The main function of the panel is to evaluate and consolidate external assessments by experts on a group of competing proposals and to rank or prioritise them based on clear and stated criteria and parameters. The review panel’s contributions are normally needed within the last phase of the peer review when final decisions are made. ? Identify types of experts needed/mix of expert panels : o Adjust review panels and peer review procedures to the specificities of joint research actions to be carried out by JPIs o Use a pool of experts, clustered according to a multi-level scientific classification system. Alternatively, consider matching keywords between proposals and reviewers profiles. ? Decide on the degree of expertise you need in a specialty field (i.e. including specialist and generalist or interdisciplinary panellists). o Interdisciplinary panellists are capable of understanding, judging and comparing a wide variety of proposals without having fully developed expertise on the subject matters. o High overlap in disciplinary panels may induce a relatively tight disciplinary control between participants. o A multidisciplinary design in turn, seems to create a shared sense among panellists that they are accountable for their judgements to a number of different disciplinary communities o The extent to which panellists hold themselves accountable to each other for their evaluative behaviours important for the peer review process. Connections and responsibilities of agencies ? Establish appropriate means/mechanisms to connect funding owners and managers from different nations and backgrounds. Detail tasks and responsibilities. ? Detail criteria to be applied for selection of reviewers ? Provide homogenous briefings for remote reviewers and panellists, in order to ensure that specificities of JPI actions are taken into account. ? Establish means that calls reach the appropriate communities and consider a timing which allows also stakeholders whose work is mainly research to respond to calls. ? Detail conflict resolution mechanisms. Consider usability for monitoring and evaluation purposes ? Establish Joint project databases which provide a good baseline for respective monitoring and evaluation activities. ? These databases should at least include detailed information on a) Partner details active in a project (type of partner, role of partner, etc.), b) Project facts (duration, funding per partner, funding per type of activity etc.), and c) A limited number of key performance indicators mirroring performance of projects in reviews and potentials for up-take and impacts of projects). Expected output of call management and peer review and review of societal relevance in JPIs. • Focused research with the required inter- and trans-disciplinary approach. • Best peer review available: o Greatest pool of reviewers. o Best expertise. • Higher societal relevance of research. • Greater consistency with ERA objectives. • Monitoring capacity at European level. Who can help? The project JPIs2CoWork has shown that a lot of experience exists regarding the implementation of peer review procedures among JPI Member States and at European level, which JPIs could more extensively use. Peer review expert organisations and national agencies and funding organisations have already gained experiences in managing joint calls with funding stemming from various national and international sources such as the ERA-Net activities. Also, tool-boxes and guidelines such as the European Peer Review Guide of the European Science Foundation (ESF) or the ERALEARN toolbox highlight major principles for adapting appropriate peer review mechanisms. What still needs more attention is the development of appropriate methods to review societal relevance. Recommendations for Dissemination and Intellectual Property Rights looking for Innovation. Barbara Ritz, Elisabeth Sjöstedt, Birgitta Myrman. Societal challenges are the main drivers in the JPIs. A JPI is not a research project or programme for networking and building new researcher communities. Dissemination and take-up of research results are therefore critical issues to be addressed, so as to ensure transparency, promote good science, engage society and raise public awareness. JPIs are refreshing opportunities to do things differently, and to show that there are other ways to handle knowledge transfer and spreading of research results. JPIs need to carefully consider how to handle issues like open access to data, dissemination of results to society, engaging industry, etc., in order to contribute to solve grand societal challenges. Setting up a knowledge management system. How to do it. Dissemination and the protection of intellectual property are better considered as parts of a knowledge management policy and system, that in turn is a piece of any policy aiming at promoting innovation. • Define a knowledge management system and policy. Describe the strategic relevance of managing knowledge and the results of research, by identifying: a. The societal needs. Who needs the results of research to address a societal problem or part of it. How can they use the results, what is the scope of action of all interested actors. What is the best way to transfer the knowledge that the JPI can provide so as to stimulate its use. b. How to Improve capacities for further research: Consider opening your knowledge to the research community. c. Explore whether this knowledge management system can be used for national programmes also. National programmes may use it to manage the results of their national research. • Identify those who need your knowledge, the stakeholders. Describe them as reliably as possible. Each has different needs and preferred ways of communication. Usually part of the following communities: a. Citizens b. Private companies of industry or services c. Public administration and policy makers, including those related to research d. Scientists and research institutions. • Use the Stakeholders Advisory Board. Ask the SHAB to provide information about the specific needs of all stakeholders (except scientists), and about the best channels and modalities of communication. Ensure the involvement of the SHAB in the whole process of knowledge management, from the very beginning. • Design and implement a knowledge management plan. Tailor the plan to the needs and communication channels of groups of stakeholders. The plan should include: o requiring specific activities to be included in all projects o specifying activities at central level of the whole JPI o specifying conditions for national programmes to join the plan. • Set up an Open Access policy. o Define procedures to use Open Access in all publications of research funded by the JPI, to be included in the funding agreements of any activity. o Include recommendations regarding the license of the data published. Licences can contain clauses that also require citation of the underlying research. Data issues that may violate personal integrity (registry data, etc.) must also be considered. An OA policy on research data must be formulated in such a way that there is room for exceptions for such data. o Set up a JPI repository of documents and publications. o Use the OpenAire infrastructure or validate the JPI repository . o Consider Open Access to data bases and use embargo periods as appropriate. • Set up a policy for intellectual property (see below) as part of the integrated knowledge management plan. Expected output of managing knowledge. • Increasing the likelihood that research results are used by stakeholders o Promoting social innovation o Promoting evidence based policy making o Facilitating innovation of companies. • Increasing the research capabilities by: o facilitating state-of-the-art knowledge o better and more intensive use of data bases o facilitating the avoidance of unnecessary research o increasing the leadership of the JPI in the field. Protecting Intellectual Property rights. An active and proactive approach to IP issues should be adopted from the beginning, to optimize the uptake of research results by the economy. In the last decades, the concept of intellectual property (IP) has been broadened to include business and investment tool besides its traditional legal purpose. Indeed, industry and academia are facing a new reality in terms of how to best integrate and optimize the application of IP to suit the demands of the knowledge economy. How to do it. • Define a JPI policy on intellectual property rights (IPR). A clear policy or strategy to connect research performance and the potential users of research results is to be defined in all JPIs to promote innovation. A common IPR policy should be debated early on. Since national laws as well as European laws apply (national patent and EU patent), the funders can decide to “go a specific way” when doing the research and enter this into the agreements with the researchers. • Make the IPR policy compatible and coherent with the knowledge management policy. Open access has to be compatible with the protection of IPR. There must be a screening mechanism in place to select results that are to be protected. Silent periods may be needed before publication. Screening may be an activity delegated to researchers themselves or may be centrally organized. IPR policy should be part of the more general knowledge management policy. • Define a JPI policy to relate to private companies. A joint platform to expose a repository of patents and other protected intellectual properties should be set up. The platform should be the easiest way of finding an interesting output of research for any European company. Explore whether the platform could be useful to expose outputs from national programmes as well. Expected output. • Increased likelihood that research outputs are used by private companies (that as a consequence bring about new products or production procedures, finally providing new solutions for societal needs). • Greater interest of private investors in research. • Greater interest of publicly funded researchers on industrial needs. Potential Impact: The basic objectives of JPIs To Co-Work were: • provide a forum for discussion, exchange of experiences and best practices • implement a process of mutual learning amongst Joint Programming Initiatives (JPIs) around the so-called Framework Conditions • promote the contribution of JPIs to the European Research Area Forum for exchange. JPIs To Co-Work has organized six meetings in the 30 months of duration of the project. The first workshop included presentations of seven JPIs, the discussion of the results of a survey made intended to identify needs felt by JPIs related to the framework conditions, and some questions to be addressed by the project. Four thematic workshops followed, each focused on a couple of framework conditions. The mean of attendees in each has been around 45, and 25 of them have attended most workshops. They were members of the Management Boards of different JPIs, members of the GPC, members of the secretariats, partners of the project, advisors (including persons from IPTS, PLATFORM, and some JPIs), representatives of COST, scientists and the project officer. All workshops included group discussion for more than half of the schedule. The evaluations of the workshops showed that group discussion were most appreciated by attendees, and even more time for discussions was frequently demanded. The final conference was again an opportunity for discussions and exchange of experiences. It was attended by 70 people including members of all JPIs. The website http://www.jpis2cowork.eu/ has opened a page on best practices, including the framework for monitoring and evaluation of JPI AMR, recommendations of PLATFORM for call management, and procedures for the design and management of joint actions of JPI Oceans. Mutual learning. The workshops have provided as described above a unique opportunity for JPIs to learn from each other. JPND has presented its evaluation framework in a couple of opportunities during the project. The final conference included several sessions around the activities of JPIs. All of them made an update on their most recent developments. There was a specific session on best practices, with the presentations of FACCE about mapping, of JPND about the COEN initiative, and of HDHL about the knowledge hub DEDIPAC. We also had the opportunity to share the evaluation framework and discuss it thoroughly after the corresponding workshop. We met twice in Brussels with representatives of the ten JPIs with this objective. The framework was well taken and at least four JPIs asked for advice on their specific evaluation plans. FACCE invited the coordinator to discuss and advice on their own monitoring and evaluation plans in Copenhagen in August 2013. Contribution of JPIs to the ERA. The general perspective adopted by JPIs TO Co-Work has intended to be strategic in the sense of having in mind the survival of joint programming in the context of the ERA objectives. Optimal transnational cooperation and competition, more effective national research systems and optimal circulation, access to and transfer of scientific knowledge have been always in the background of the project. An initial document entitled "A functional approach to joint programming initiatives" setting some basic ideas was made open at the beginning of the project. It has been hit 1660 times in our website. The document presented the idea of defining research programme functions as governing policy making, governing scientific performance, and involving stakeholders, which was the base to later propose an evaluation framework. The document compared JPI with ERAnets and Art. 185 initiatives, and stated that "programmes are not projects". These background has been increasingly identified by workshop participants and project partners. There have been two slightly different approaches depending on the importance conceded to different elements of joint programming. In the first approach the accent was put on the aim of contributing to solve societal challenges. In this approach transnational cooperation and collaboration was seen as motivated by the need to address these challenges, and the attention was put on the peculiarities of the corresponding research programme features, such as stakeholder participation in reviewing project proposals. In the second, the most important element was transnational cooperation and collaboration as a general need for research in Europe, that can be better understood when related to grand societal challenges, but no only. From this second perspective, transnational cooperation and collaboration is needed also to improve national research systems, and the accent is put on the difficulties of opening national programmes and joining forces. The final conference was designed to uncover some of the assumptions and determinants that facilitate or not the development of FC and JPIs in general. Amongst them we discussed: • the relative small number of institutions involved in JPIs, which should facilitate a coherent approach for some basic elements in all of them. • the determining influence of national programmes, which are finally supposed to be coordinated. • the need to connect national and transnational programming through some common research agendas or priorities. • the need for flexibility in the way national programmes choose to connect to JPIs. • the need for JPIs to think more strategically and not losing the overall picture by being busy in operational issues. Our perception is that JPIs TO Co-Work has contributed to raise the understanding of JPIs issues to a more strategic level. List of Websites: www.jpis2cowork.eu The Website was created and launched during the frist six mount of the project. , The web site contains basic information on the aims, objectives and structure of the project, as well as relevant links to JPIs and a members’ area for project partners. There are some private accesses to members of the Advisory Board. The website is updated as required. Updates are expected approximately every three months. After submission of the public project deliverables to the European Commission, the final deliverables will also be posted at the web portal. The web portal will be maintained for six more months after the completion of the project. This website will also include different restricted areas serving as a management tool for the project. The web will provide links to all running JPIs, NETWATCH and ERA-LEARN news.

2015-06-03 16:40:29 en 2837051 INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III

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en 3523484 en 101037 291839 JPIs TO CO-WORK de,en,es,fr,it,pl 891 FP7-GA http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 16658 ERA-FC.2011.1 10965 ERANET 12192 GA 891 FP7-GA 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl 93012 The Member States and the European Council have developed a set of 10 Joint Programming Initiatives (JPIs) to overcome the fragmentation of research activities, programmes and policies across Europe. Since the JPIs involve different institutions from different countries with different procedures, there is a need for framework conditions (FCs) facilitating harmonised planning and implementation. 2015-11-13 15:15:15 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-10/163789.jpg http://www.jpis2cowork.eu Spain ES 242387496 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en en 159515 255851-345-1 Executive Summary:The AERODESIGN project provides a design tool for the analysis and optimization of preliminary aircraft configurations. The overall tool design is based on a multi-segment and multi-level modular framework that divides the preliminary design methodology scope...

