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Zawartość zarchiwizowana w dniu 2022-12-27

AN INTEGRATED ENERGY DESIGN USING A COMBINED CYCLE TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY, STEAM AND COOLING FROM ONE SOURCE OF ENERGY

Cel

To demonstrate an integrated energy design in a brewery using a combined cycle to produce electricity, steam and cooling from one source of energy and significantly reducing the energy costs for the site.
This is achieved by the introduction of a high efficiency gas turbine which has the exhaust gases after-fired also, the latent heat of the gases are recovered in a condensing economiser and its heat converted to :
- cooling by absorption chilling for lowering the intake air temperature to the turbine for increased power output,
- pre-heating of the after-fired waste heat steam boiler water feed.
In total, the scheme will combine an existing steam turbine in the back pressure form to an overall cycle efficiency of 90%.
The total benefit of the project is to be the reduction in primary energy by 16.5%; an annual saving of 4166 TOE.
The new installation was initially brought on-line during 1994, however it was not until April 1995 that the performance measurement phase commenced. The plant was monitored from 1st April to 30th June 1995, and during that time, the turbine set was operational for 2080 hours and averaged 1788 kW electrical output (1733 kW to 1912 kW range).
Over this period of 3 months, the total power generation from the gas turbine and existing steam turbines was 10628300 kWh's. Projected on an annual basis, the power station should generate 45000 MWhs.
During the monitoring phase of the project, the energy benefits, based on the same period 12 months previous, were :
- 3719300 kWh power generation from the gas turbine
- 251000 kWh extra generation from the steam turbines
- 9434880 Mj heat recovery from the boiler exhaust
- 7452620 Mj reduced fuel consumption for total steam raising.
The overall efficiency of the power station has increased from 71.22% to 81.35% with the introduction of this project (based on the higher heating value of natural gas and a total fuel input of 75.208 MW with a heat and power generation of 61034 MW).
By isolating the efficiency of the new gas turbine, pre-cooling, afterfiring / waste heat boiler and the condensing economiser. The new installation has an overall thermal efficiency based on the higher heating value of natural gas at 83.8%. This has been calculated from :
Fuel input to the gas turbine & afterburner : 164444869 Mj
Electrical power output from gas turbine : 13389480 Mj
Steam generation from waste heat boiler : 117515660 Mj
Heat recovery benefit of condensing economiser : 9434880 Mj
The total annual energy cost savings for the project will be £883530. With annual maintenance and operating costs for the new installation of £108000, the overall financial saving is £775530 / annum.
With the brewery having a long tradition of the co-generation of heat and electricity and natural gas now being available on site. The use of a gas turbine to increase the in-house electricity production was the logical step.
The gas turbine/generator set is powered by a new Kawasaki heavy duty unit with a nominal electrical power output of 1970 kW at 150°c and electrical efficiency of 24%.
The turbine is of the open cycle single-shaft type with 2 stage radial compressor, 4 stage turbine and single can combuster having central nozzle and high energy ignition.
The air inlet to the turbine is fitted with filter and cooling coil for maintening the intake air temperature below 15°C. The cooling medium is water which is maintained at 5°C using a steam driven absorption chiller.
The exhaust gases from the turbine are at 580°C and are supplementary fired for additional heat input to the waste heat boiler. Through the supplementary firing system, equipped with two gas/oil burners, the temperature of the turbine exhaust gases are raised to obtain sufficient heat input for steam output of 30 tonnes/ hr at 45 bar superheated to 415°C.
The waste heat boiler is of the steam generator type with firing 'room' and is complete with conventional economiser built from finned tubes in a coil type design. To maximise on the overall efficiency of the system, a condensing economiser has also been incorporated into the exhaust prior to the chimney. This economiser is situated outside the main exhaust ductwork system from the boiler to the chimney with the induced draught fan and damper arrangement drawing a portion of the total boiler exhaust gases as required. The gases into the unit are firstly cooled in a sensible heat section where the temperature is reduced to a point above the temperature where condensation of the flue gas vapour starts to occur. The gases then pass to a condensing heat exchanger where the gases are cooled to a much lower temperature.

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Koordynator

ARTHUR GUINNESS & SONS LTD
Wkład UE
Brak danych
Adres
ST. JAMES'S GATE BREWERY
8 Dublin
Irlandia

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