Descripción del proyecto
La influencia del cambio climático sobre la migración humana
Muchas de las expansiones humanas han venido de la mano del cambio climático. Los registros ecológicos antiguos apuntan a que el cambio climático fomentó la diáspora agrícola tropical, mediante la que se ampliaron la zonas en las que se llevaban a cabo policultivos agrosilvícolas. El proyecto financiado con fondos europeos EXPAND se vale de la planicie sudamericana como un caso práctico interesante que integra corpus arqueológicos y paleológicos continentales en una arquitectura de modelización informática a fin de comprobar la función de los factores medioambientales en el período del Holoceno superior. Los resultados del proyecto pondrán de manifiesto la importancia de la planicie sudamericana para el debate sobre el cambio climático y las dinámicas de las poblaciones humanas.
Objetivo
The expansion of farmers and their languages was a key process in shaping cultural geographies across the globe during the late Holocene. Many human expansions in the past are linked to periods of climate change, which would have offered opportunities and constraints for migrations. In lowland South America, the extent of major language families coincides with the expansion of archaeological traditions ~3-2 kyr BP together with the dissemination of polyculture agroforestry. This period was marked by increased precipitation and forest expansion, as documented in paleoecological and paleoclimate records, ultimately suggesting that climate change may have played a role in tropical farmers' diasporas by expanding the areas where polyculture agroforestry could be practised. However, an evaluation of that hypothesis is hampered by the lack of unified archaeological databases, absence of land cover reconstructions for the late Holocene, and poor integration of archaeology and paleoecology in South America. To overcome those drawbacks, this project will integrate continent-wide archaeological and paleoecological datasets through computer modeling architecture to test the role of environmental drivers in late Holocene cultural diasporas. I will compile all available dates, coordinates and cultural information for late Holocene archaeological sites in lowland South America, model vegetation changes from all available paleoecological records, and integrate those datasets using state-of-the-art computational modeling techniques. I will employ agent-based modeling to simulate scenarios of climate-driven human expansions that will be tested based on the empirical archaeological data gathered over the course of the project. By integrating archaeology, paleoecology and computer modeling to address crucial questions about past human migrations, this project will bring lowland South America to the forefront of the debate about climate change and human population dynamics.
Ámbito científico
- natural sciencescomputer and information sciencesdatabases
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencessoil sciencesland-based treatment
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencespalaeontologypaleoecology
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologyclimatic changes
- social sciencessocial geographycultural and economic geography
Programa(s)
Régimen de financiación
MSCA-IF-EF-ST - Standard EFCoordinador
08002 Barcelona
España