Executive Summary: The AERODESIGN project provides a design tool for the analysis and optimization of preliminary aircraft configurations. The overall tool design is based on a multi-segment and multi-level modular framework that divides the preliminary design methodology scope into eight different modules: geometrical, aerodynamic, engine data, weight and balance, mission and low speed performance, costs analysis, emissions and noise analysis. In an integrated process of design optimization, these modules are integrated by various technologies into a cost-effective solution. The tool performs aircraft design optimization based on changing the shape of its lifting surfaces, which are provided to the tool as input. The software tool was developed in a modular fashion so as to easily adjust, update, modify or enhance any of the modules individually, whilst the end result is strictly an application. The AERODESIGN tool is stand-alone, although it requires the availability of external resources (applications) to work properly. It includes a Human Machine Interface (HMI) that allows the user to operate the tool and obtain feedback information on the design results. Project Context and Objectives: To study the future configuration of commercial aircrafts, it is important to have the most efficient method of preliminary design supported by the most complete database with information on existing assets and validated results. The initial conceptual and preliminary design phase drives most of the cost of the airplane project and lifecycle costs. Incorporating cost models in the early design enables the realization of even further cost reduction measures and trade-offs at the preliminary design level. Adequate design support tools are required in the early design process to handle in the most efficient way the largest amount of multidisciplinary variables, making sure the best concept is selected as a starting point to the detailed design phase. The overall tool design is based on a multi-segment and multi-level technical framework. The AERODESIGN project has developed and validated a design tool capable of performing a preliminary design and analysis of an aircraft in the preliminary design phase, and enable achieving the pollution and noise reduction targets for the regional aircraft entering the market in the coming decades. To perform the analysis the following modules were implemented: Initiator (INIT) – is a general statistical module that is used to obtain a general aircraft architecture starting from the aircraft requirements and a large database of reference aircraft. The general aircraft architecture defines an initial aircraft configuration solution that is the base for the Multi-Model Generator module. Multi-Model Generator (MMG) – Execute all the required computations for deriving all the geometrical parameters necessary for the subsequent analysis and weight and balance computations. It is divided into two components: Geometry Module and Weight and Balance module. The Geometry module (GEOM) takes the general aircraft architecture generated by the statistical pre-sizing, determine the layout of the aircraft including cabin configuration, output a CAD geometry file for visualization and output structured information suitable for subsequent analyses The layout evaluates in detail the following parameters: Fuselage: lengths and cross sections of cockpit, cabin, tail cone, floors, cargo holds, doors and emergency exits Wing: size and positioning of the ailerons, internal fuel volume Tails: size of horizontal tail and elevator, size of vertical tail and rudder Engine: positioning and size The information produced by the Geometry module comprises: . a pdf file describing 2D views of aircraft . a CAD geometry file in IGES format, which is directly readable by a CAD software such as CATIA . airfoils’ positions, coordinates . fuselage cross section shape and coordinates The Weight and Balance module (W&B) determines a detailed weight breakdown of the aircraft and determine the centre of gravity of the aircraft during loading/unloading of passengers and during flight when fuel is burned. Aerodynamic module (AERO) –determines the aerodynamic loads and moments acting on the aircraft. The aerodynamic analysis performed by the Aerodynamic module includes a 3D subsonic potential analyses (vortex lattice method), viscous drag evaluation through a semi-empirical approach based on wetted areas and drag build-up methods and aerodynamic lift contribution due to control surfaces deployment The Aerodynamic module is also able to output at request, for a given aircraft geometry and flow condition: Aerodynamic lift, drag (total drag and its terms: induced and viscous) and pitching moment, Polar for the entire aircraft, Initial stall position on wing, Stability derivatives and Estimated Buffet Limits (CL vs Mach number). Engine Data Module (ENG) – provides fuel consumption and thrust for each flight phase/engine ratings. This module also have the capability to evaluate the variation of weight and main dimensions against thrust scaling factor as well as provide information regarding jet velocity, weight dimensions and engine sizing rating. Mission and Low Speed Performance Module (PERF) – This module will calculate aircraft performance at different flight segments, like: take off, climb, cruise, acceleration and deceleration Phases, descent and landing Single Performance Points will be also calculated namely, Emergency Take off & Landing Performance; All engines and one engine out ceilings; acoustic take-off and approach path; sustained turn rate Maximum speed; Specific Range vs. Speed Curves Costs Module (COSTS) is responsible for the calculation of Direct Operating Costs as well as Recurring production costs Engine Emissions Module (EMISSIONS) is the module responsible for the calculation of engine emissions for a specific trajectory in various flight phases Noise Module (NOISE) – The NOISE Module is responsible for the calculation of internal and external noise levels, including noise iso-level curves around the airport. Optimization module (OPT) performs optimization of the lifting surfaces, through the optimization of a set of design variables (parameters) that define the form of the lifting surfaces. The optimization shall find an aircraft design that achieves one of the following (user selected) goals: MTOW, Cost, Noise or Emissions. The Optimization module implements a gradient based method, starting from an initial design point (an initial aircraft configuration) and shall be restricted to small changes in the design variables. Reporting Module (REP) – The Reporting Module is responsible for presenting the analysis and optimization information on a tabular or graphical mode. This output will report the following information: Geometry of Aircraft and Engine; Characteristic weights; Weight Breakdown; Aerodynamic Data; Mission Results; Engine thrust in design points; Noise levels and footprints and Engine Emissions. Project Results: The AERODESIGN project has achieved all the Scientific & Technological target objectives established at begin of the activities. All the Validation and validation activities was developed and reported in the WP5 (Integration and Verification). As main results, based on the test and validation activities, we can state that AERODESIGN is a powerful tool able to assist on the analysis and optimization of preliminary aircraft configurations. Potential Impact: The AERODESIGN Consortium has developed several dissemination activities under the scope of the WP7 (Dissemination and Exploitation). The main objectives of such activities were to ensure a systematic dissemination of the project outcomes among the aeronautical community (public dissemination) and to facilitate the collaboration and information exchange between partners (internal dissemination). The dissemination activities were under the responsibility of each consortium member and therefore, each partner reports on the activities they carried out for the dissemination of the AERODESIGN project results, activities that are compatible with the any protection of intellectual property rights, confidentiality obligations and legitimate interests of the owner(s) of the foreground. List of Websites: N/A

2015-04-01 15:01:02 en 2836391 GMVIS SKYSOFT SA

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en 3522824 en 98069 255851 AERODESIGN de,en,es,fr,it,pl 870 FP7-JTI http://ec.europa.eu/research/jti/index_en.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 13246 JTI-CS-2009-1-GRA-01-005 13241 JTI-CS-GRA-01 13240 JTI-CS-GRA 13202 JTI-CS 11928 SP1-JTI 870 FP7-JTI 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI de,en,es,fr,it,pl 166041 Optimal configuration of preliminary designs lays the foundation for final aircraft concepts that are ready to take flight. A new preliminary design platform integrates eight different analyses to optimise performance and cost effectiveness early. 2015-07-23 12:28:40 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-07/159515.jpg en en,any /docs/results/255/255851/final1-publishable-summary-aerodesign.pdf Portugal PT 427199016 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en en 147517 244578-345-2 Executive Summary:The southern Mediterranean region is at a historical turning point following the unprecedented uprisings that ended many decades of repressive authoritarian regimes. Before 2010, and the start of the Arab uprisings, the ‘business as usual’ scenario...

Executive Summary: The southern Mediterranean region is at a historical turning point following the unprecedented uprisings that ended many decades of repressive authoritarian regimes. Before 2010, and the start of the Arab uprisings, the ‘business as usual’ scenario prevailed in a blend of un-sustainability and partial Euro-Mediterranean cooperation. Un-sustainability, coupled with phony stability, was thought to be the long-term future for southern Mediterranean countries. The deterioration of political freedoms and the rule of law appeared to be the norm. The European Union’s policies towards the region were equally unsatisfactory as they failed to drive the region towards a sustainable future. Following the Arab revolts, domestic changes are being prepared and external actors’ policies towards the region are being rethought. While ruling out business as usual, other scenarios may emerge in a 2030 perspective. Starting with the worst possible scenario; the “Euro-Mediterranean Area under threat” the Mediterranean Sea would divide conflicting civilizations. Sporadic conflicts would become protracted and spill over borders, creating political uncertainties and socioeconomic difficulties. These uncertainties would offer new opportunities for terrorist organizations to take power and in the absence of cooperating authorities, would undermine EU’s and other actors’ power to influence developments in the region. This scenario must not be underestimated. Averting it is crucial if we are to avoid the worst for the Euro-Mediterranean generations to come. Two optimistic futures of sustainability, with different paths of Euro-Mediterranean co-operation, could become reality if there is sufficient political and economic will, both in the region and the EU. In the perspective of a “Euro-Mediterranean Common Union”, recognizing their common past and believing in their common future, the European and the southern Mediterranean countries would form an integrated region with a common market following the European Economic Area model the so - called Euro-Mediterranean Economic Area (EMEA), leading to the adoption of the EU “acquis” . Under such a scenario, the current tensions in the Euro-Mediterranean region could be resolved. The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) could play a key role in fostering regional cooperation but as countries join the EMEA, its importance would diminish over time. In this scenario, by 2030, a new tri-polar world would emerge, with the US, China and the Euro-Med Union Another perspective worth looking at is the “Euro-Mediterranean Alliance”, which keeps the two regions separate: the EU on the northern side and the southern Mediterranean countries to the south. Under such a scenario, there is no perspective (or need) to form the EMEA. The European Neighborhood Policy would become obsolete if it were not rethought to integrate this vision. After the Arab revolts, the southern Mediterranean could become integrated, capitalize on a stronger role for regional institutions; and other players such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) could play a bigger role in the region. The EU and the southern Mediterranean could establish a Euro-Mediterranean Alliance Treaty and a renewed UfM would help meeting its objectives.. Such a vision is also coherent with a multi-polar world scenario for the year 2030, without a unique dominant leader. Today, and after completion of MEDPRO research it seems that the signals picked up during these three years corroborate the scenario of a Euro-Mediterranean under threats. Two years on since the Arab revolts, countries are still beset by uncertainty. The EU response remains timid, short- sighted and with no coherent vision. Hence, moving to a successful and sustainable future scenario does not seem very plausible today, unless serious action towards one or the other path is taken without delay. Project Context and Objectives: Introduction: summary description of the project context and main objectives MEDPRO, short for Mediterranean Prospects, is a project involving a consortium of 17 highly reputed institutions from throughout the Mediterranean region, coordinated Dr. Rym Ayadi Senior Fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), based in Brussels. At its core, MEDPRO explores the challenges facing the southern and eastern Mediterranean region, which is committed to implementing ambitious political and economic reforms while at the same time addressing the most pressing social and environmental issues, such as curbing chronic unemployment, improving living standards, addressing inequality, ending all forms of discrimination and conserving the natural habitat. Addressing these challenges requires political will, good governance, the broadest possible participation, and, above all, a sharp understanding of the driving forces at play. The outcome of the ongoing reforms will ultimately be determined by their relationship with the predominant social, cultural, political and environmental factors. By considering a wide range of interactions, MEDPRO aims to explore a number of alternative scenarios that can be expected to arise by 2030 in the region with a view to laying a sound foundation for future policy on social and economic development, paying special attention, where relevant, to the role and potential contribution of the EU. The aim of MEDPRO is to contribute to the reform process in the political, economic and social agendas of the countries in the southern and eastern Mediterranean region, by means of increasing the level of knowledge on the diverse set of challenges and developing useful insights into the policy options. MEDPRO delivered the best available scientific underpinning for future policy decisions, both domestically and at EU level within the framework of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) – the successor to the Barcelona Process – as well as the EU European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) Programme. In order to achieve this aim, the research undertaken is multidisciplinary, bringing together highly respected research institutions from both sides of the Mediterranean and drawing from a pool of highly qualified researchers with diverse backgrounds, regional expertise and proven track records. By undertaking an inclusive analysis of the main development issues for the region, the project provides state of the art foresight qualitative and quantitative methodologies applied to the understanding of the challenges in the region, fresh evidence on the long-term outlook with different assumptions, the cohesion between the different aspects of socio-economic development and long term growth and inclusion and the resulting challenges for public policy.   