The main goals of this project are to identify detailed mechanisms of mass transfers from refractory lining of ladles towards steel where contamination of metal by glazed ladle lining from previous casts and carbon pick-up by ultra-low carbon steels from carbon-bearing refractories occurs. Efforts will be made to improve process practices in-ladle that minimize both of these aspects and thus contribute to casting higher quality steels by better control of steel inclusion populations (tyre cord and rail steels) and of steel composition (carbon in ultra-low carbon steels).