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en en 199479 617516-620-2 ETASECS (Extremely Thin Absorbers for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage) investigates iron oxide (Fe2O3) photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar water splitting as a viable means for hydrogen production from renewable sources: water and sunlight. Building upon our...

ETASECS (Extremely Thin Absorbers for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage) investigates iron oxide (Fe2O3) photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar water splitting as a viable means for hydrogen production from renewable sources: water and sunlight. Building upon our previous studies that have demonstrated remarkable stability and potential to achieve high efficiency using thin (20-30 nm) films of iron oxide on specular back reflectors such as silver-coated glass substrates, ETASECS aims to improve the performance of these photoanodes and combine them with photovoltaic (PV) cells to create PEC-PV tandem cells that convert solar energy to hydrogen. To achieve this ambitious goal, we pursue a multidisciplinary research with experimental studies, theory and modeling that combine materials science and engineering, electrochemistry, surface and interface science, optics and nanophotonics, solid state physics, semiconductor device physics and photovoltaics to develop a new technology for solar energy conversion and storage in the form of hydrogen fuel. Toward this end, we seek to understand the underlying physical and electrochemical processes that limit the performance of iron oxide photoanodes and devise viable solutions to overcome these limitations through material design at the nanoscale and innovative device architectures designed for optimal light harvesting and charge separation, transport and collection with maximal efficiency for solar water splitting. In this midterm report we report the main achievements obtained in the first half term of the project. Our first efforts were devoted to optimizing the deposition of iron oxide thin films on substrates with transparent electrodes or metallic reflectors for photoanode fabrication and testing. Using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sputtering to deposit metal-oxide and metal layers, respectively, we optimized the deposition process to obtain reproducible deposition of high quality films with controlled structure, morphology and composition. This enabled systematic studies of the effect of crystal structure and orientation, chemical composition (doping) and surface structure on the photoelectrochemical properties and performance of our devices. We explored different dopants and doping schemes and found that heterogeneous doping profiles with different dopants in different sections of the device give rise to enhanced charge separation and reduced recombination that enable to achieve higher photocurrent at lower applied bias than conventional homogenous doping profiles. This provides a new path to improve the performance of iron oxide photoanodes. We developed new analytical methods to study the charge carrier dynamics in iron oxide photoanodes. These methods can also be applied to study other materials. They enable rigorous analysis of different losses such as surface recombination that degrade the device performance. This is important for rational optimization of the photoanodes by identifying the most critical losses and observing how they respond to different modifications in material compositions, process conditions and device architectures that aim to minimize these losses. We discovered that some of the photo-generated charge carriers can travel large distances – much larger than previously thought – and contribute to the photocurrent, whereas others are short-lived and they do not contribute to the photocurrent. Further work is ongoing to understand the difference between productive and non-productive excitations and try to maximize the productive ones and minimize the non-productive ones. We explored light trapping schemes using gold nanoparticles and white diffuser layers and found them to be less effective than the resonant light trapping method that we developed several years ago (Dotan et al., Nature Materials, 2013). Therefore, we continue to put our main efforts in this promising direction. We found that concentrated solar radiation improves the performance of iron oxide photoanodes, up to concentrations of ~30 Suns. This provides a new path to high performance. Besides working on material design and light trapping architectures, we also made important progress toward the integration of PEC cells with PV cells, and the design of large-area solar plants with millions of PEC-PV tandem cells. One of the greatest challenges in such solar plants arises from the distributed nature of the sunlight that necessitates a large number (millions) of solar cells to produce enough hydrogen. Collecting hydrogen gas from millions of cells is a major challenge that requires an immense gas piping construction, sealing, and special safety measures to prevent hydrogen intermixing with oxygen. These challenges put a heavy burden on the hydrogen production economy. We found a way to separate the hydrogen production from the oxygen production, thereby enabling the construction of PEC solar plants that produce only oxygen (and electrical power) whereas the hydrogen is produced elsewhere in a central hydrogen generator. This invention is a complete game change for large-area PEC solar water splitting plants. We will develop this concept further in the proof-of-concept follow-up research.

