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Liquid-side fouling of heat exchangers. An integrated R&D approach for conventional and novel design

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Heat exchangers are prone to fouling, which significantly reduces their operating efficiency. This project carried out an investigation into fouling behaviour in order to identify opportunities in design and operating procedures which can reduce this problem. "Precipitation" and "particulate" fouling from cooling water is a serious problem in both the chemical processing and power industries, where it is responsible for process inefficiencies resulting from increased thermal resistance. Fouling mitigation also necessitates the use of environmentally undesirable additives in cooling water circuits. Current design practices to cope with cooling water fouling in industry result in the oversizing of heat exchangers, which substantially raises the cost of plant. The main objective of this project is to investigate the fouling behaviour of conventional and novel heat exchanger configurations in order to develop improved design and operating procedures regarding fouling. It also aims to develop guidelines for the standardisation of fouling measurements.

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