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Development of macro and sectoral economic models aiming to evaluate the role of public health externalities on society

Exploitable results

Emission inventories have been collected for year 2000 for the following compounds: mercury, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, lead, PCBs and dioxins. The input data has been extensively checked and verified, and compared to existing emission inventories (EPER, CORINAIR). Differences have been discussed and explained.
Database of concentration-response functions for PM, selected HM, dioxins and PCBs. Review of monetary valuation results for the same health end points.
Integrated assessment model allowing assessment of heavy metals and selected POPs, covering emissions, transport and fate of pollutants, their effects taking into account exposures through inhalation and ingestion, and monetary valuations of these effects, on national and European level. Different discounting options, varying time horizon. Case studies for PL, NO, DE, CZ.
Emission scenarios have been collected for year 2010 and 2020 for the following compounds: mercury, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, lead, PCBs and dioxins.
Model "Energy-Environment-Economy Model of Europe" E3ME has been modified to be compatible with UN ECE-used emission scenarios, emission-related activity information and other information on economic and technological sectors. The model has been extended to cover heavy metals and POPs.
Results of a modelling exercise providing an individual assessment of (inhalation-related) exposures and inhaled doses for PM, for 24 hours, based on outdoor concentrations of PM in two fractions on urban background and traffic sites from Halle (DE), Krakow (PL) and Trondheim (NO), smoking and open fireplace use indoors, and individual time activity patterns. The study demonstrates how the individual exposure factors (gender, activity, time spent in different microenvironments, smoking) influence exposure and inhaled dose, and to what extent are indoor concentrations modified by time spent indoors, given uniform predefined characteristics of the building. Can be used for assessment of measures to reduce PM, both in relation to concentration changes and in relation to changes in size distribution profile.
Database and maps of expected changes in damage to wheat, potatoes, grapes, tomatoes, and apples based on the ozone concentrations as predicted in the CAFE work and in the work of the UN ECE. Based on an extended review of concentration-response functions for these crops, and a review of available monetary valuations.

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