2017-06-21 14:58:15 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en 3099021 TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

IL

en 3729764 en 185663 617516 ETASECS de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 18746 ERC-CG-2013-PE8 18742 ERC-CG-PE 18766 ERC-CG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT de,en,es,fr,it,pl IND de,en,es,fr,it,pl CON Israel IL 307661352 en en 185663 617516 ETASECS ETASECS aims at making a breakthrough in the development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar-powered water splitting that can be readily integrated with PV cells to provide storage capacity in the form of hydrogen. It builds upon our recent invention for resonant li... 2014-09-01 2019-08-31 2014-09-01 2019-08-31 2017-06-05 09:53:04 111222 ERC-2013-CoG en 1906564 999907720 TECHNION - ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

IL www.technion.ac.il

en HES en 3679307 en 3679306 Israel IL 307661352 de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 18746 ERC-CG-2013-PE8 18742 ERC-CG-PE 18766 ERC-CG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT de,en,es,fr,it,pl IND de,en,es,fr,it,pl CON en 199479 ETASECS (Extremely Thin Absorbers for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage) investigates iron oxide (Fe2O3) photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar water splitting as a viable means for hydrogen production from renewable sources: water and sunlight. Building upon our... 2017-06-21 14:58:15 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en ERC-CG en en 201456 617256-620-2 We explore the growth of nanowires based on heavy elements, such as InSb and PbTe. Due to their special electronic and thermal properties, these materials have promising applications in topological quantum computation and thermoelectrics. We focus on the growth of high quality...

We explore the growth of nanowires based on heavy elements, such as InSb and PbTe. Due to their special electronic and thermal properties, these materials have promising applications in topological quantum computation and thermoelectrics. We focus on the growth of high quality InSb wires and new wire architectures, such as networks. In addition, we develop a new class of nanowires based on II-IV-VI elements. During the first phase of the project we have developed an approach to fabricate nanowire networks. The basic platform for this is a (100)-crystal oriented substrate in which trenches have been etched exposing (111)B facets. Using ebeam lithography, catalyst particles have been defined on these sloped facets. When two wires grow from opposing facets they can merge, forming a network. In addition, this geometry has been used to shadow-grow superconductor islands on the wires. By tuning the number of wires standing in front of another wire, the number of superconducting islands can be defined. The superconductor has been grown epitaxially, thereby creating an excellent interface between the semiconductor and the superconductor. This generic approach can be used for many other materials systems and allows for the bottom-up growth of complete quantum circuits. Transport studies on these hashtags and shadow-grown structures show extremely clean data, phase coherent transport and a hard induced superconducting gap. These are the key ingredients for a Majorana braiding operation. With these wires a quantized zero bias peak (at 2e2/h) has been observed for the first time, which is strong additional evidence for the existence of Majorana fermions. We expect that we can start first Majorana braiding experiments this year in InSb hashtags with superconducting Al islands. Thermal and electric transport of InSb nanowires are studied to reveal their thermoelectric properties. Due to the small dimensions the phonons are scattered at the nanowire surface and therefore thermal transport is largely suppressed by a factor 100 compared to bulk material. At the same time, these thin wires only host one electronic transport channel and since the wire are very pure and defect free they show ballistic transport (at low temperatures). The Seebeck coefficient has been determined for individual wires. Goal is combine these features to obtain a high thermoelectric efficiency at room temperature. We have installed a thermal imaging system which we have used to study the thermal transport mechanism through a single nanostructure. Thermal transport has always been considered to be diffusive following Fourier’s law. Recently, hydrothermal transport has been predicted by theory and could form the basis for logical thermal devices, for instance thermal gates and diodes. We have obtained first indications for hydrothermal transport and thermal rectification in our nanostructures. Aim is to further investigate this mechanism and to explore this effect for thermal devices.

2017-07-24 18:41:53 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en 3098801 TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT

NL

en 3725824 en 191297 617256 HELENA de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 18764 ERC-CG-2013-PE5 18742 ERC-CG-PE 18766 ERC-CG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT Netherlands NL 391547432 en en 191297 617256 HELENA "Nanowires are a powerful and versatile platform for a broad range of applications. Among all semiconductors, the heavy-elements materials exhibit the highest electron mobilities, strongest spin-orbit coupling and best thermoelectric properties. Nonetheless, heavy-element nan... 2014-09-01 2019-08-31 2014-09-01 2019-08-31 2015-03-11 22:05:47 111222 ERC-2013-CoG en 1905872 999977366 TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT

NL www.tudelft.nl

en HES en 3137734 en 3137733 Netherlands NL 391547432 en 1905865 999977269 TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN

NL www.tue.nl/en/

en HES en 3137735 Netherlands NL 391547432 de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 18764 ERC-CG-2013-PE5 18742 ERC-CG-PE 18766 ERC-CG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT en 201456 We explore the growth of nanowires based on heavy elements, such as InSb and PbTe. Due to their special electronic and thermal properties, these materials have promising applications in topological quantum computation and thermoelectrics. We focus on the growth of high quality... 2017-07-24 18:41:53 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en ERC-CG en en 201430 258616-615-4 In 2009, graphene was the king of the nano-materials world. This single atom thick, 2-dimensional (2D) material was known to have unique electrical and mechanical properties and was the most exciting nano-material around. For five years researchers had studied it in great...