Research Areas The MEDPRO research has been coordinated scientifically within a separate work package. The coordinator together with a member of the MEDPOR consortium produced a background/methodological framework from month 3 of the project. This framework has been updated over time until the end of the project. The paper on what future for the Mediterranean: Methodological framework co-authored by MEDPRO coordinator Rym Ayadi and member of the scenario building committee Carlo Sessa provided the overall concept and methodological framework of MEDPRO. This paper is available in the MEDPRO members’ area. In addition, seven scientific meetings have been organised to implement the MEDPRO project. All reports of the meetings are publicly available. The MEDPRO research programme covers nine areas of study that are highly relevant for the socio-economic development of the region: Geopolitics and governance; Demography, ageing, migration, health and gender issues; Human capital, social protection, inequality and migration; Energy and climate change mitigation; Sustainable development, management of resources and adaptation to global warming; Economic development and regional integration; Financial services and capital markets; Scenario building and impact assessment; and Scenarios for regional integration and cooperation with the EU. These fields of study have been selected to reflect the key challenges facing the region in the coming decades. A multidisciplinary approach enables us to draw up the most promising scenarios for further development in the region and better cooperation with Europe. They are briefly described below. Geopolitics and Governance As demonstrated by the Arab Spring, the neo-authoritarian nature of Arab regimes have created serious political challenges that have been until now rather unexplored in the literature. A trend of state failure in which the latter does not fulfil its elementary security and development functions and a growing concentration of political capital among groups opposing incumbent regimes and external actors are two features that have led to revolutionary waves. The aim of this research area is to provide an analysis of these trends while identifying at the same time the factors likely to give rise to them. Scenarios were drawn in which these trends are likely to manifest themselves within specific country contexts. Wider implications for the sustainability of the state within the Mediterranean region are extrapolated. Demography, Health and Ageing The Mediterranean countries under consideration are already in a process of demographic transition with the decline of youth population. This poses serious challenges to policy-makers given the fact that most of the economies under consideration have failed to provide either employment for the current active workforce and employment prospects for those who will enter the job market in the next decades. Moreover, the low rate of female involvement in the labour force and society is a major issue to be tackled in the coming years in order to provide robust foundations to socio-economic development. Drawing on an analytical framework, work under this area provides a series of population projections under different scenarios and according to country-specific methodologies and data. Human Capital, Social Protection, Inequality and Migration Social protection schemes in the region suffer from major weaknesses, including the demographic shifts and rampant unemployment, especially among the youth. These challenges seriously hamper the sustainability of these schemes, where they exist. Moreover, the countries of the Middle East and North Africa continue to lag behind their peers in terms of educational attainment of adult population. Integration of women into the labour force is critically low in most countries in the region, despite significant public investment in education and their correlative increase in enrolment and literacy rates. Research undertaken by the World Bank shows household incomes could rise as much as 25% in the region if women participated in the labour force accordingly to their education levels and age structure. Gender equality, education, and integration are the heart of challenges faced by policy-makers in the region. This research area addresses four main issues: 1) The adequacy and sustainability of social protection schemes, the current state and performance of the educational system, 2) The current and future educational attainment of adult population, 3) The effects on growth and employment of enhancing the use of human capital of women and,4) The prospective analysis of the likely future path of human capital endowment in the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries. The major outcome of this exercise is to give an unprecedented insight into the performance of education in the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries through an in-depth analysis of both the current and future state of education and human capital endowment. Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Socio-economic development is also driven by the availability of energy, which is a crucial input and accounts for a significant share of several Mediterranean countries’ export revenues. The Mediterranean countries, and in particular Algeria and Libya, are already among the EU’s energy suppliers, and in the foreseeable future, their role is expected to increase. The shift to a low-carbon economy can translate into losses in oil and gas revenues while at the same time promoting the development of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. Moreover, demographic pressures and increased economic activity will translate into a rising demand for electricity, thus creating challenges in terms of supply and climate change mitigation. In order to give practical insights into the options available to policy-makers, this research will undertake four tasks: 1) A critical assessment of oil reserves, resources, and infrastructure, taking into account the transit role of the region; 2) An assessment regarding the scope for enhancing the region’s contribution to the mitigation of global warming through the development of renewable energy sources and energy savings strategies and investments; 3) A development and exploration of several energy supply and demand scenarios and their respective socio-economic and environmental implications and, 4) An exploration of different policy scenarios for closer cooperation between the EU and the Mediterranean countries in order to increase mutually beneficial energy exchanges and to launch the region on sustainable energy development paths. The analysis undertaken here is closely related to MEDPRO’s demographic research since changes in population will translate into changes in energy demand through both direct and indirect channels. Management of Environment and Natural Resources One of the biggest challenges for public policy in the region is to provide long-lasting economic growth so as to guarantee employment and a decent quality of life while at the same time preserving environmental sustainability. Countries in the region already face desertification risks and water scarcity, which contribute to a lower agricultural yield. Many strategies developed in response to this challenge lead to an inefficient allocation of resources. The introduction of such sustainable management policies not conflicting with each other and preserving the development potential of the region is therefore crucial. This research involves ii) two domain specific assessments targeted respectively to agriculture and water resource management including a mapping of current situations on a country basis and assessments of future demand and supply taking into account demographic developments and consequences of climate change; ii) an investigation into the consequences of climatic changes on tourist industry, a key economic sector in the region. Economic Development, Trade, Investment and Sectoral Analyses The pace of economic growth in the southern and eastern Mediterranean has lagged behind other emerging economies during the last two decades: only in the early 2000s there has been an improvement. This lag has translated into social unrest and despair among the workforce, creating major challenges for the governments in the region and fuelling the current revolutionary wave. Imprudent macroeconomic policies have fuelled inflation and poor economic integration has translated into restrictive trade and investment policies, with tariffs in some sectors averaging at the two-digit level. Governments of the region face the challenge of boosting integration and cooperation, developing new activities and strengthening existing ones. This research area first assessed whether fiscal and monetary policies have been growth-inducing and stability-facilitating; then it quantified the potential of the region in terms of trade and investment flows. In this aspect, the research devoted special attention to selected sectors of importance for the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries, especially infrastructure, tourism, agriculture and fisheries given that they are the main source of income for the region. Financial Services and Capital Markets Financial services and capital markets are at the heart of economic transition as was clearly stated at the 12th Euro-Mediterranean Conference on Economic Transition. A sound financial system can spur growth by mobilising savings, providing funds for infrastructure development and private firms, improving the allocation of resources facilitating risk management and trade as well as enhancing corporate governance practices. Such a system is particularly important for the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which represent an important source of activity but lack the internal resources to grow. Capital markets in the region are relatively underdeveloped and external financing needs are met almost entirely through bank loans. This research provides quantitative and qualitative prospective analysis of the financial services sector and capital markets development, using all available international and national sources in order to assess the potential for further growth and integration in the financial services sector. Scenario-Building and Impact Assessment The partial foresight analysis undertaken in the previous research fields was brought together under a common ‘roof’ of analysis of different scenarios within an internationally consistent framework. To do so, all results of partial findings and scenarios were used in a Computational General Equilibrium (CGE) Model under the GEM-E3 package developed within a multinational project, which was partly funded by the 5th Framework Programme and is now being used by the European Commission and other national authorities. It is dynamic, recursive and driven by accumulation of capital and equipment, and allows for different representations of technological progress. It is based on backward-looking expectations and its features, such as the multiple sector coverage and the links between output and availability of natural resources, will improve the state-of-the-art analysis of the prospects of the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries.   Scenarios for Regional Integration and Cooperation with the EU Although, the Barcelona Process launched in the wake of the 1993 Oslo accords has been received with unprecedented enthusiasm, its results were not as expected. The political momentum appears to be stagnating and in this aspect, both shores share the responsibility. Drawing on the lessons from the EU’s enlargement, experience shows that the bases for the continuation of reforms are to be found in the involvement of all actors. In contrast, uncertainties that surround the prospects of the region act as a comparative disadvantage affecting the dynamics at play. Moreover, the linchpin of the economic Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, namely trade liberalisation, has had little effect because efforts were mainly focused on North-South relations while change was less important in the region. The future of Euro-Mediterranean relations and its instruments of cooperation shaped under the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) should reflect these lessons. Consequently, issues such as regional geopolitical tensions, development of human capital, domestic production of goods and services, sustainability of resource management and environmental pressures are taken into account within this research field. The evolution of the aforementioned factors and the outbreak of the Arab spring translated into the retention of a number of scenarios built within this research area in order to provide a basis for further policy analysis aimed at closer cooperation with the EU under the UfM framework both broadly and per theme. Project Results: Publications and Deliverables: Description of the main S & T results/foregrounds Over three years of research, the MEDPRO team has delivered three series of outputs in the form of Technical Reports, Reports, Policy Papers, Commentaries, Databases and unpublished memos. Technical Reports are the project’s main media for dissemination of results. They are prepared by the individual participating institutes and some were submitted to academic journals, as well as to interested policy-makers for in-depth comprehension. Reports summarise results under each research area. In addition to specific reports, a final report summarising the methods, activities, main findings and recommendations will be produced at the end of the project. Policy Papers review the major findings and recommendations in each field. They present policy-relevant outcomes and aim at providing further policy guidance to both stakeholders and researchers. Commentaries are short pieces on policy relevant issues within MEDPRO areas of research. Databases are all collected data for the purpose of the project. Memos are documents and case studies that are unpublished but served to produce the final papers. The full texts and abstracts of all MEDPRO publications and also databases can be downloaded from the MEDPRO website (www.medpro-foresight.eu) and the CEPS website (www.ceps.eu). A dissemination platform has been created to continue enhancing the outreach of MEDPRO publications and ideas through (www.euromed-economists.org ) Other unpublished materials such as case studies and memos can be accessed from MEDPRO Members area. Abstracts for these publications and other deliverables are presented on the following pages, organised by research area. Geopolitics and Governance Publications: The Southern Mediterranean: Between Changes and Challenges to its Sustainability Silvia Colombo (IAI). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°1 Forecasts about the Mediterranean in terms of economic, social and human development are premised on a critical assumption: the continuation, mutatis mutandis, of the status quo in political and governance terms. Indeed over the last decades, not only have the regimes in the southern and eastern Mediterranean demonstrated a remarkable resilience, but also the states have enjoyed a situation of overall stability achieved through a number of skilfully arranged reform measures. Yet this status quo does not appear to be sustainable in the decades ahead because of the cumulative effect of the multiple challenges confronting the countries of the region. By drawing a critical distinction between short-term stability and long-term sustainability, this paper argues that in the long run it will become increasingly difficult to sustain the current configuration of state power against the backdrop of deteriorating socio-economic conditions and above all of increased domestic unrest. This paper explores the changes that have taken place in the last two decades and that have contributed to creating the current situation of apparent stability. Then, it moves on to assess the conditions under which this situation may become unsustainable owing to the emergence of challenges in the political, economic, social and external domains. This exercise aims at presenting a number of stylised scenarios on the future of the region. Morocco at the Crossroads: Seizing the Window of Opportunity for Sustainable Development Silvia Colombo (IAI). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°2 The question of state sustainability is highly relevant in the case of Morocco. The recent upheavals in the Maghreb and the Middle East, alongside the growing problems of poor education and high unemployment are likely to bring to the surface the unsustainable elements of Morocco’s status quo. The central issues concern the quality of institutions, reforms aimed at promoting the rule of law, curbing corruption and overhauling the judiciary. This paper will argue that while institutional quality is a pre-requisite for successful and sustainable socio-economic performance, this cannot be achieved unless major reforms in the political system are carried out. There is a window of opportunity to accelerate reforms and to address the acute centralisation of Moroccan politics and decision-making, the lack of accountability of the monarchic institutions, as well as the fragility of representative bodies, such as parties and trade unions. Seizing this opportunity could spare Morocco a period of instability, while also assuring continuity in the transition that began in 1999, when the new king came to power. Tunisia: Changes and Challenges of Political Transition Maria Cristina Paciello (IAI). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°3 For 23 years, a combination of harsh repression and impressive socio-economic development in Tunisia ensured a certain level of stability of Ben Ali’s regime. However, on 14 January 2011, after several weeks of anti-government protests, the President fled the country, revealing the fallacy of the ‘Tunisian model’. While the departure of Ben Ali is an important step towards Tunisia’s political change, the fate of its democratic transition remains uncertain. In light of these changes and challenges, this paper first assesses the factors underpinning the former stability of Ben Ali’s regime; it then investigates the causes of its underlying unsustainability, culminating in the anti-government popular uprising in December 2010-January 2011 and the removal of Ben Ali; finally the paper evaluates the prospects for a real democratic transition in Tunisia, by highlighting the main political and socio-economic challenges that confront the country. Egypt: Changes and Challenges of Political Transition Maria Cristina Paciello (IAI). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°4 Hosni Mubarak’s regime and its power system enjoyed remarkable stability for over 30 years. On 11 February 2011, however, after 18 days of mass protests, the Egyptian president was forced to step down, revealing the unsustainability of the political and economic system that had ensured his continuity for so long. While the revolution of January 25th led to a major success – the fall of Mubarak – Egypt’s political future is still opaque and exposed to a number of risks. This paper first highlights the factors underpinning the former stability of Mubarak’s regime; it then assesses the causes of its underlying unsustainability, leading to the popular anti-government mobilisation in January-February 2011 and the removal of Mubarak; finally the paper evaluates the prospects for a genuine democratic transition in Egypt, by looking at the main political and socio-economic challenges facing the country. Israel and Palestine and State (Un)Sustainability Paolo Napolitano (IAI). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°5 This report explores the concept of state (un)sustainability in Israel and Palestine. The starting point sees conflict resolution as an independent variable for any change and progress in the area, in terms of a political, just and credible agreement between the two parties, which will then play a decisive role in the development of the Mediterranean region. These developments and prospects for a solution are then evaluated on the basis of state (un)sustainability, a broad notion that refers to the possibilities for long-term development at the political, social and economic levels. The very nature of Israel’s democracy and its relations with its Arab minority, the challenges related to the establishment of a viable and sustainable Palestinian state, and the regional dimension of all the actors involved are considered in order to evaluate future scenarios in this context. Three scenarios are tested: sustainability, which corresponds to the end of the conflict and the establishment of two viable and independent states with a tangible improvement in political and economic indicators; unsustainability, which refers to the perpetuation of the political status quo and the progressive deterioration of all political, economic and social indicators; and finally, weak stability, which entails the achievement of a sterile political stability, able to sustain the present status quo but unable to confront the main challenges for the future of the country(ies). Syria and Lebanon: Diverging Paths of State Unsustainability Silvia Colombo (IAI). