EXISTING CLIMATIC MODELS BASED ON TIME, HEIGHT, ZONAL AVERAGING OF THE EQUATIONS FOR THE SYNOPTIC ATMOSPHERIC VARIABLES STILL CONTAIN TOO MANY UNKNOWN TERMS TO BE USED IN HINDCASTING AND FORECASTING APPLICATIONS TO THE EUROPEAN CLIMATE.

(I) FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE OCEAN, THE ATMOSPHERE THE EARTH AND THE CRYOSPHERE ARE STILL POORLY UNDERSTOOD AND NOT ADEQUATELY REPRESENTED MATHEMATICALLY.
(II) THE PARAMETERIZATION OF LOCAL AIR-SEA EXCHANGES MUST BE REFINED USING THE DATA OF SPECIALLY DESIGNED AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES.
(III) THE PARAMETERIZATION IN AVERAGE MODELS OF THE NON-LINEAR CONTRIBUTIONS OF LARGE SCALE "FLUCTUATIONS" REQUIRES A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF MESO-SCALE AND SYNOPPTIC MOTIONS AND ESPECIALLY, FOR OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS, OF RESIDUAL STRUCTURES, SYNOPTIC EDDIES AND FRONTS IN OCEANS AND CONTINENTAL SEAS.

THE PROPOSED PROGRAM ADDRESSES THESE THREE POINTS:
(I) FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS WILL BE INVESTIGATED BY MEANS OF NEW TECHNIQUES OF "RATIONAL THERMODINAMICS" AND "EXTENDED THERMODYNAMICS". THE SENSITIVITY OF THE MODELS TO THEIR FORMULATION AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE STABILITY OF THE SOLUTIONS WILL BE ASSESSED.
(II) THE PARAMETIRIZATION OF EXCHANGES AT THE AIR-SEA INTERFACE WILL BE REVISED USING DATA OBTAINED BY OBSERVATIONS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE COUPLED DYNAMICS OF THE LOWER ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS AND UPPER SEA LAYERS.
(III) MODELS OF MACROSCALE TURBULENCE IN THE OCEAN (SYNOPTIC EDDIES) AND RESIDUAL STRUCTURES IN CONTINENTAL SEAS (RESIDUAL) CURRENTS, GYRES, FRONTS) WILL BE IMPROVED USING DATA FROM ASSOCIATED EXPIRIMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS AND INCLUDED IN A BETTER PARAMETERIZATION OF NON-LINEAR EFFECTS IN AVERAGED MODE