In 2009, graphene was the king of the nano-materials world. This single atom thick, 2-dimensional (2D) material was known to have unique electrical and mechanical properties and was the most exciting nano-material around. For five years researchers had studied it in great detail, learned to make it a number of ways and were beginning to demonstrate its potential in real applications. Some researchers were aware that other 2D materials existed but most didn’t pursue this alternative line of research, perhaps because such materials couldn’t be made in large quantities. In any case, graphene was the only game in town, wasn’t it? Around this time, Jonathan Coleman, a professor in Trinity College Dublin, had developed a method for producing good quality graphene in reasonably large quantities. This method, called liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), worked well but was just one of many graphene production methods. However, Coleman knew that there was nothing about LPE that was particular to graphene. In fact, in theory it should exfoliate any layered material. Could theory be put into practise? This was the context of the ERC-funded SEMANTICS proposal which Coleman applied for in 2009 and was granted in 2010. The aim of this project was to develop methods to use LPE to exfoliate some of the hundreds of inorganic layered materials which are known to exist to generate a broad spectrum of 2D materials beyond graphene. This work was particularly promising from an applied science standpoint as each 2D material was expected to have different properties giving a palate of materials which could potentially be useful in a range of applications. As a result, the project also aimed to develop methods to form the nanosheets into useful structures and to test them in a number of applications. SEMANTICS was one of the first projects to systematically study 2D materials beyond graphene and has been extremely successful. It has met all its goals, demonstrating the exfoliation of a wide range of new 2D materials, as well as testing methods to process these materials into structures and proving their worth in applications from battery electrodes to photodetectors. The first paper published under SEMANTICS demonstrated proof of concept that inorganic nanosheets could be produced by LPE and appeared in the high impact international journal, Science. This was followed by a host of papers describing the exfoliation of exotic compounds with names like WSe2, MoO3 and black phosphorous. Importantly, the SEMANTICS team were able to demonstrate good degree of control over the nanosheets they produced, enabled by methodologies to easily measure the properties of the nanosheets. This ability to control what they were producing allowed the team to develop methods such as inkjet printing to deposit nanosheets into films and structures on demand. This in turn allows the production of printed photocells from combinations of graphene and MoS2, the first all-printed, all nanosheet electronic device. In addition, the researchers found they could mix BN nanosheets with polymers to give composites that were strong, stiff and impermeable to gasses. In addition, by mixing nanosheets and another well-known nanomaterial, carbon nanotubes, Coleman’s group could produce functional composites which performed extremely well as battery electrodes. Although SEMANTICS has now come to an end, it has left an indelible legacy. It has paved the way for researchers around the world to produce nanosheets, cheaply and easily in their own labs. With new types of nanosheets and new applications appearing monthly, who says graphene is king?

2017-07-24 18:12:00 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en 3098776 THE PROVOST, FELLOWS, FOUNDATION SCHOLARS & THE OTHER MEMBERS OF BOARD OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY & UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH NEAR DUBLIN

IE

en 3725799 en 95175 258616 SEMANTICS de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 12333 ERC-SG-PE4 12771 ERC-SG-PE 11092 ERC-SG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT Ireland IE 305826344 en en 95175 258616 SEMANTICS We will develop simple, scalable methods to exfoliate layered compounds into monolayer nanosheets. These materials have exciting properties. Recently, graphene has taken the nanomaterials community by storm. However graphene is only one branch of a family of two dimensional l... 2010-10-01 2016-09-30 2010-10-01 2016-09-30 2017-05-26 01:16:54 95094 ERC-2010-StG_20091028 en 1908266 999845446 THE PROVOST, FELLOWS, FOUNDATION SCHOLARS & THE OTHER MEMBERS OF BOARD OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY & UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH NEAR DUBLIN