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°6 Any analysis of the prospects for stability and sustainability in the states of Syria and Lebanon reveals the strong ties that exist between these two countries and the impact of external influences on their overall development. Their trajectories, while starkly divergent in terms of the challenges confronting them at present, converge on a path of long-term unsustainability. Lebanon is in the midst of yet another transition phase, triggered by the collapse of Hariri’s government in January 2011. The current situation might be described as one of deteriorating status quo; the state is performing poorly in terms of its delivery of fundamental public services and its institutional legitimacy is tenuous in the face of emerging para-state structures and latent (occasionally active) violence. In Syria, challenges to the sustainability of the state have evolved dramatically since the beginning of 2011, and are now nearing a tipping point. In view of the mounting unrest and violence in the country, the future prospects for its economic and political development are dim. More ominously, the risk of widespread conflict, with sectarian overtones, cannot be discounted. Algeria’s Failed Transitions to a Sustainable Polity: Coming to yet another Crossroads Hakim Darbouche (IAI). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°7 Algeria is so far the only country in North Africa not to have experienced sustained mass protests calling for political change. The government in Algiers has by no means remained indifferent to the groundbreaking events in neighbouring countries, but it is responding to this sweeping wave of change at its own pace. This paper argues that, despite its apparent stability, the Algerian polity suffers from underlying currents of instability that risk undermining the long-term sustainability of the state. It identifies the failure of the country’s political and economic transitions and its implications as the most serious challenge confronting the Algerian state today. Unless a) the process of democratic transition that was initiated in 1989 is refined and put back on track, leading to the advent and consolidation of the rule of law, popular enfranchisement and total civilian control of the military; and b) the efforts to diversify the economy away from hydrocarbons are intensified and made more coherent, Algeria will remain susceptible to future instability. This is all the more pertinent given that the country is heading towards a crossroads where the issue of generational transition will also become imperative for the current leadership to deal with. The Tunisian Revolution: An Opportunity for Democratic Transition Rym Ayadi, Silvia Colombo, Maria Cristina Paciello and Nathalie Tocci (CEPS and IAI). MEDPRO Commentary To help promote a peaceful transition to democracy in Tunisia, a new Commentary by Rym Ayadi, Silvia Colombo, Maria Cristina Paciello and Nathalie Tocci calls upon the EU to act quickly on its declaration of support for “a genuine democratic transition” and to consult with political parties both from the transition government and beyond to prepare for the running of the next elections. A positive resolution of the crisis will only be achieved if the internal and external players follow the lessons of successful democratic transitions elsewhere. State (un)Sustainability in the Southern Mediterranean and Scenarios to 2030: The EU’s Response Nathalie Tocci (IAI). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°1 In this first MEDPRO project Policy Paper, author Nathalie Tocci considers the concept of sustainability and how it is central to any understanding of Mediterranean politics. Too often confused with stability in policy debates in the Mediterranean region and the West, Tocci argues that not only are these two concepts distinct, with sustainability being broader and deeper than stability, but stability, as interpreted with regard to the regimes in the region, has often run counter to the very conditions that underpin state sustainability. In order to avoid the weakening and failure of EU-MED cooperation, Tocci urges the EU to overcome its political and institutional inertia, and to develop a truly credible Mediterranean policy pursued alongside other state and non-state actors at both the regional and global level. Memo: • Libya Dario Cristiani (IAI), MEDPRO Memo Database: • Governance Database Prepared by Silvia Colombo (IAI) Demography, Health and Ageing Publications: Population Scenarios for South Mediterranean Countries: 2010-2050 George Groenewold, Joop de Beer, and Corina Huisman (NIDI). MEDPRO Report n°2 This report describes four population growth scenarios for 11 countries in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region, using the MEDPRO economic-political development framework to consider how indicators of fertility, mortality and international migration might change if people in these countries were to live in different macroeconomic and political contexts. The paper also reflects on the results obtained in light of recent political developments in the region. Demography, Health and Ageing: Policy Recommendations George Groenewold, Joop de Beer, and Corina Huisman (NIDI). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°5 Four population scenarios were derived describing changes in indicators of demographic behaviour on the basis of different future political-economic contexts. The focus of this policy brief is on expected trends in: (1) population growth at regional and national levels; (2) working age populations in view of demographic dividend potential for the economy; and; (3) population of elderly persons in view of the future financial burden this group might impose on societies. The results show that different economic-political development scenarios do have large effects on population growth, at least up to 2030. This is due to the so-called population momentum effect in the relatively young age-structures of most countries. In the short term, up to 2030, and depending on which economic-political scenario unfolds, these countries are expected to grow from 280 million people to a figure between 362 and 349 million people. In that same period, EU27 populations will grow by 21 million only from about 500 to 521 million people. Between 2030 and 2050, additional population growth is foreseen in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries between 48 and 62 million people, while EU27 populations are expected to grow with only 4 million during that period. SMCs appear to vary widely regarding demographic transition profiles so that demographic dividend potentials also vary. For instance, Egypt has considerably demographic dividend potential ahead in the coming decades as the working age population shares will rise from 63% (2010) to a peak level of about 68% by 2045. In Turkey however, the working age population share is already high (68%) and near the expected peak level of 69% (by 2025) after which a decline will set in. The window of opportunity - the period when working age population shares rise to peak levels and remain at a high level - is starting to close for Lebanon and Tunisia although levels will remain high up to 2035 after which a decline sets in due to ageing of these populations. Ageing implies an increase of the economic burden to economies as elderly generally do not contribute any longer to economies as they did during their working age years. Old-age dependency ratios, the share of elderly in relation to the working age population, are still low compared to EU27 ratios but will increase after 2035. Should SMCs remain politically, economically and environmentally fragile in the coming decades, these lower dependency ratios will impose a relatively higher social and financial burden to societies than the high dependency ratios in EU countries. Memos: • Demography in Algeria, Libya and Morocco Hammad Kassal (IMRI). MEDPRO Memo • Country sections on the analysis of demographic developments in Israel and Turkey George Groenewold, Joop de Beer and Corina Huisman (NIDI). MEDPRO Memo • Country sections on the analysis of demographic developments in Jordan and Palestine Mohammed Shaheen (MAS). MEDPRO Memo • Country section on the analysis of demographic developments in Tunisia ITCEQ, MEDPRO Memo • Country sections on the analysis of demographic developments in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria Fatma El Zanaty (FEPS). MEDPRO Memo Database: • Annex on availability and quality of demographic, socioeconomic and health data in MED11 countries and on estimation methods to improve data quality Prepared by George Groenewold, Joop de Beer and Corina Huisman (NIDI), with the support of IMRI, ITCEQ, MAS, FEPS, and CEPS Management of Environment and Natural Resources Publications: Economic and Climate Change Pressures on Biodiversity in Southern Mediterranean Coastal Areas Francesco Bosello, Paulo A.L.D. Nunes, Laura Onofri (FEEM). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°24 This paper establishes and measures key biodiversity and ecosystem health indicators and the number of world heritage sites in coastal areas at global level. It then estimates – econometrically – the indicators’ influence on the provision of tourism values through the marine ecosystem function as a harbour of biodiversity, and as a provider of amenity values and marine cultural identity. The report then focuses on the MEDPRO region, providing some estimates of the potential impact of climate change on these services for a given temperature increase scenario. Finally, the effect on ecosystem-related tourism is computed for the four MEDPRO social economic scenarios. The analysis is enriched by some quantification of the potential costs of adaptation. Economic Impacts of Climate Change in the Southern Mediterranean Francesco Bosello, Fabio Eboli (FEEM). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°25 This report analyses the potential economic impacts of climate change on 11 southern and eastern Mediterranean countries through the effects of changes on the coastal ecosystem and on agriculture. The impacts are quantified through bottom-up studies assessing the consequences of the deterioration of the coastal ecosystem and protected areas for tourism arrivals, and the effects on yields of major crop families by mid-century. These data are then used as inputs into a world CGE model that quantifies the impact on GDP, sectoral production and prices. The results point to a generalised, albeit moderate loss in the region’s GDP, ranging from -0.1% to -0.25% in 2050. The countries that are more adversely affected are Tunisia (-0.26%/-0.41% of GDP in 2050) and Morocco (-0.04%/-0.14% of GDP in 2050). High losses (-0.13%/-0.36% of GDP in 2050) are also highlighted for the ‘Middle East’ aggregate (including among others Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Israel), which together make up 26.5% of the region’s GDP. Negative impacts are more perceptible at the sectoral level. In the Reference Scenario, the average production loss for the agricultural sector is -0.5% in 2050, with a peak of -1.4% in Tunisia, while that of the service sector is -0.45% in 2050 with a peak of -0.9% in the Middle East. In general, GDP losses linked to tourism activity are greater than those related to agriculture, although this is not the case for Tunisia or Morocco. Adaptation to Climate Change in the Southern Mediterranean: A Theoretical Framework, a Foresight Analysis and Three Case Studies Daniel Osberghaus, Claudio Baccianti (ZEW). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°26 Adaptation to climate change in southern and eastern Mediterranean countries is particularly relevant because of the strong expected effects on the region and the sensitivity of important sectors like agriculture and tourism to climate change. This work analyses qualitative scenarios with the support of insights from the theoretical literature and information collected from case studies about Tunisia, Egypt and Turkey. We deal with several dimensions of adaptation, including the role of the government, equity, uncertainty and linkages with mitigation. In general, we conclude that inaction is not a viable option and this report shows how adaptation policy should be designed. We identify major areas of intervention, from removing barriers to private adaptation to the fostering of international cooperation. Assessment of Economic and Climate Change Pressures on Agricultural Activity in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries Consuelo Varela-Ortega, Paloma Esteve, Irene Blanco, Gema Carmona, Jorge Ruiz, Tamara Rabah (UPM). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°28 The Mediterranean region is one of the world's climate change hotspots and the heart of drastic socioeconomic and human transformations. Social and political developments as well as future climate projections envisage dramatic implications for the agricultural and water sectors that will endanger economic development and might lead to natural resources degradation and social instability. This study aims to assess the socioeconomic and environmental effects of different societal and human development scenarios and climate change in the water-scarce region. To address the complex interactions of the human and water systems, the study has developed a two-stage modelling methodology. Firstly, it proposed a panel data based econometric analysis of water use trends and 2030 future projections under the four different scenarios (developed in MEDPRO) across all the countries under study in the project. To cope with water resources variability and a changing social environment, different scenario-based adaption measures have been analysed for each country. Secondly, to complement the country-wide econometric analyses, the study focuses on three specific case studies in a selection of countries (Syria, Jordan and Morocco). For each country an economic mathematical programming model has been integrated with a hydrology model. This is to assess, with more detail, the effects on the agricultural sector, including water policies (such as the application of water tariffs and quotas) as well as climate impacts. The modelling integration, at aggregated national scale, permits us to evaluate the effects on farm income, labour use, cropping strategies and water consumption. While results on water withdrawals show that climate as well as socio-economic projections in the different scenarios may have clear differential effects across countries in the region and over time, in all countries closing the gap between water supply and demand will require a combination of water investments under the different MEDPRO scenarios. Perspectives in Resource Management and Climate Change Adaptation in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Francesco Bosello, Nicola Lamaddalena, Daniel Osberghaus, Consuelo Varela Ortega (FEEM, IAMB, ZEW, and UPM). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°6 The Mediterranean region is one of the world's climate change hotspots and the heart of drastic socioeconomic and human transformations. Recent research confirms that temperature increases will be higher compared to the global average; precipitations are projected to decline, and the probability of extreme drought to increase. Final vulnerability however, depends also on sensitivity and adaptive capacity which are highly country specific and differentiated particularly between the Northern and the Southern shore of the Mediterranean. Against a rather low vulnerability of Euro-Mediterranean countries, with losses ranging from the -0.25% to the -1.4% of GDP for temperature increases above the 4°C, stands a much higher vulnerability of South Eastern Mediterranean Countries. Particularly, the area will experiment adverse impacts on crop production driven by an increasing water scarcity which worsens ongoing processes of desertification and water overuse, pollution, salination in a context of increasing demand. Another less obvious, but relevant channel of potential negative economic impacts in SEMC is the climate-induced loss of biodiversity. In addition to threaten ecosystem life-support services it can impact negatively tourism attractiveness. Memo: • Report on Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Water Requirements in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries Nicola Lamaddalena (IAMB). MEDPRO Memo The goal of this report is to calculate crop water requirements, net irrigation requirements and relative yields under various climatic conditions of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Turkey and Israel, each represented with three or four locations with its own soil and climatic conditions. In the report crop response to water was tested for spring and winter durum wheat, barley, maize as representatives of Graminaceae, for citrus, grape, olives and peach as perennial cultures and orchards, for pepper, tomato, potato and water melon as horticultural crops, and for sunflower (oil crop), sugar beet (sugar crop), cotton (fibre crop) and fava bean (leguminose). The output of the simulations are crop water requirements under various irrigation management conditions (i.e. full irrigation-optimum, deficit irrigation practices, or rainfed); net irrigation requirements; and, relative yield of the crops obtained in respect to water deficit that crops suffer. Based on water requirements under each scenario, the report proposes different irrigation strategies for the different location. Database: • Environmental Resources Database Prepared by Paloma Esteve (UPM) Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Publications: Carbon Market Opportunities in Southern Mediterranean Countries Noriko Fujiwara, Monica Alessi (CEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°8. To date, Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries have hosted a limited number of projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). There are three challenges to the participation of middle income countries in future carbon markets: the limited size of future demand for offsets or credits; restrictions on the use of CDM credits in Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme; and the lack of prompt preparation for the start of new market-based mechanisms. This study examines existing and emerging activities in Southern Mediterranean countries that could fit into new market based mechanisms. It explores options for the evolution of mechanisms and discusses the merits of post-2012 carbon funds in bridging the gap between the end of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol and the entry into force of a new international agreement. Outlook for Oil and Gas in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries Manfred Hafner, Simone Tagliapietra, El Habib El Elandaloussi (FEEM). