PREDISPOSING INFLUENCE OF PHOTOOXIDANTS FOR FUNGAL ATTACK OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Cel

TO PROVIDE INFORMATION NEEDED TO ELUCIDATE THE MECHANISMS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITING FACTORS (FUNGI).
On broad beans, there was no visible damage caused by acute toxicity of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The ozone PAN mixture produced synergistic effects compared to ozone alone. Wheat tolerated higher concentrations of ozone than broad bean plants before damage became visible. Acute ozone damage to wheat was significantly reduced in presence of PAN. Thus both photooxidants showed a marked antagonism in their combined effects.
THERE IS A STRIKING INCREASE IN THE ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF LEAF PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN CENTRAL EUROPE - MAINLY IN CEREALS - WHICH UNTIL ABOUT TEN OR TWENTY YEARS AGO WERE OF NEARLY NO IMPORTANCE. AT PRESENT, YEAR BY YEAR NEW PROBLEMS OF THIS KIND COME UP IN WHEAT AND BARLEY, OFTEN CALLING FOR FUNGICIDE APPLICATION.
ALTHOUGH THERE IS NO REAL AND GENERAL EXPLANATION FOR THIS PHENOMENON AT HAND, ONE CANNOT NEGLECT THE INFLUENCE BY CHANGES IN CULTIVATION METHODS (CROP ROTATION, SIDE-EFFECTS OF PLANT PROTECTANTS AND GROWTH-REGULATORS, GENE EROSION IN BREEDING, INTENSITY OF FERTILIZATION, EARLIER SOWING-TIME A.O.).
POLLUTANTS PLAY SOME ROLE, PREDISPOSING PLANTS FOR THE INFECTION AND COLONIZATION BY SUCH PATHOGENS.
DATA FROM FIRST EXPERIMENTS (GESSELSCHAFT FUER STRAHLEN- UND UMWELTFORSCHUNG, MUENCHEN-NEUHERBERG, COOPERATION WITH DR. PAYER, AND WITH DR. FABIAN, MPI LINDAU) ARE IN FULL AGREEMENT WITH THIS HYPOTHESIS : OZONE (AND SO2) TREATMENT INCREASED THE NECROTIC LEAF AREA SEVERAL FOLD AFTER INFECTION OF CEREALS BY SPECIFIC FUNGI.
THE PROPOSED PROJECT WILL ELUCIDATE TO WHAT EXTENT OZONE AND PAN ARE ABLE TO INCREASE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IMPORTANT CROPS FOR THE ATTACK BY FUNGAL LEAF AND OTHER PATHOGENS WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIBED BEFORE. IN TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED FUMIGATION CHAMBERS THE GASES WILL BE APPLIED ALONE AND IN COMBINATION (E.G. WITH SO2 ALSO) AT DIFFERENT, BUT REAL DOSAGES FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS OF PRE- (AND POST-) INFECTIONAL EXPOSURE. EVALUATION IS MADE BY DISEASE ASSESSMENT AND CHLOROPHYLL DETERMINATION (LEAVES). THE RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES WILL BE COMPARED, AND ANTIOXIDANTS APPLIED. ADDITIONAL STRESS BY DRAUGHT, COLDINESS A.O. WILL BE CONSIDERED. DUE TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LEAF PARASITES AND THE PHYLLOPLANE MICROFLORA, THE MOST TYPICAL OF ITS CONSTITUENTS SHOULD BE UNCLUDED IN LATER RESEARCH AS WELL AS THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHOTOOXIDANTS ON VA MYCORRHIZA (WHEAT).

Dziedzina nauki

Program(-y)

FP1-ENVPROT 4C - Multiannual research and development programmes (EEC) in the field of the environment - Protection of the environment -, 1986-1990

Temat(-y)

Data not available

Zaproszenie do składania wniosków

Data not available

System finansowania

CSC - Cost-sharing contracts

Koordynator

GEORG-AUGUST-UNIVERSITY GOETTINGEN

Wkład UE

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Adres

Grisebachstrasse 6
37077 GOETTINGEN
Niemcy

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