IE www.tcd.ie

en HES en 3631360 en 3631359 Ireland IE 305826344 de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 12333 ERC-SG-PE4 12771 ERC-SG-PE 11092 ERC-SG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT de,en,es,fr,it,pl 151002 At Trinity College Dublin Professor Jonathan Coleman and his team are creating a ‘gateway technology’ in material science that, if successful, will open the door to a host of industrial applications. Their research focuses on producing two-dimensional monolayers of a variety of materials by exfoliation. Prof. Coleman's TEDx talk will introduce the audience to this technology and demonstrate how to make the 'wonder material' graphene in a kitchen blender. 2014-11-28 09:58:45 en story de,en,es,fr,it,pl erc en en,any /docs/results/images/2014-11/20141127144855.jpg en 201430 In 2009, graphene was the king of the nano-materials world. This single atom thick, 2-dimensional (2D) material was known to have unique electrical and mechanical properties and was the most exciting nano-material around. For five years researchers had studied it in great... 2017-07-24 18:12:00 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en ERC-SG en en 185649 617053 NoRaChem "Natural products are a constant source of inspiration in chemistry and have played a key role in the development of medicine. Recently, thanks to the progress in genomics and metagenomics, it has appeared that the biosynthetic potential of microorganisms and the complexity o... 2014-04-01 2019-03-31 2014-04-01 2019-03-31 2016-03-31 20:13:56 111222 ERC-2013-CoG en 1906233 999993274 INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE

FR www.inra.fr

en REC en 3326500 en 3326499 France FR 258902568 de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 18764 ERC-CG-2013-PE5 18742 ERC-CG-PE 18766 ERC-CG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT en 201420 The NoRaChem project aims to investigate the mechanism of novel radical SAM enzymes catalysing RiPPs (Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides) modification. During the frame of the project, a focus has been made on radical SAM enzymes involved in... 2017-07-24 18:07:22 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en ERC-CG en en 201420 617053-620-2 The NoRaChem project aims to investigate the mechanism of novel radical SAM enzymes catalysing RiPPs (Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides) modification. During the frame of the project, a focus has been made on radical SAM enzymes involved in...

The NoRaChem project aims to investigate the mechanism of novel radical SAM enzymes catalysing RiPPs (Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides) modification. During the frame of the project, a focus has been made on radical SAM enzymes involved in methyl transfer reactions and thioether bonds formation. We have been able to gain novel mechanistic insights into the complex chemistry of these emerging enzymes and to discover novel reactions within this superfamily of enzymes. These findings will be important for a better understanding of RiPP biosynthesis and the development of novel antibiotics.

2017-07-24 18:07:22 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en 3098770 INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE

FR

en 3725793 en 185649 617053 NoRaChem de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 18764 ERC-CG-2013-PE5 18742 ERC-CG-PE 18766 ERC-CG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl SCI de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT France FR 258902568 en en 201873 291280-615-4 With dwindling resources and the need to meet pressing human needs, like energy and sustainable chemical synthesis, the search is on for new ways to use old elements. The research programme involved the exploration of cheap alternatives to costly and rare precious metals in...

With dwindling resources and the need to meet pressing human needs, like energy and sustainable chemical synthesis, the search is on for new ways to use old elements. The research programme involved the exploration of cheap alternatives to costly and rare precious metals in the area of catalysis and the use of unusual elements in the construction of new materials that have the potential to store gases (like hydrogen). Overall, the approaches could be described as 'unconventional' in the field of chemistry.

2017-07-24 17:14:10 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en 3098717 THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

UK

en 3725740 en 101305 291280 MAINCHEM de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 12323 ERC-AG-PE5 12781 ERC-AG-PE 16702 ERC-AG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT de,en,es,fr,it,pl IND United Kingdom UK 508725800 en en 101305 291280 MAINCHEM "The classical view of the periodic table suggests, in particular, that there are distinct boundaries between the chemistries of s-block, p-block and d-block elements stemming from the availability and type of valence orbitals present and fundamental properties such as electr... 2012-04-01 2017-03-31 2012-04-01 2017-03-31 2015-09-17 17:17:01 101262 ERC-2011-ADG_20110209 en 1905558 999977172 THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

UK www.cam.ac.uk

en HES en 3213846 en 3213845 United Kingdom UK 508725800 de,en,es,fr,it,pl 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC http://erc.europa.eu/ 1401 EC 837 FP7 en 12323 ERC-AG-PE5 12781 ERC-AG-PE 16702 ERC-AG 13423 ERC 845 FP7-IDEAS-ERC 1401 EC 837 FP7 de,en,es,fr,it,pl PSE de,en,es,fr,it,pl MAT de,en,es,fr,it,pl IND en 179681 The research program has involved the investigation of two 'non-classical' strands of main group chemistry, focusing on the applications of these elements in the formation of large complicated molecular systems using well-defined synthetic approaches and the use of main group... 2016-04-25 12:59:54 en report en sesam de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en 201873 With dwindling resources and the need to meet pressing human needs, like energy and sustainable chemical synthesis, the search is on for new ways to use old elements. The research programme involved the exploration of cheap alternatives to costly and rare precious metals in... 2017-07-24 17:14:10 de,en,es,fr,it,pl pubsum en report de,en,es,fr,it,pl sesam en ERC-AG