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°18 The aim of this report is to elaborate the MEDPRO Energy Reference Scenario for oil and gas supply and demand up to 2030 for southern and eastern Mediterranean countries. The report gives an assessment of: • Oil and gas reserves by country • Oil and gas production, domestic demand and export scenarios by country; • The existing and planned infrastructure for oil and gas exports. Finally, the report presents some insights on the future role of the Mediterranean as an oil and gas transit region. Outlook for Electricity and Renewable Energy in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries Manfred Hafner, Simone Tagliapietra, El Habib El Elandaloussi (FEEM). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°19 The aim of this report is to elaborate the MEDPRO Energy Reference Scenario for electricity demand and power generation (by energy source) in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries up to 2030. The report assesses: • The prospects for the implementation of renewable energy in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries over the next decades. The development of renewable energy is a cornerstone of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries’ efforts to improve security of supply and reduce CO2 emissions; • The prospects for regional renewable-energy plans (the Mediterranean Solar Plan, DESERTEC and Medgrid); and • The development of electricity interconnections in the region and the possible integration of Mediterranean electricity and renewable markets (both south–south and south–north). Energy Efficiency: Trends and Perspectives in the Southern Mediterranean Frédéric Blanc (FEMISE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°21 This paper has two objectives. First, it attempts to establish the potential of policies on energy efficiency and energy demand-side management in the southern Mediterranean region. Second, by examining past trends in energy intensity and trends up to 2030, it analyses the prospects and costs of such policies, compared with expected developments in the price of energy resources. Based on both analyses and on prospects for growth, it seems that energy intensity in the Mediterranean should fall perceptibly by approximately 13% in the next 20 years. But given the programmed energy mix, this will not limit emissions of CO2, which are likely to increase by more than 90%. The paper first presents the rationale for demand-side management policies. After a general discussion of concepts, it tackles the question of instruments and measures for implementing such policies, before posing the question of the cost-efficiency approach for monitoring the measures the authorities introduce. Secondly, the paper assesses energy consumption and energy efficiency in the countries of the southern Mediterranean and the ways in which their main economic sectors have changed in recent decades. The third section outlines the demand management measures introduced and, taking Tunisia and Egypt as examples, estimates the cost of such policies. The fourth and last section offers a forecast analysis of energy consumption in the Mediterranean up to 2030, highlighting probable trends in terms of final consumption, energy intensity, energy mix and emissions of CO2. The section concludes with estimates in terms of cost, comparing objectives for lower intensity, results in terms of resource savings and the types of costs this approach represents. Prospects for Energy Supply and Demand in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean: Scenarios for 2010–30 Panagiotis Fragkos, Nikos Kouvaritakis (ICCS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°22 The aim of this technical report is to quantify alternative energy demand and supply scenarios for ten southern and eastern Mediterranean countries up to 2030. The report presents the model-based results of four alternative scenarios that are broadly in line with the MEDPRO scenario specifications on regional integration and cooperation with the EU. The report analyses the main implications of the scenarios in the following areas: • final energy demand by sector (industry, households, services, agriculture and transport); • the evolution of the power generation mix, the development of renewable energy sources and electricity exports to the EU; • primary energy production and the balance of trade for hydrocarbons; • energy-related CO2 emissions; and • power generation costs. The Relationship Between Energy and Economic and Social Development in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Emmanuel Bergasse, Wojciech Paczynski, Marek Dabrowski, Luc Dewulf (CASE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°23 This report aims to identify, explain and detail the links and interactions in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SMCs) between energy supply and demand and socio-economic development, as well as the potential role of energy supply and demand policies on both. Another related aim is to identify and analyse, in a quantitative and qualitative way, the changing role of energy (both demand and supply) in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean economies, focusing on its positive and negative impact on socio-economic development. This report investigates: • The most important channels through which resource wealth can contribute to or hamper economic and social development in the analysed region • Mechanisms and channels of relations between energy supply and demand policies and economic and social development • The burdens of energy subsidies and ‘oil syndrome’ are of particular relevance for the region. An integrated socio-economic development and energy policy scenario approach showing the potential benefits and synergies within countries and the region is developed in the final part of the report. A New “Euro-Mediterranean Energy Roadmap” for a Sustainable Energy Transition in the Region Manfred Hafner, Simone Tagliapietra (FEEM) with contributions by Emmanuel Bergasse, Frederic Blanc, Noriko Fujiwara and Pantelis Capros (CASE, FEMISE, CEPS, and ICCS). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°3 Today SEMCs face a range of pressing socio-economic challenges including solving the problems of poverty and large structural unemployment, in the context of fast demographic growth. Energy is an essential commodity enabling socio-economic development. The current energy situation in SEMCs is characterised by a rapid increase of energy demand, low energy efficiency and low domestic energy prices due to extensive universal consumption subsidy schemes, the latter exerting undue pressure on the countries’ public finances. As the current energy situation does not, appear sustainable and poses several risks to the prospects of socio-economic development of the region, this MEDPRO Policy Paper proposes the creation of a “Euro-Mediterranean Energy Roadmap” to anchor the region into a sustainable energy transition. Database: • Energy and Climate Change Database Prepared by Pantelis Capros (ICCS) Economic Development, Trade, Investment and Sectoral Analyses Publications: The EU-Turkey Customs Union: A Model for Future Euro-Med Integration Subidey Togan (FEMISE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°9 This paper studying the 1995 EU-Turkey Customs Union (CU) reveals that the CU has been a major instrument of integration of the Turkish economy into the EU and global markets, offering powerful tools to reform the Turkish economy. Turkish producers of industrial goods are protected by tariffs from external competition to exactly the same extent as EU producers, and they face competition from duty-free imports of industrial goods from world-class pan-European firms. In return, Turkish industrial producers have duty-free market access to the European Economic Area, which was recently extended to certain Mediterranean countries. Trade liberalisation achieved through the CU has thus successfully moved the Turkish economy from a government-controlled regime to a market-based one, and Turkish producers of industrial goods have performed remarkably well. The paper further shows that market access conditions for Turkish producers are determined, in addition to tariffs, by standards, conformity assessment procedures, competition policy, industrial property rights and contingent protectionism measures. The CU also offered Turkey the opportunity to establish new institutions, and modernise and upgrade rules and disciplines required for the elimination of technical barriers to trade, and for the implementation of the EU’s competition, industrial property rights, and contingent protectionism policies. Determinants of Growth and Inflation in Southern Mediterranean Countries Leonor Coutinho (CCEIA). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°10 Despite significant economic reforms in many EU neighbouring countries in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, their growth performance has on average been subdued. This study analyses the differences in growth performance and macroeconomic stability across Mediterranean countries, to draw lessons for the future. The main findings are that these countries should benefit from closer ties with the EU that result in higher levels of trade and FDI inflows, once the turbulence of the ‘Arab Spring’ is resolved, and from the development of financial markets and infrastructure. They will also benefit in keeping inflation under control, which will depend in great part on their ability to maintain fiscal discipline and sustainable current accounts. One of the main challenges for the region will be to implement structural reforms that can help them absorb a large pool of unemployed without creating upward risks to inflation. Shallow vs. Deep Integration in the Southern Mediterranean: Scenarios for the region up to 2030 Ahmed Farouk Ghoneim, Nicolas Péridy, Javier Lopez Gonzalez, Maximiliano Mendez Parra (CASE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°13 This research develops a quantitative analysis aimed at simulating the trade effects of various integration scenarios between the EU and its Mediterranean Partners (MPs). Results for shallow integration show that the completion of tariff removal is expected to produce limited gains, except in Algeria. However, further steps toward deep integration would lead to much more significant gains. In this regard, the elimination of non-tariff barriers is expected to increase EU exports to MPs up to 60%. In addition, MPs’ imports and exports to the EU could also considerably increase due to an improvement of logistics performance in these countries. Manufactured Exports and FDI in Southern Mediterranean Countries: Evolution, Determinants and Prospects Khalid Sekkat (FEMISE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°14 This paper investigates the evolution and determinants of manufactured exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) in 11 Suthern and Eastern Mediterranean countries over the period 1985–2009 as well as their prospects under different scenarios pertaining to the development of the determinants. The econometric analysis confirms the role of exchange rate depreciation, the openness of the economy and the quality of institutions and infrastructure in fostering manufactured exports and FDI inflows in the region. The assessment of the prospects suggests that a scenario of deeper integration with the EU entails superior performance for manufactured exports and FDI compared with either the status quo or less integration with the EU but greater integration within the region. Tourism in the Mediterranean: Scenarios up to 2030 Robert Lanquar (CASE). MEDPRO Report n°1 Over the last two decades Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey have recorded the highest growth rates in inbound world tourism. In the same period, domestic tourism in these countries also increased rapidly. Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries’ tourism performance has been astonishing, given the security risks, natural disasters, oil prices rises and economic uncertainties in the region. Even the last financial crisis had no severe impact on this growth, which confirmed the resilience of tourism and the huge potential of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries in this sector. This trend came to an abrupt halt in early 2011 during the Arab Spring, but could well resume when the situation stabilises. This paper looks at whether this trend will continue up to 2030, and provides four different possible scenarios for the development of the tourism sector in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries for 2030: i) reference scenario, ii) common sustainable development scenario, iii) polarised (regional) development scenario and iv) failed development - decline and conflict – scenario. In all cases, international and domestic tourism arrivals will increase. However, two main factors will continue to influence the development of the tourism sector in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries: security and adjustment to climate change. This paper has been updated in 2011 and 2012. Final version is published in the MEDPRO website. What Prospects for Transport Infrastructure and Impacts on Growth in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries? Robin Carruthers (CASE). MEDPRO Report n°3 Lack of adequate infrastructure is a significant inhibitor to increased trade of the countries of the Mediterranean region. Bringing their transport infrastructure to standards comparable with countries of a similar per capita GDP will be costly but worthwhile. We compare the current quantities of six types of transport infrastructure with international, and estimate the additional quantities needed to reach the benchmarks. We also estimate the cost of that infrastructure and express it as a percentage of GDP. Finally we make tentative estimates of how much trade might be generated and how this might impact on GDP. All the estimates are made for each MED11 country and for each of four scenarios. The highest need for additional infrastructure will be for airport passenger terminals (between 52% and 56%), whereas the lowest need was for more unpaved roads (between 7% and 13%). The investment (including maintenance) cost would be between 0.9% of GDP and 2.4% of GDP, although the investments in some countries would be between 1.4% and 4.5% of GDP.The impact on non-oil international trade would be substantial, but with differences between imports and exports. The overall trade balance of the MED11 region would be an improvement of between 5.4% and 17.2%, although some countries would continue to have a negative balance. A final assessment was of the benefit ratio between the increase in GDP and the cost of transport investment. This varied between about 3 and 8, an indication of the high return to be expected from increased investment in transport infrastructure. Scenarios for the Agricultural Sector in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Saad Belghazi (IMRI). MEDPRO Report n°4 The paper builds predictive scenarios for the agricultural sector of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries. First, it assesses the performance trends of the region’s agricultural sector with a focus on production, consumption and trade patterns, incentives, trade protection policies and trade relations with the EU and productivity dynamics and their determinants. Secondly, it presents four scenarios based on the main value chains of the agriculture sector of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries: animal products, fruits and vegetables, sugar and edible oil, cereals and fish and other sea products. The outcome of the prospective analysis shows that the best scenarios for the region are the EU-Med Union and alliance scenarios. What can Arab Countries Learn from the Post-Communist Transition? Marek Dabrowski (CASE). MEDPRO Commentary More than a year has passed since the start of the political uprising against the authoritarian regimes in the Arab world. But, as demonstrated by the ongoing unrest in Syria, the process is far from over. Many politicians and experts, especially those from Central and Eastern Europe, suggest that their Arab colleagues should learn from the post-communist transition of the early 1990s. However, while learning from others’ experience is always a useful exercise, the geopolitical and socio-economic context of the Arab revolution appears to be different, argues author Marek Dabrowski, from that of former Soviet bloc countries more than twenty years ago. Economic Development, Trade and Investment in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries: Policy Recommendations Marek Dabrowski, Luc De Wulf (CASE). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°4 Persistent high unemployment, growing income disparities, unequal level playing field in business, corruption and nepotism, poor governance, conspicuous consumption of a small elite and lack of political voice have been led to a broad discontent and to the Arab Spring revolutionary events in 2011-12. While it is too early to assess the impact of the revolutionary wave on the region’s economies, there are several measures that governments in the region can implement to facilitate growth. This Policy Paper concludes the work under the area of economic development, trade, investment and sectoral analysis of MEDPRO by putting forward a number of macroeconomic institutional and industrial policy recommendations for the region. Memos: • The Determinants of Trade in the MED11 Countries: Summary of the Literature Khalid Sekkat (FEMISE), MEDPRO Memo • Macro Data and Stylized Facts for the Mediterranean Leonor Coutinho (CCEIA). MEDPRO Memo • Report on Private Sector Development in the MED-11 Region Richard Woodward, Mehdi Safavi (CASE). MEDPRO Memo • Information and Communication Technology in the MED11 Jawad Abbassi (CASE). MEDPRO Memo • Study on the Manufacturing Sector in the MED-11: The Case of the Textile Industry Christiane Haberl (CEPS). MEDPRO Memo • Summary Paper: Economic Development, Trade and Investment in the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean Region Marek Dabrowski, Luc De Wulf (CASE). MEDPRO Memo Databases: • Macroeconomics Database Prepared by Leonor Coutinho (CCEIA) • FDI Database Prepared by Willem Pieter De Groen and Salim Gadi (CEPS) • Deep Integration Database Prepared by Javier Lopez Gonzalez and Maximiliano Mendez Parra (CASE) • Agriculture Database Prepared by Saad Belghazi (IMRI) Financial Services and Capital Markets Publications: Challenges Arising from Capital Account Liberalisation in the Countries of the South Mediterranean Region Sami Mouley (ITCEQ). