Obiettivo - To find out potentials and amounts of bio-waste or organic matter from different sources (hotels, cities, agriculture, food industry and water plants) and its joint fermentation with the intention to use the produced biogas for energy production and the fermented product as fertiliser and soil improver.Results- In the beginning of the project, studies about the practical possibilities and social compatibility of separate bio-waste collection for two cities (Zagazig in Egypt, Karsiaka/Izmir in Turkey) were implemented. In Zagazig small parts of the bio-waste were used for pig feeding by a Christian minority but the main part is available for separate collection and for fermentation. In Karsiaka and Izmir the existing municipal and private structures of waste collection can be extended for a separate bio-waste collection. The incorporation especially of existing small private companies may improve the working conditions as well as the efficiency of work.- For getting information about the quantities of bio-waste, sorting analyses in some districts with different income structures of Karsiaka and Zagazig were implemented. The results were surprising because comparable income structures of Izmir generate more than a double of bio-waste than those in Zagazig.- The bio-waste quantities in hotels were also received by sorting analyses. Five hotels (4 hotels in Turkey, 1 hotel in Egypt) were sorted during two sorting campaigns. The results showed enormous amounts of bio-waste generated per guest and day (more than 1 kg). Until now the whole waste of the hotels is taken to the dumping-sites where it causes lots of impacts on the environment. So fermentation would be a good chance for biological treatment of bio-waste and the hotels can use the bio-gas without any problems, i.e. in the laundry.- Experiments with three different kinds of aquatic plants (Lemna minor, Ceratophyllum demersum, Eichornia crassipes) sown in three ponds were not fully successful. Due to unfavourable climatic conditions and high urea and NH, concentrations, C. demersum did not thrive well and decayed. L. minor was consumed by sea-gulls, tortoises and frogs. Only Eichornia crassipes was growing successfully. Tests about the efficiency of water cleaning by Eichornia crassipes are still running.- Laboratory scaled fermentation tests were implemented for bio-waste of the city districts as well as for bio-waste of each of the five hotels. In Zagazig and in three of the five hotels waste water treatment plants (primary treatment) are existing so these samples were mixed with different ratios of bio-waste and raw sewage sludge. The raw sludges were analysed for heavy metals and organic harmful substances. The results showed that no impacts on soils are to be expected by using the fermentation product as fertiliser and soil improver.- The highest gas quantities and qualities for the city districts were reached by mixing ratios of two thirds bio-waste and one third raw sludge. The gas qualities and quantities gained by testing bio-waste of hotels mixed with raw sludge, are not very different from these without sludge. The approximate gas amounts related to organic matter were 0,85m3 [kg/organic matter]. The fermentation of Eichornia crassipes was very successful with a mixing ratio of two parts raw sludge to one part aquatic plants.- Fermentation tests with agricultural residues like tomato and potato tops, rice straw, as well as cotton seed husks as residues from oil production, and other products from food processing industries are still running. All agricultural residues chosen for fermentation tests are without any value for the farmers.- The most promising substrates and mixing ratios now were tested in the new pilot plant at EGE University in Izmir.- Analysis of housing and social structures of two cities (in Turkey and Egypt) or parts of cities;- Identification of different agricultural wastes which pose problems when aerobically destructed;- Selection of food industrial enterprises (oil for human consumption, bakeries, beverage processing);- Selection of five resort hotels with half-board service and more than 400 beds for waste analyses;- Use of aquatic plants grown in ponds for the treatment of waste water and harvesting the plants for fermentation;- Testing of different mixtures of bio-waste, hydrophytes and waste water sludge for joint fermentation;- Final selection of test sites, taking into account social compatibility, ecological and infrastructural impact, and local markets for energy, heat and fermentation product;- Collection of data on the available bio-wastes and waste water sludge at the selected test sites (two campaigns each, volume and composition);- Experimental water treatment with hydrophytes in new testing ponds nearby an existing water treatment plant in Selcuk, TK, harvesting and fermentation of the hydrophytes and assessment of the water cleaning efficiency of these plants;- Analyses of the samples taken (water content, ash content, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, C-concentration, N-concentration, P-content, organic pollutants, heavy metals);- Calculation of the theoretical gas production;- Fermentation experiments at laboratory scale (volume and quality of biogas, hygienic parameters of the fermentation product);- Fermentation experiments at pilot scale with the most promising substrates, identified before (one pilot plant to be used by all participants);- Evaluation of the technological options to use fermentation in relation to the analysed sites in view of optimised production of biogas and fermentation product. Production of a market analysis. Discussion of the application of solar technologies;- Assessment of the potential to install fermentation plants. With regard to site selection, aspects of odour have to be taken into due account. Programma(i) IC-AVICENNE - Avicenne Initiative (Science and technology cooperation with the Maghreb and the countries of the Mediterranean Basin), 1991- Argomento(i) Data not available Invito a presentare proposte Data not available Meccanismo di finanziamento CSC - Cost-sharing contracts Coordinatore Universität Stuttgart Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Bandtäle 1 70569 Stuttgart Germania Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato Partecipanti (2) Classifica in ordine alfabetico Classifica per Contributo UE Espandi tutto Riduci tutto Environmental Quality Internat Egitto Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo Zagazig Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato University of Ege Turchia Contributo UE Nessun dato Indirizzo 35100 Izmir Mostra sulla mappa Costo totale Nessun dato
