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MEDIUM POWERED CHIPPED WOOD BOILERS IN KIT

Ziel

Applications Mecaniques, with his usual sub-contractor Metallerie Bayeusaine and Biomasse Normandie, designed and set up "Clorofil" in 1989-90 = a 200 kW wood chipped heating system prototype.
The aim of the project is to realize, from this prototype, ten fore-production chipped wood boilers of medium power (200 kW). Each boiler will include:
- a silo of storage of 15 to 25 m3 and an automatical feeding (hydraulic jacks-driven descaler, conveyor and feed piston);
- a dry wood burner, mounted on the boiler which is fitted out with a dust absorbing cyclone.
The driving of all these mechanical and thermal functions is led by a programmed control system.
Innovation has three aspects: wood feeding system (with scrapers), dry wood burner (a simplified design) and combustion run by oxymeter.
1 - IMPROVING THE PROTOTYPE INSTALLATION
Successive improvements have been brought to the design of the burner, in such a way as to assure an excellent quality of combustion and at the same time, to stop the risk of escape of unburned material and forming of slag.
2 - PUTTING INTO SERVICE OF TWO HEATING PLANTS
- School buildings of the commune of Jumieges (Seine-Maritime) : dry wood. The plant was put into service at the end of 1992 and stopped for improvements.
- Retirement home of Chanu (Orne) : moist wood.
3 - UNDERTAKING OF A THIRD HEATING PLANT
- Heating network for the commune building at STE-MARIE-DE-CUINES (Savoie) : dry wood.

RESULTS :
Main characteristics are:
- automatic feed only formed by shunt systems driven by hydraulic jacks;
- a dry wood burner fixed onto boiler, containing two concentric envelopes, with a circular vortex;
- a programmed control system directing combustion and safety systems.

DEGREE OF TECHNICAL SUCCESS:
Only 3 heating plants (of the ten foreseen) could be set up.
A rather long optimisation stage was necessary for the first two installations. The third was made by the French Compte Society.
"Clorofil" is now a reliable product, which supplies excellent combustion. The 3 heating plants operate quite well. Furthermore, important work was done on the architectural integration of the heating plants, wood supply and wood storage.

ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY:
The present energy price context is very hard on medium-sized operations; the "Clorofil" product, made in a very small series, is still too expensive. This option can be profitable only for long, full load uses, in establishements such as retirement homes, swimming pool, small district heating network...
Owing to the small difference in price between the chipped wood and the substituted fuel, and to the strong competition with other energy sources, it has not been possible, up to present day, to develop this product in France.

This plant, to build from a kit, has to be connected to a central heating installation or network. It includes mechanical and thermal equipments.
1 - THE WOOD FEEDING SYSTEM
This compact feeding system is only formed by pushing systems (descaler, conveyors, injector piston) driven by jacks from an hydraulic group. Unlike other systems (endless screw), this hydraulic process is very reliable, simple and easy to tune up.
2 - A DRY WOOD BURNER
This burner, fixed on a boiler, is constituted by two concentric envelops, which canalize primary air (for drying and gasification) and secondary air (for gas oxydationl.
An excellent combustion is obtained and the flame goes into the boiler. Its simple design (no heavy refractory walls) makes this burner cheaper than other furnaces.
3 - AN O2 ANALYSER IN THE SMOKES
For an optimal combustion, secondary air flows are regulated by a speed variator (on the extractor fan), driven by the 02 analyser.
This is a good solution for a solid fuel which has an irregular calorific value. This special driving justifies the use of a programmable robot.
Once the prototype is realized, it is important to install a pre-series in order to optimize the manufacturing and the installation, as well as to understand fully the problems of architectural integration, of running and of maintenance of the installation.
These pre-series, installed in Normandie and Midi-Pyrenees, will be followed up during one heating season, in order to confirm prototype performances and to collect users critics. This campaign of measures and observations will come before mass production.
This final goal is to supply a complete, medium powered chipped wood boiler ready for use, with total guarantees for customers, for a price around 250 000 FF (without transport, civil engineering, building works, on site connection).
This product is well fitted for low size housings, common in rural areas: groups of houses or small collective buildings public establishments (schools, old folks' homes, swimming pools...) as well as for some agricultural (greenhouse farming, horticulturists) or industrial enterprises (joinery work shops...).
It will allow a better utilization of wood wastes and at the same time, reducing environmental damages and creating jobs.
The product will be marketed by Applications Mecaniques' Company, by mean of his agents. Biomasse Normandie will support advertising campaign through French and European network of Renewable Energies (NRE Federation recently created).

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