The following key questions will be addressed:
* Improvement of complex atmosphere continuous sampling for specific in vitro alternative testing developments using both animal and human material risk assessment of global engine exhaust modulation strategies (fuel composition, engine technologies, after-treatment strategies).
* Dissection of hazardous engine exhaust components and understanding of their relative contribution to toxicity (gaseous phase, Maize, PM chemical composition).
* Comparative assessment of exhausts components in animals with chronic cardio respiratory diseases: allergy, cardiac insufficiency to modeless at risk populations.
* Elaboration of strategies based on health/toxicity indicators for developing cleaner engine-fuel-exhaust gas after treatment concepts guaranteeing that harmful components are not emitted.