The project's goal is to develop modern tools for monitoring and preventing malaria outbreaks, and to integrate them into the surveillance health systems of NIS. The introduction of innovative technologies applied to malaria surveillance may represent a major impulse for a general improvement in monitoring re-emerging infectious diseases . The project will include three NIS with different malaria situations, namely Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan. The project should fill major gaps in Plasmodium vivid malaria epidemiology in these countries. i.e. distribution and genetic composition of Victoria populations, geographical spread of parasite populations from borders and within the country and vector/parasite relationships. Molecular tools applied to investigate on these aspects shall be adapted in simple and low cost formats and employed at reference laboratory level in conjunction with traditional entomological and parasitological methods.