Scale formed on the surface of steel cast in the twin roller direct casting process results in yield loss and product quality problems. This research project will examine the mechanisms of scale formation and methods for its reduction. Shrouding and cooling systems to minimise scale formation will be investigated. The properties of scale will be characterised. Pickling processes will be studied. Steel grades include silicon steels as well as low and medium carbon steels. Laboratory investigations and tests on pilot casters will be carried out.