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°11 This report confirms the importance of commercial openness and macroeconomic performance (i.e. the control of inflation and stability of current account balance and exchange rate) on growth dynamics in the south Mediterranean countries. In particular, the positive impact of capital account liberalisation is conditioned by the imperative reinforcement of institutional quality, country risk reduction, and government stability. An examination of the Tunisian case shows that only sectors subject to tariff dismantlement within the framework of the Association Agreement with the EU appear to benefit from capital account liberalisation. Furthermore, the report shows that a scenario of capital account liberalisation requires the anticipation of monetary policy reaction functions. It follows that the mechanisms for interest rate adjustment, or inter alia, the interest rates’ reaction to price fluctuations, are weakly volatile. In turn, the analysis shows that an active control of inflation mismatches occurs essentially through exchange rate corrections, thus highlighting the greater interest central banks have in exchange rate stability over real stability. A capital account liberalisation scenario would hence impose a tightening of monetary policy. The report is in French with Executive Summaries in English and French. The Role of Monetary Policies and Macroeconomic Convergence in the Development of Financial Systems in Southern Mediterranean Countries Sami Mouley (ITCEQ). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°12 This MEDPRO Technical Report shows that the monetary and exchange rate policies conducted by central banks in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region display apparent homogeneity in their operational frameworks, albeit with some specificities and differing degrees of advancement. While central banks state that price stability is their ultimate objective, failures to control interest rates as operational objectives of monetary policy result in monetary authorities resorting to quantitative approaches to monetary policy, meaning that monetary aggregates and credit targets are being used as intermediate targets of monetary policy. An econometric exercise limited to Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia) has been conducted to analyse the potential scenarios of convergence and monetary policy coordination. Given the high structural heterogeneity and the slow pace of real convergence due to weak commercial integration in the Maghreb, results nevertheless show alternative dynamics in the integration of effective nominal exchange rates, as well as a complete convergence dynamic in exchange rate policies. Partial convergence of monetary policies regarding the stabilisation of inflation rates remains an open option for a transitional phase where financial integration is low. The report is in French with Executive Summaries in English and French. The Dynamics of Bank Efficiency in the European Union and the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean: Is there Convergence? Barbara Casu-Lukac, Alessandra Ferrari (CEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°33 It is a long-held belief among economists and policy-makers that financial development can help foster economic development through an improved allocation of savings and investment opportunities; (ii) the entry of foreign banks, which in turn fosters (iii) an influx of new capital; (iv) product and process innovation; (v) increased competition and (vi) an increased efficiency of the domestic banking system. The emerging consensus in the literature, however, is that, for financial development to be beneficial, certain conditions need to be met, including an adequate and operational regulatory structure, a well-defined supervisory authority, legal systems that reinforce property and creditor rights, restrained control of government over the financial system and macroeconomic stability. To achieve these objectives, governments in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries have embarked in reform programmes, but evidence shows they have been less comprehensive and far reaching compared to other developing and transition countries. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to assess the dynamics of bank efficiency for a large sample of countries located in the European Union and in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region over the period 1997 - 2010.The first part of the study examines the dynamics of efficiency for the banking industries of the sample countries via the estimation of stochastic frontiers, while recognizing the heterogeneous nature of banking technology across countries. The second part of the analysis assesses whether the banking systems in the sample countries are converging towards the same efficiency and technology. The paper concludes that the policy agenda for policymakers in the region should prioritise reforms that promote bank efficiency and financial sector stability simultaneously. Determinants of Financial Development across the Mediterranean Rym Ayadi, Emrah Arbak, Willem Pieter De Groen, Sami Ben-Naceur (CEPS and FEMISE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°29 Casual observation shows that that the financial systems in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean are unable (or unwilling) to divert the financial resources that are available to them as funding opportunities to private enterprises. Using a sample of Northern and Southern Mediterranean countries for the years 1985 to 2009, this study empirically assesses the reasons underlying such conditions. The results show that strong legal institutions, good democratic governance and adequate implementation of financial reforms can have a substantial positive impact on financial development only when they are present collectively. Moreover, inflation appears to undermine banking development, but less so when the capital account is open. Government debt growth appears to strongly weaken credit growth, which confirms that public debt “crowds out” private debt. Lastly, capital inflows appear to primarily have an income effect, increasing the incomes and thereby national savings and thus increasing the availability of credit. This paper has been submitted to a scientific journal; Emerging Markets Review. Financial Development, Bank Efficiency and Economic Growth across the Mediterranean Rym Ayadi, Emrah Arbak, Willem Pieter De Groen, Sami Ben-Naceur (CEPS and FEMISE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°30 The paper has looked at the relationship between financial sector and economic growth using a sample of Northern and Southern Mediterranean countries for the years 1985 to 2009. We included several variables to measure the development of the financial sector in order to account both for quantity and quality effects. The results indicate credit to private sector and bank deposit are in many specifications negatively associated to growth meaning that there are problems of credit allocation in the region and weak financial regulation and supervision. On the stock market side, the results seem to indicate that stock market size and its liquidity are playing a significant role in growth, especially when the quality of institution is low. Investment whether domestic or in the form of FDI contribute significantly to economic growth. Better institutions and low inflation are key growth factors. Initial GDP has a persistently and significantly negative impact on growth, which implies that poorer countries are catching up richer countries in terms of economic growth. This paper has been submitted to a scientific journal; European Journal of Political Economy. Benchmarking the Financial Sector and Designing 2030 Financial Sector Scenarios for the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean Rym Ayadi, Emrah Arbak, Willem Pieter De Groen, Sami Ben-Naceur (CEPS and FEMISE). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°31 This paper aims at devising scenarios for the development of the financial system in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region for the 2030 horizon. The results of our simulations indicate that bank credit to private sector, meta-efficiency and stock market turnover could reach at best respectively 108, 78 and 121 percent if Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries adopt the best practices in Europe. These scenarios are much higher those of the present levels in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region but still lower that the best performers in Europe. More specifically, we find that improving the quality of institutions, increasing per capita GDP, opening further capital account and lowering inflation are needed to enable the financial system in the region converge to those of Europe. Convergence and Integration of Financial Sectors in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries Rym Ayadi, Emrah Arbak, Willem Pieter De Groen (CEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°34 The MED-11 countries have faced substantial reforms in their financial sectors in recent years. This paper develops a number of indicators to assess and track the evolution of the adequacy of banking regulations using publicly available and comparable surveys for a large sample of countries since the early 2000s. To allow comparability across the Mediterranean, the section develops the measures for ten southern and eastern Mediterranean Countries and seven EU-Mediterranean countries. Seven distinct regulatory areas are identified for assessing the various dimensions of regulatory adequacy. These cover definition of banking, licensing requirements, capital requirements, independence and power of supervisor, presence of safety nets, disclosure and availability of credit information. MSMEs Access to Finance in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean: The Case for a Euro-Mediterranean Guarantee Initiative Rym Ayadi, Salim Gadi (CEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°35 Micro Small and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean suffer more from credit constraints than their counterparts in middle and high-income economies. Given their contribution to employment and growth, similarly as in other regions, policy-makers have developed credit guarantee schemes (CGS), in order to facilitate small companies’ access to debt capital. CGS are risk-sharing mechanisms under which a guarantor ensures the lender against a share of the possible losses he incurs when extending a loan. Despite the maturity of some schemes, credit to small companies in most countries in the region continues to lag behind. This paper builds on the results of an exclusive questionnaire addressed to CGS executives of Southern Mediterranean schemes between May and June 2011. It argues that the creation of a Euro-Mediterranean Guarantee Initiative (EMGI) would be a key step to alleviate SMEs access to finance in the region. First, the paper reviews the conditions of MSMEs’ access to finance in the South and Eastern Mediterranean and provides a description of the political background for such initiative; second, it assesses CGS characteristics and performance; thirdly, it introduces the EMGI, the objectives it should pursue as well as its potential impact. Financial Sector Development and Integration in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean: Towards a Long-Term Sustainable transition Rym Ayadi (CEPS). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°7 Drawing on the research conclusions under this field of study, this paper explores various reforms to enhance the financial sectors’ contribution to growth in the region. Among other findings, the Policy Paper underlines the need to support to small companies’ access to finance, through an enhancement of the financial infrastructure and regulatory convergence with the EU and the creation of a Euro-Mediterranean Guarantee Initiative (EMGI) gathering credit guarantee schemes from both shores of the Mediterranean. Memo: • Work Package 6: Financial Services and Capital Markets: Concept paper Rym Ayadi (CEPS). MEDPRO Memo • Technical & Methodological Note Sami Mouley (ITCEQ). MEDPRO Memo Database: • Finance Database Prepared by Emrah Arbak and Willem Pieter de Groen (CEPS) Human capital, Social Protection, Inequality and Migration Publications: Measuring Returns to Education and Human Capital in the Southern Mediterranean Emrah Arbak (CEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°17 Measuring human capital has been a significant challenge for economists because the main variable of interest is intangible and not directly observable. In the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region the task is further complicated by the general scarcity of comparable and reliable data. This study overcomes these challenges by relying on a unique international survey that covers most of the region and by deriving a market-based measure that uses returns to education and various labour market factors as guidance. The results show that private returns to schooling are relatively low in most Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMCs). Israel and Turkey are clear outliers, surpassing even the EU-MED averages. In Algeria and Jordan, the returns are almost flat, implying that earnings do not respond significantly to education levels. Despite high attainment levels, Greece, Spain and Portugal also perform badly; only marginally surpassing some of the bottom-ranked SMC, providing evidence of problems in absorption capacity. The baseline scenarios for 2030 show substantial sensitivity to current estimates on returns to education. In particular, improving attainment levels can produce measurable gains in the future only when the returns to education are already high. Such is the case for Egypt, Morocco and Turkey, which substantially improve their human capital stocks under the baseline scenarios, surpassing several EU-MED countries with little or no room for improvement. Female Labour Force Participation and Economic Development in Southern Mediterranean Countries: What scenarios for 2030? Stella Tsani, Leonidas Paroussos, Costas Fragiadakis, Ioannis Charalambidis (ICCS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°19 This paper investigates the relationship between female labour force participation rates and economic growth in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries. A two-step methodology involving econometric estimations and the use of a general equilibrium model was used for this purpose. The econometric estimations suggest that there is a U-shaped relationship between economic growth and female labour force participation rates and they indicate the presence of region-specific barriers impeding women's entry into the labour force in southern Mediterranean countries. The econometric results were fed into a general equilibrium model, the GEM-E3-MEDPRO, which was used to simulate two alternative assumptions on developments in female labour participation rates in the region up to 2030. The first of these simulated changes in female labour force participation rates arising from income level trends projected for the period 2015–2030 in southern Mediterranean countries. The second assumed the lowering of region-specific barriers which deter female labour force participation. The results of these simulations suggest that lower female labour force participation rates may lead to marginally lower economic growth in the region, while the removal of region-specific barriers to female labour force participation may encourage economic growth. This has important policy implications, suggesting that policies intended to remove such barriers could help to promote the growth of the region's economies. Education and Social Protection Systems in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries Alia el Mahdi, Ola el Khawaga, Ashraf el Araby (FEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°20 This report assesses the current status of the education and social protection systems in 11 southern and eastern Mediterranean countries. It compares these countries using various education indicators and attempts to highlight the main differences in the social protection systems among the countries using qualitative analysis. The report finds that despite the differences among the countries, they share a common feature: when measured by the UN Development Programme’s Human Development Index (HDI), their inequality-adjusted values are significantly lower than their HDI values and ranks when not taking inequality into account. Nevertheless, significant improvements have been achieved in all the quantitative indicators for education, while the qualitative performance is still modest in the majority of the countries studied. As to the social protection aspect, the research reveals that various social protection programmes are being adopted in the 11 countries. As most of their financing is covered by government budgets, however, this places a high fiscal burden on them. Yet few of the countries (Turkey being the most notable) are trying to improve the sustainability of their social insurance schemes. Inequality in the Southern Mediterranean: A Survey of Selected Countries Heba El Laithy (FEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°23 This paper addresses the issues of current levels of inequality: their trends, determinants and future scenarios, demonstrating that welfare levels are measured by per capita consumption. Location, educational attainment and employment status have been identified as the key factors affecting levels of welfare and its distribution. A benefit incidence analysis was performed to investigate benefits of different deciles of per capita expenditure from education and health services. The inequality patterns in countries under investigation present significant variations; countries such as Turkey, Morocco and Tunisia show relatively high inequality while others, such as Egypt or Syria, show moderate to low inequality. Inequality in human development was addressed using the inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), introduced by Global HDR 2010. The average loss in the HDI due to inequality in all Arab countries under investigation is about 20%. Two reference scenarios (optimistic and pessimistic) were used to project future paths up to 2020 and 2030. The impact of positive growth is increasing inequality and a shrinking middle class. Results show that the rich benefit most from this growth path. The opposite trend is observed for the pessimistic scenario. Human Capital, Inequality and Migration in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries: Towards a Coherent Policy Agenda Rym Ayadi, Alia El Mahdi (CEPS and FEPS). