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Probing quantum fluctuations of single electronic channels in model interacting systems

Descrizione del progetto

Studio di sistemi quantistici non lineari e non in equilibrio

Il teorema di fluttuazione-dissipazione è un principio fondamentale della fisica, che collega la risposta di un sistema a perturbazioni esterne (dissipazione) con le sue fluttuazioni naturali in equilibrio. Il teorema offre una visione del comportamento microscopico dei sistemi macroscopici e migliora la comprensione dei processi irreversibili. Il progetto NSECPROBE, finanziato dal Consiglio europeo della ricerca, intende verificare sperimentalmente i recenti progressi teorici che generalizzano il teorema ai sistemi quantistici non lineari lontani dall’equilibrio. I ricercatori studieranno questi sistemi quantistici fortemente interagenti, misurando le fluttuazioni di corrente e le risposte dissipative quando tali sistemi sono influenzati da forze esterne. Inoltre, il gruppo di ricerca coinvolto nel progetto elaborerà nuovi metodi basati sulla luce a microonde in grado di gestire grandi valori di impedenza.

Obiettivo

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a prominent milestone in Physics: It links the dissipative response of a physical system to its fluctuations, and provides a microscopic understanding of macroscopic irreversibility. Recent theoretical advances that have generalized the original fluctuation-dissipation theorem to non-linear quantum systems even far from equilibrium, ask for an experimental test, which is the aim of the project. We will measure the current fluctuations and dissipative response of driven quantum systems whose non-linearity arises from strong interactions. We will exploit the flexibility offered by nano-patterned high purity 2D electron gases in order to realize single electron channels in different regimes: 1/ interacting strongly with a single electromagnetic mode (Dynamical Coulomb Blockade of a quantum point contact), 2/ interacting with a single magnetic impurity (Kondo effect in quantum dots), 3/ driving the 2D gas in the fractional quantum Hall effect where current is carried by strongly correlated 1D channels prototypical of Luttinger liquids. Last, we will address a fundamental issue raised in the early days of quantum mechanics: how long does it take for a particle to cross a classically forbidden barrier? While Wigner-Smith’s theorem links the issue to the density fluctuations within the barrier, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem links it further to a quantum relaxation resistance. A full investigation of fluctuation-dissipation relations including quantum effects requires measurements at frequencies hf>k_BT. With the available dilution refrigeration techniques it implies measuring in the few GHz range. Since quantum conductors have an impedance h/e^2~25.8 kohm much larger than the 50ohm impedance of microwave components, new microwave methods able to deal with large impedance values will be developed. They will be based on the extension to finite magnetic field of the wide-band impedance matching methods recently developed by the PI.

Meccanismo di finanziamento

ERC-STG - Starting Grant

Istituzione ospitante

COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
Contribution nette de l'UE
€ 1 500 000,00
Indirizzo
RUE LEBLANC 25
75015 PARIS 15
Francia

Mostra sulla mappa

Regione
Ile-de-France Ile-de-France Paris
Tipo di attività
Research Organisations
Collegamenti
Costo totale
€ 1 500 000,00

Beneficiari (1)