Objetivo Biomass with relatively high lipid and protein content can be converted, in high yields at moderate temperature (250 to 380 C), to oil which is similar in composition to petroleum. Especially suitable for this low temperature conversion is biomass of microbial origin (eg sewage sludge from biological waste water treatment and algae). 60% of the organic carbon is converted into oil and approximately 30% to coal. Net energy return therefore is very high. The oil produced can be used without further purification as diesel or heating fuel.THE LOW TEMPERATURE CONVERSION PROCESS IS A FEASIBLE ROUTE TO GENERATE OIL FROM ALGAE. EXPERIMENTS WITH DIFFERENT ALGAE SPECIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT 20% YIELDS OF OIL CAN BE OBTAINED. THE OIL HAS THE QUALITY OF DIESEL FUEL, AND CAN BE USED FOR THIS. BESIDES OIL COAL IS PRODUCED, WHICH IS SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE THE NECESSARY ENERGY FOR DRYING OF THE BIOMASS AND THE PROCESS ENERGY. THE NET ENERGY RETURN OF THE LOW TEMPERATURE CONVERSION PROCESS IS BETTER THAN 65%. THEREFORE THIS PROCESS SEEMS TO BE SUPERIOR TO OTHER PROPOSALS TO GENERATE ENERGY FROM BIOMASS. ANAEROBIC OR AEROBIC DIGESTION ONLY SHOWS ENERGY RETURNS OF 10-25%, INCLUDING ALCOHOL FERMENTATION. PYROLYSIS ONLY DELIVERS ENERGY RETURN OF 30%. THE COMPOSITION OF THE OILS OBTAINED SHOW THAT THEY CONTAIN SUBSTANCES, VALUABLE AS RAW MATERIALS FOR CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, LIKE OLEFINS AND ALICYCLIC HYDROCARBONS. ADVANTAGES OF GENERATING OIL FROM BIOMASS IN COMPARISON TO METHANE PRODUCTION BY MICROBIAL DIGESTION OR PYROLYSIS IS THE EASY STORAGE OF THE LIQUID FUEL. FOR THE CONVERSION DIFFERENT OVENS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND USED. ESPECIALLY SUITABLE ARE FLUIDIZED BED AND ROTATORY FURNACES. Ámbito científico engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsliquid fuelsengineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringwater treatment processeswastewater treatment processesnatural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiologyphycologyengineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsfossil energycoalnatural scienceschemical sciencesorganic chemistryhydrocarbons Programa(s) FP1-ENNONUC 3C - Research and development programme (EEC) in the field of Non-Nuclear Energy, 1985-1988 Tema(s) Data not available Convocatoria de propuestas Data not available Régimen de financiación CSC - Cost-sharing contracts Coordinador THE UNIVERSITY OF TUEBINGEN Aportación de la UE Sin datos Dirección Wilhelmstrasse 5 72074 TUEBINGEN Alemania Ver en el mapa Coste total Sin datos Participantes (3) Ordenar alfabéticamente Ordenar por aportación de la UE Ampliar todo Contraer todo Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Italia Aportación de la UE Sin datos Dirección 501 Firenze Ver en el mapa Coste total Sin datos Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH) Alemania Aportación de la UE Sin datos Dirección AACHEN Ver en el mapa Coste total Sin datos UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Reino Unido Aportación de la UE Sin datos Dirección London Ver en el mapa Coste total Sin datos