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°8 The future demographic structures in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region will undergo changes that require new sets of policies in employment and social fields due to the projected increases in the working age population. Past trends in education, human capital, skills mismatch, unemployment, migration and increasing levels of inequality point to malfunctioning social policies; if these trends continue they will turn the ‘demographic dividend’ to a ‘demographic curse’. Against this backdrop, this MEDPRO Policy Paper delves into the long term trends in the demographic, social and migration fields to propose policy recommendations for the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean and the EU that aim to promote sustainable patterns of socioeconomic development. Enhancing education quality, creating well-planned income distribution policies as well as reforming the EU’s current approach to migration feature among the man recommendations proposed by the authors. Memos: • Human capital as a determinant of migration flows in MED11: Migration’s scenarios for MED11 countries Boris Najman (CASE). MEDPRO Memo • Section on education systems in Tunisia Bouslama Néjib (ITCEQ). MEDPRO Memo • Section on social protection schemes: Adequacy and sustainability in Tunisia ITCEQ. MEDPRO Memo • Sections on education systems in Algeria, Libya and Morocco Hammad Kassal (IMRI). MEDPRO Memo • Sections on social protection schemes: Adequacy and sustainability in Algeria, Libya and Morocco Hammad Kassal (IMRI). MEDPRO Memo • Sections on education systems in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria FEPS. MEDPRO Memo • Sections on social protection schemes: Adequacy and sustainability in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria FEPS. MEDPRO Memo • Sections on education systems in Jordan and Palestine MAS. MEDPRO Memo • Sections on social protection schemes: Adequacy and sustainability in Jordan and Palestine MAS. MEDPRO Memo • Sections on education systems Israel and Turkey Emrah Arbak (CEPS) MEDPRO Memo • Sections on social protection schemes: Adequacy and sustainability in Israel and Turkey Emrah Arbak (CEPS). MEDPRO Memo Database: • Education and Social Protection Database Prepared by Emrah Arbak and Willem Pieter de Groen (CEPS) Scenario building and impact assessment Publications: Economic and Structural Database for the MEDPRO Project Leonidas Paroussos, Kostas Fragkiadakis, Ioannis Charalampidis, Stella Tsani, Pantelis Capros (ICCS). MEDPRO Report n°5 The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the economic and structural database compiled for the MEDPRO project. The research team of the E3M Lab, ICCS, has developed an extensive database which includes figures on governance, development indicators, infrastructure, finance, environment, energy and agriculture for the countries studied in the MEDPRO project. In addition other data has been compiled: detailed social accounting, bilateral trade, consumption and investment matrices for each of the countries under study. The compilation of the database has combined several data sources, ranging from the scholarly literature to the international financial institutions (such as the IMF, World Bank etc) and the national statistical offices. The construction of the economic and structural database faced significant limitations associated with the data scarcity and the lack of detailed matrices available from official national or international sources for most of the countries. In the presence of data scarcity, an extensive part of the research has regarded the employment of the available data in tandem with appropriate balancing methods, so as to derive the final data set. The MEDPRO dataset is publically available. Quantitative Reference Scenario for the MEDPRO Project Leonidas Paroussos, Kostas Fragkiadakis, Ioannis Charalampidis, Stella Tsani and Pantelis Capros (ICCS). MEDPRO Report n°6 In general equilibrium models the reference scenario is important, as the evaluation of the alternative policies modelled is based on their deviation from the reference scenario. The reference scenario relates to the development of an economic outlook for each region and sector of the model. This means that assumptions are made about the main drivers of growth, e.g. population growth and technical progress. This report provides the main assumptions used for the development of the reference scenario in the MEDPRO project. The report also provides a brief country and sectoral overview for each of the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries covered by the MEDPRO project. Macroeconomic scenarios for the Euro-Mediterranean area quantified using the GEM-E3 model Leonidas Paroussos, Kostas Fragkiadakis, Ioannis Charalampidis, Stella Tsani and Pantelis Capros (ICCS). MEDPRO Report n°7 This report documents the work completed for the scenario building and impact assessment of the MEDPRO project. The goal of this research field is to simulate alternative economic development scenarios for the Euro-Mediterranean region which focus on cooperation policy. The research work for this purpose included extensive data collection, model calibration and scenario construction using the GEM-E3-MEDPRO model, a computable general equilibrium model derived from the standard GEM-E3 model and extended for the MEDPRO project. The scenarios simulate the implementation of policies associated with: i) Euro-Mediterranean cooperation (QII), ii) the development of global policy of the Mediterranean countries i.e. opening up and cooperation with the rest of Middle East countries and other developing countries like China (QIII) and iii) a deterioration of the political climate in the region (QIV). The scenarios are compared to the reference scenario (QI) which assumes continuation of current Euro-Mediterranean policies. Memos: • Assumptions and definition of alternative quantitative scenarios Zoi Vrontisi, Leonidas Paroussos, Stella Tsani, Panagiotis Karkatsoulis and Pantelis Capros (ICCS). MEDPRO Memo • Consolidated report on quantitative reference scenario and assumptions and definitions of alternative scenarios for the water sector Consuelo Varela-Ortega, Gema Carmona, Irene Blanco, Paloma Esteve, Tamara Rabah (UPM). MEDPRO Memo Database: • Economic and Structural Database Prepared by Pantelis Capros (ICCS) Scenarios for Regional Integration and Cooperation with the EU Publications: EU Migration Policy in the wake of the Arab Spring: What prospects for EU-Southern Mediterranean Relations? Sergio Carrera, Joanna Parkin, Leonhard den Hertog (CEPS). Technical Paper n°15 The outbreak of the Arab Spring and the unrest, revolution and war that followed during the course of 2011 have forced the EU to acknowledge the need to radically re-think its policy approach towards the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, including in the domain of migration. Migration and mobility now feature as key components of High Representative Catherine Ashton’s new framework for cooperation with the region (Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity), while the EU has declared its intention to strengthen its external migration policy by setting up “mutually beneficial” partnerships with third countries – so-called ‘Dialogues for Migration, Mobility and Security’ – now placed at the centre of the EU’s renewed Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM). However, the success of this approach and its potential to establish genuine cooperative partnerships that will support smooth economic and political transformation in North Africa hinge on the working arrangements and institutional configurations shaping the renewed GAMM at EU level which has long been marked by internal fragmentation, a lack of transparency and a predominance of home affairs and security actors. This paper investigates the development of the Dialogues for Migration, Mobility and Security with the Southern Mediterranean in a post-Lisbon Treaty institutional setting. It asks to what extent has the application of the Lisbon Treaty and the creation of an “EU Foreign Minister” in High Representative Ashton, supported by a European External Action Service (EEAS), remedied or re-invigorated the ideological and institutional struggles around the implementation of the Global Approach? Who are the principal agents shaping and driving the Dialogues for Migration, Mobility and Security? Who goes abroad to speak on the behalf of the EU in these Dialogues and what impact does this have on the effectiveness, legitimacy and accountability of the Dialogues under the renewed GAMM as well as the wider prospects for the Southern Mediterranean? What Scenarios for the Euro-Mediterranean in 2030 in the Wake of the Post-Arab spring? Rym Ayadi, Carlo Sessa (CEPS and ISIS). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°2 In the wake of the Arab Spring, the Southern Mediterranean region has reached a turning point in its history, presenting many opportunities and challenges for the EU. In this MEDPRO Policy Paper, Rym Ayadi and Carlo Sessa explore various possible scenarios that could play out in EU-Mediterranean relations over the next two decades but find, lamentably, that the EU has set itself on a ‘business as usual’ course, leaving the region open to further polarization and the involvement of other external players. This paper has been updated twice to factor in the adaptations brought to the MEDPRO scenarios. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and Financial Assistance: Past Trends and Future Scenarios Rym Ayadi, Salim Gadi (CEPS). MEDPRO Technical Paper n°32 The 2011 uprisings in the Southern Mediterranean have put the region at the forefront of current policy developments, questioning the future of their domestic political systems and the future of the EU partnership with its Southern and Eastern Neighborhood. Against this backdrop, this paper analyses and assesses EU’s development assistance to the region since 1995 and provides insight for the future of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. First, the paper reviews the policy and financing frameworks governing Euro-Mediterranean relations; second, it examines the determinants of Official Development Assistance (ODA), third, it analyses the impact of EU’s ODA to the Southern Mediterranean against the objectives set in the different policy frameworks governing Euro-Mediterranean relations; and fourth, it assesses EU’s response to the changes in the region and section five provides four prospective views on the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations. Scenarios and Transitions towards a Sustainable Euro-Mediterranean in 2030 Rym Ayadi, Carlo Sessa (CEPS and ISIS). MEDPRO Policy Paper n°9 In the aftermath of the Arab Spring events, the Mediterranean region has reached a turning point in its history, presenting as many opportunities as challenges for the EU. In this MEDPRO Policy Paper, Rym Ayadi and Carlo Sessa examine and assess various possible scenarios that could play out in EU-Mediterranean relations over the next two decades and offer recommendations towards long-term sustainable transitions. Memos: • What Future for the Mediterranean in 2030: Methodological Framework Rym Ayadi and Carlo Sessa (CEPS and ISIS). MEDPRO Background Paper • Assumptions and definition of alternative quantitative scenarios Zoi Vrontisi, Leonidas Paroussos, Stella Tsani, Panagiotis Karkatsoulis and Pantelis Capros (ICCS). MEDPRO Memo Potential Impact: Impact of MEDPRO: Dissemination activities and exploitation of results Strategic impact The countries in the East and South Mediterranean region face the challenge of coping with huge problems over the coming decades: economic and financial reforms, trade liberalization, upgrading infrastructure, more prudent management of natural resources (economically and environmentally), fighting poverty and inequality, eradication of illiteracy, overhaul of education system and securing equal access of boys and girls to education, elimination of other forms of female discrimination, reform of labour markets aiming in diminishing chronic unemployment, improving access to water and sanitation, coping with climate warming mitigation and adaptation, further improvement of health standards and many others. On the institutional and political front the task is to build a democratic and secular state of rule of law and respect to civil rights and freedoms, which will not contradict the dominant cultural and religious tradition in the region. These challenges will require both political will and good governance at the level of each individual country and the outcome will both determine and interact with a number of cultural and social factors. The MEDPRO project aims at helping this process by enhancing the level of information and knowledge on the challenges and providing deeper insight into the policy options. Having undertaken over three years a deep qualitative and quantitative foresight analysis of the main developmental challenges in the eleven countries of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, The impact of MEDPRO is threefold: 1. Reinforcement of research links across the Mediterranean; 2. Enhancing the knowledge on political and socio-economic development issues in the region and assessment and clarification of the issues facing the EU and the MED11 countries in the formulation and implementation of policies aiming at approximation and integration in line with the objectives of the European Neighborhood Policy and the Union for the Mediterranean. 3. Provision of evidence based policy recommendations for Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries. The reinforcement of research links across the Mediterranean was achieved through the participation of research institutions from Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Palestine and experts originating from the 11 countries of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean. Partner institutions and their experts provided the necessary qualitative and quantitative inputs for MEDPRO research in addition of having carried several fieldwork missions. Not only partners have been extensively engaged in research activities, but they have also actively participated in the organization of Stakeholders Engagement Meetings in Barcelona, Tunis, and Cairo. Furthermore, MEDPRO’s outputs are publicly disseminated through the project’s website in an effort to stimulate future state of the art research on the area. The scientific contribution to the formulation of EU policies vis à vis Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries is a key impact of the MEDPRO Project. The scenario analysis undertaken in each research area of the project provides fresh evidence on the long term outlook of the region taking into account its current context in the areas of politics and institutions, demography, health, ageing, human capital, economic and gender inequality, social protection, migration, energy and climate change, management of environment and natural resources, economic development, trade, investment and sectoral policies, financial services and capital markets. MEDPRO’s research and policy recommendations are of particular relevance for the EU and the region in the medium to long term in the current context of the post “Arab Spring”. As uprisings in the region unfurled, partners have undertaken an exceptional effort to amend the research agenda when relevant and incorporate the current developments in their foresight analysis. In addition to this, the project’s recommendations have been fine tuned in the final phase of MEDPRO through the organization of Stakeholders’ Engagement Meetings, where researchers and experts presented their preliminary result to an audience of policymakers, civil society representatives from the region and the EU. In the same line of thought, a key impact of the MEDPRO Project is the provision of evidence based policy recommendations to Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries’ policymakers. Indeed, while a high proportion of the project’s recommendations address Euro-Mediterranean cooperation, they are also a tool for strategic advice for policy and decision makers in the region. This was demonstrated during the high level Stakeholder Engagement Meetings, where high level officials and representatives from national authorities as well as representatives of the private sector as well as civil society discussed the project’s recommendations, made proposals to refine the recommendations and increase their relevance in their respective countries’ contexts in the fields of education, social protection, energy, environmental management, international trade, finance, and economics. Use and dissemination of the foreground Target audiences and dissemination measures The dissemination strategy of the project is aimed to present its results and findings to the following different audiences: 1. Policy makers and stakeholders 2. Academics 3. Students and young researchers 4. The public at large To ensure an efficient dissemination effort and maximize the outreach of the project, a three step dissemination policy has been set. First, at the beginning of the project a dedicated flyer MEDPRO flyer giving the project’s identity and summarizing the projects endeavors has been designed and printed. In this phase, the website has also been created as the key tool to disseminate the project’s outputs. Both are available in English, French and Arabic. Second, the first newsletter of the project was made available to the public and sent to interested audiences in the EU and the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region following the creation of stakeholders’ contacts database which has been updated and amplified over the three years of research. To ensure a follow-up with previous studies on the region, the database included the contacts of the Commission Expert Group on the Mediterranean. It was uploaded on the website and sent to the audiences every six months. As the website, the newsletter is available in English, French and Arabic. Third, at the end of the project, a booklet was designed describing MEDPRO and summarizing all the project’s publications. The booklet was circulated among the final conference’s audience and will be further disseminated after the project’s end to raise awareness on MEDPRO’s research and findings. Beyond this, different strategies have been used to reach out the three audiences. Policy makers and business community: The two main mechanisms for reaching policy-makers and the business community in Brussels and in the Mediterranean region are through the circulation (in paper and electronic form) of policy briefs prepared in each work package; and the organization of Stakeholder Engagement Meetings Three series of two-day meetings were held in Barcelona (November 2011), Tunis (November 2012) and Cairo (January 2013). MEDPRO Coordinator Dr. Rym Ayadi invited H.E. Ridha Saidi, Minister of Economic Affairs of Tunisia; H.E. Osama Kamal, Minister of Petroleum and Natural Resources of the Arab Republic of Egypt; Ambassador Gamal Bayoumi, Former Diplomat and President of the Federation of Arab Investors. The meetings were also attended by high level officials from the European External Action Service (EEAS); the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); national ministries, and public bodies. In addition, MEDPRO Coordinator established several dissemination partnerships with different partners. For example a partnership was concluded with Scoopit, a FP7 program consisting in a platform disseminating FP7 programs policy relevant findings through regular and targeted alerts as well as newsletters. Academics: The project participants are all experienced in working on policy-relevant research and in presenting the results to public officials. However, at the same time they are all academic institutions or public bodies which give great importance to publication in academic media. The core outputs are available initially as technical papers, both from the project web site and in the discussion paper series of the individual participants. After the project’s end, participants will submit them for presentation at suitable conferences so as to obtain feedback on them and then submit them for journal publication after coordination with MEPDPRO’s Steering Committee/Scientific Bureau. