Obiettivo The aim of this research is to develop methods for saving fisheries wastes by extracting enzymes from fish and crustacean species of commercial importance, testing them in the preparation of different products and taking into account as priorities the economic constraints, the disposability and competitiveness of the process. The work will mainly focus on proteolytic enzymes (endo and exo). Chitinases and lipases which are likely to be present in the same source materials will be also studied as coproducts. Enzymes of marine organisms possess typical characteristics (temperature, ionic strength) that render them particularly suitable for extended use in many industrial process where energy and cost sparing is essential. A series of methods for saving fisheries wastes by extracting enzymes from fish and crustacean species of commercial importance and testing them in the preparation of different products have been developed. The main source of biological material is the digestive tract wastes of industrially commercialized fishes and crustaceans. These contain proteases as well as other hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases and carbohydrases. The species used in this study are tuna, mackerel, sardines as well as farmed fishes and crustaceans.Pepsin activity was detected in the stomach of several species of sharks such as dogfish and blue shark. It was found that single step acidic precipitation resulted in a significant purification factor. In parallel with this, a more complete procedure of purification of the enzyme has been set up, comprising molecular sieving and ion exchange chromatography followed by ultrafiltration.Elastase activity was detected in extracts of pyloric caeca from tropical tuna (Thunnus albacora) and purified by gel filtration followed by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose chromatography and then by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). This enzyme is of use in the preparation of elastine hydrolyzates used in cosmetics.An aminopeptidase from tuna pyloric caeca was purified and the enzyme is under study for aroma production.Purification and characterization of hydrophobic esterase from tuna pancreas (Thunnus albacora) has been carried out and there is a possible use for this enzyme in controlling wax and lipid fractionation.A low molecular weight protease from crustacean wastes of green crab (Carcinus maenas) and shrimp (Penaeus monodon) has been purified. This enzyme is very stable at room temperature and is inhibited by metal chelating agents.Preparation of hydrolysates from fish waste and fish dust yielded a series of byproducts which were characterized according to their molecular weight, peptide chain length and soluble nitrogen. A series of hydrolysates was selected for the preparation of culture media for bacteria and tested as growth promoters or enhancers. The results obtained with these hydrolysates in the presence of shark viscera enzymes were very similar to that obtained with a standard growth medium.The first approach will be to inventory the major potential uses of hydrolytic enzymes (proteases, lipases, chitinases) with an estimation of the actual needs in the EEC. The study will especially focus on the need for specific properties relevant to enzymes of marine origin : temperature and salinity displays and substrate specificities. The markets for alimentary products will be particularly screened and will be evaluated for the main end products in the EEC. The second aspect of the work concerns the screening of the proteolytic enzymes and some other hydrolytic enzymes of commercial interest (lipases, chitinases) present in fish and crustacean viscera. This project is particularly aimed at the study of specific properties of enzymes of marine origin in the field of thermostability, ionic requirements, and substrate specificity which render them appropriate to be included in new industrial processes such as production of soluble peptide, production of peptones, development of aroms, and debittering of hydrolysates. Campo scientifico agricultural sciencesagriculture, forestry, and fisheriesfisheriesnatural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiologybacteriologynatural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculeslipidsnatural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteinsenzymes Programma(i) FP2-FAR - Community research and coordination programmes (EEC) in the fisheries sector, 1988-1992 Argomento(i) Data not available Invito a presentare proposte Data not available Meccanismo di finanziamento Data not available Coordinatore Collège de France Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Place de la Croix 29182 Concarneau Francia Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato Partecipanti (2) Classifica in ordine alfabetico Classifica per Contributo UE Espandi tutto Riduci tutto INIP-INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACAO DAS PESCAS Portogallo Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Lisboa Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) Francia Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Station de Nantes Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu 44037 Nantes Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato