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of MEDPRO, each work package leader will identify a number of academic journals in the field of the work programme. The best technical papers will be submitted. This is due to the fact that the Arab Spring erupted over the course of the project and stakeholders meetings resulted in fine-tuning the research, preventing from previous submission to peer reviewed publications. Also, to promote academic awareness of the research the newsletter was sent to academics and they were regularly invited to the project’s conferences. Dissemination partnerships were also concluded with research institutions active in the field of Euro-Mediterranean Affairs such as the Euro-Mediterranean Studies Commission (EuroMeSCo); the United Nations Blue Plan; the International Centre for Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM); and the Forum Euro-Méditerranéen des Sciences Economiques (FEMISE). Students and young researchers Taking into account the preponderance of youth in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean; the long term nature of challenges facing the region and the crucial need to further develop research on the area, MEDPRO Coordinator partnered with the Centre Ernest Lluch of the Consorci Universitat Internacional Menendez Pelayo in Barcelona to organize a summer school: Trends and Tensions in the Euro-Mediterranean. The two days seminar held in July 2012 in Barcelona, not only presented MEDPRO’s research findings, but also gathered renowned experts in the fields of migration, environmental research, as well as Southern Mediterranean economic and political analysts with a view to disseminate results and knowledge on the region, its evolution and the challenges ahead. Among other speakers, the seminar included server members of the Commission Mediterranean Experts group. The Public at Large: The public at large was targeted through the printed and online media thanks a vast network of contacts in EU and Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries’ media. Newsletters and policy papers relevant to the journalists’ interests were sent to them. To maximize outreach to the general audience, MEDPRO Coordinator established dissemination partnerships with online media specialized in the region, such as Econostrum, Le JMED and the European Neighbourhood Policy Information Centre as well as with the Anna Lindh Foundation who were updated ion a timely basis on the project’s results and policy findings to raise awareness of the project. Furthermore, the dissemination of the MEDPRO’s outputs will last beyond the end of the project with the creation of the Euro-Mediterranean Economists’ Association (EMEA). EMEA’s creation responds to a revived interest in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean with the eruption of the “Arab Spring”. During the three year MEDPRO project the MEDPRO Researchers have actively participated in numerous conferences and other events. Below an overview of the most notable events is presented: • In May 2010, Dr Rym Ayadi, the Coordinator of MEDPRO, presented the project at a high-level meeting on the Mediterranean 2030, organized by IPEMED and IACE in Hammamet. • On 1-3 September 2010, Dr. Manfred Hafner presented the first MEDPRO results concerning “North-African Solar Electricity for Europe: Does it make sense?” at the “Asian-Europe Environment Forum 2010 Conference” in Munich, where a specific workshop dealt with solar-thermal energy including Desertec. • In October 2010, Dr. Rym Ayadi gave a speech about the future of access to finance in the Mediterranean in MedaFinance 2010 in Cairo, financed under EU-funded invest in med program. • On 21 February 2011, Dr. Rym Ayadi was also invited to the MENA-OECD Working Group on SME Policy, Entrepreneurship and Human Capital Development organised in Casablanca, where she spoke about the incentives to promote financing to small and medium-sized enterprises. • On 22-25 February 2011, Dr. Rym Ayadi was invited to the 26th Session of the Intergovernmental Committee of Experts of North Africa organised by the United Nations Economic Committee for Africa in Rabat. The Committee contributed the recommendations presented to the Conference of African Finance, Planning and Development Ministers of 24-29 March 2011 in Addis Ababa. Dr. Rym Ayadi made an intervention on the role of states in financing development. • On 19-20 May 2011, Dr. Rym Ayadi was invited to a high level meeting in Tunisia to discuss the future of EU-Tunisia cooperation after the revolution. • On 27-28 May 2011, Dr. Rym Ayadi gave a speech in Casablanca on the future of Euro-Mediterranean Partnership after the 2011 upheavals. • On 20 June 2011, Dr. Rym Ayadi presented MEDPRO’s first conclusions at a high level meeting in Sfax, Tunisia about the role of the EU in promoting regional and local development. • On 2 February 2012, Dr. Rym Ayadi spoke at University Paris Dauphine on the socio-economic challenges facing the region post-Arab Spring. • On 29 February–02 March 2012, Dr. Rym Ayadi discussed in the German Marshall Fund of the United States High Level Mediterranean Strategy Group in Naples about the future of the financial sector in the Mediterranean post-Arab Spring. • On 1-3 April 2012, Dr. Rym Ayadi spoke at the Euro-Med conference on research and innovation in Barcelona on changing science in changing societies. • On 25 April 2012, Dr Rym Ayadi spoke at the Deauville high-level partnership event in Paris on a blueprint for MSME financing in the Mediterranean. • On 27 April 2012, Dr. Rym Ayadi spoke at the Annual Realités forum on the future of the Mediterranean in Tunis. • On 10-11 May 2012, Dr. Rym Ayadi was invited to the European Savings Banks Group in Marrakech to speak about the future of access to finance in the Mediterranean. • On 19 November 2012, Dr. Rym Ayadi gave a speech at the OECD-GMF high-level meeting in Naples. • On 23-24 November 2012, Dr. Rym Ayadi spoke at the FEMISE Annual Conference in Marrakech. • On 24-25 January 2013, Dr. Rym Ayadi gave a speech at the Final MIRA Conference in Marrakech. • On 18-19 February 2013, Dr. Rym Ayadi gave a speech at the ETC Final Conference in Tunis.   Exploitation of foreground and Follow-up of MEDPRO: The Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association (EMEA) Description of EMEA EMEA has been founded by the MEDPRO Coordinator and partners of the project with the ultimate goal to pursue MEDPRO’s willingness to contribute decisively to the transition process in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean by providing state of the art scientific underpinning to the policy decisions to be taken at the EU and Southern Mediterranean levels. EMEA Mission: The wave of recent Arab uprisings has created new uncertainties and challenges in the Mediterranean region. A profound transition process of varying magnitudes is underway. Its outcome will be determined by the interaction between a number of political, socio-economic and geopolitical factors calling both on governments and external actors to redesign and implement new and specific strategies able to cope with the new realities unfolding in the region. Aimed at contributing to an understanding of the changing realities in the region, the Euro Mediterranean Economists Association- EMEA brings together leading economists and high-level experts to think for the future of the Euro - Mediterranean. It serves as a leading forum for debate on the political and socio-economic reforms in the south and east Mediterranean with the aim of promoting sustainability and regional economic integration. It will strive to contribute to the rethinking of the Euro-Mediterranean policies in view of the new dynamics of a multi-polar world. EMEA Goals: • To monitor and to contribute to the reform processes in the political, economic and social agendas • To identify trends, signals and analyze uncertainties and prospects • To provide recommendations on the future of regional integration and Euro Mediterranean policies • To disseminate new political and socio-economic thinking and views through a regular flow of publications and public events • To develop a network of excellence of economists and high level experts in the Euro- o Mediterranean region EMEA Activities • Develop an observatory of socio-economic reforms and prospects • Develop a Euro Mediterranean Economic Council-EMEC EMEA Publications: • Edited volumes • Policy papers • White papers • Commentaries • Newsletters • Roundtables • Annual conference Between month 1 and 3 of EMEA’s activity, the Association EMEA Founders and Senior Expert Members will develop an action plan defining the Association’s priorities and a strategy to widen the impact of MEDPRO’s research, widen it beyond the project’s initial endeavors and develop new activities. Plan for exploitation of foreground During EMEA’s first 3 months of operations, the Association will implement a two step dissemination strategy for MEDPRO outputs. - First, policy papers written under the different work packages of MEDPRO will be re-labelled according to the EMEA’s visual layout, and will be sent to all contacts in the database compiled for MEDPRO’s dissemination. Policy papers will be distributed for several reasons. First, as the contacts are already aware of the research that has been undertaken within the project and are acquainted with its results, it will be now necessary to anchor EMEA’s identity and clearly state that the association indents to ensure the follow up of MEDPRO . In the meantime, the Association will expand its contacts database, to increase outreach. - Second, as the database is expanded and EMEA’s identity is recognized, MEDPRO’s Reports will be put online and circulated. When relevant, the results and the ensuing recommendations will be updated with the latest data. As the data used in MEDPRO reports was the most up to date, it will be necessary to wait until new data are released by statistical offices to assess their relevance and the overall need to update the research. After the completion of these two phases, EMEA Members will hold the first General Assembly to discuss the Association’s orientations and work programme to agree on a set of thematic working groups inspired by MEDPRO, their internal research tasks and outputs and their sequencing. Besides the activities that are yet to be agreed among members, the association will also organize public events targeting policy and decision makers as well as academics and the public at large. These will build on the results of MEDPRO research and will aim at enriching the debate on Euro-Mediterranean relations beyond the findings and implications of MEDPRO. List of Websites: www.medpro-foresight.eu Dr. Rym Ayadi, MEDPRO Scientific Coordinator, CEPS Senior Fellow, Head of Financial Institutions and Prudential Policy Unit, Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS).

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en 3519977 en 96292 244578 MEDPRO de,en,es,fr,it,pl 864 FP7-SSH http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/index.cfm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 11984 SSH-2009-7.1.2 10422 SSH-7.1 10421 SSH-7 14933 SSH 864 FP7-SSH 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA de,en,es,fr,it,pl COO de,en,es,fr,it,pl 89672 Arab countries around the Mediterranean are in constant turmoil, often nullifying established EU agreements and giving rise to numerous challenges. A new vision must emerge to address the regional turmoil. 2013-01-28 11:00:05 de,en,es,fr,it,pl enviro en brief en en,any /docs/results/images/2013-01/147517.jpg en en,any /docs/results/244578/final1-medpro-scientific-report.pdf http://www.medpro-foresight.eu Belgium BE 188385832 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam es de,en,es,fr,it,pl 93012 Los Estados miembros y el Consejo de la Unión Europea han desarrollado una serie de diez iniciativas de programación conjunta (JPI) destinadas a subsanar la fragmentación de las iniciativas, los programas y las políticas de investigación en toda Europa. Puesto que en las JPI participan distintas instituciones de diferentes países, cada uno con sus propios procedimientos, se precisan condiciones marco (CM) que fomenten la armonización de la planificación y de la puesta en práctica.

El proyecto http://www.jpis2cowork.eu/ (JPIS TO CO-WORK) (JPI's: A process of mutual learning: Towards a common adoption of framework) se estableció con el propósito de proporcionar directrices sobre las CM necesarias para incrementar el grado de eficiencia de la planificación y la puesta en práctica de las JPI. El objetivo principal de la acción de apoyo consistía en organizar un proceso de aprendizaje mutuo entre las JPI vigentes. Su enfoque era principalmente los retos comunes y las contribuciones de las JPI al Espacio Europeo de Investigación (EEI) dentro de la estrategia Europa 2020. Los integrantes del proyecto seleccionaron los planteamientos óptimos de las CM conformando un lenguaje común para su desarrollo ulterior. El plan de trabajo cubrió la estructura de gestión del proyecto, actividades de planificación y a nivel estratégico, así como labores operativas de las JPI. Se elaboró un documento titulado «A Functional Approach to Joint Programming Initiatives» que ayudó a aclarar debates abiertos en torno a la programación conjunta y sentó las bases para abordar las CM en los talleres de los proyectos. Los esfuerzos relacionados con las CM se centraron en la organización de talleres en los que los participantes pudieran intercambiar experiencias. Al término de cada taller se redactó un informe definitivo. En el sitio web se dispone de documentos, presentaciones y materiales relacionados. Estas son las CM definidas por el Comité del EEI como funciones esenciales que deberán ser asumidas por las JPI: procedimientos de revisión inter pares, actividades de prospectiva, evaluación de la programación conjunta, financiación de investigación transfronteriza por autoridades nacionales o regionales, difusión y aprovechamiento óptimos de los hallazgos de las investigaciones, y protección, gestión y uso compartido de los derechos de propiedad intelectual. Otros temas sopesados para su posible inclusión en la lista de CM fueron la gobernanza, la evaluación ex ante y la innovación. El proyecto ha realizado una contribución positiva al desarrollo de las CM en todas las JPI por medio de revisiones de los documentos y las experiencias existentes y mediante la implementación de un proceso de intercambio y aprendizaje mutuo. Sus actividades prestan apoyo a la comunidad investigadora al dotarle de un lenguaje común y de instrumentos operativos de utilidad para las JPI. La labor realizada por el proyecto ha proporcionado un foro que ha favorecido un debate y un intercambio continuos de experiencias y mejores prácticas. Mediante un proceso de aprendizaje mutuo, las JPI actuales y futuras estarán en mejor disposición para decidir entre las opciones que tienen a su alcance a la hora de aplicar las CM. La implementación de las CM será eficaz y de gran calidad al haber una perspectiva común de los temas que precisan atención y también un consenso sobre los planteamientos a seguir. En suma, para responsables políticos, investigadores y demás interesados será ahora más sencillo acceder a las JPI. El informe definitivo, titulado «A Technical Annex for the Voluntary Guidelines on Framework Conditions for Joint Programming in Research» recoge los hallazgos más importantes del proyecto. Se puede consultar en el http://www.jpis2cowork.eu (sitio web del proyecto).

2015-11-13 15:15:19 de,en,es,fr,it,pl indust en brief en 101037 291839 JPIs TO CO-WORK de,en,es,fr,it,pl 891 FP7-GA http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 16658 ERA-FC.2011.1 10965 ERANET 12192 GA 891 FP7-GA 846 FP7-COOPERATION 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl EVA en 163789 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam http://www.jpis2cowork.eu es de,en,es,fr,it,pl,any /docs/results/images/2015-10/163789.jpg España ES 242387496