Socio-economic risks of climate change in Europe

Actions should improve the understanding of the nature and extent of physical risks from a changing climate and their integrated socio-economic implications in Europe in 2030, 2050 and 2100 timeframes. The analysis should evaluate the costs of inaction / “business as usual” by extrapolating current policies with different social and climatological scenarios. It should seek to capture the range of possible socio-economic climate-related risks including both those most likely to occur as well as those associated with low-probability high-impact climate events with potentially catastrophic outcomes. Indirect impacts should be part of the analysis as well as the impacts in the rest of the world with relevant spill over effects in Europe should also be considered.

A comparison with scenarios with lower degrees of warming (with ambitious mitigation measures) should be included as well as the analysis of the costs and benefits of ambitious adaptation measures. Research should also improve the understanding of climate-related risks that are unlikely to be avoided through mitigation and/or adaptation and require urgent/specific response. The work could encompass improvements in adaptation modelling, in particular in impact areas with the highest potential damages. Actions should also take into account the impact of radical transformations envisaged in the context of the post-COVID recovery.

The impacts of climate risks should be assessed and monetised across various economic sectors aiming at an expansion of the existing impact categories and combining them into a coherent framework. Cross-sectorial impacts taking into account the interactions between various sectors should also be addressed. This research should equally encompass impact categories that cannot be directly monetised, but with either economy-wide implications or of critical importance for future human well-being, such as health (including the spread of infectious diseases), social justice, and biodiversity/ecosystems. The development of appropriate tools and methodologies that are able to address these kinds of non-market based impacts is part of the scope. In addition, actions should aim at accounting for the various sources of uncertainty in a systematic way.

A national, and as much as possible regional, resolution should be aimed at in order to account for heterogeneity in terms of hazards, exposure, vulnerability (including adaptive capacities) and ability to manage risks across countries and regions. Distributional and further equity considerations, including gender, associated with climate change impacts should also be investigated in order to inform the formulation of just mitigation and adaptation strategies. Development and testing of rapid analysis and assessment techniques using open data, tools and methodologies as well as work on an economy-wide damage function relating GDP losses or other metrics of public welfare and human wellbeing with temperature increase, could be part of the research, too.

Actions should identify and formulate recommendations for measures that should be implemented by various stakeholders groups to minimise the climate risks across Europe as well as the needs for future research. They should explore effective ways for bridging the gap between science, policy and practice. The needs of the private sector in order to prepare for and adapt to climate change impacts should be an integral part of the work and could include development of approaches for better integration of climate risks into financing principles of the investment community.

This topic calls for a truly interdisciplinary approach combining a wide range of disciplines including economics, climate science, bio-geophysical modelling, data engineering, risk analysis, political and behavioural science etc. as well as for an active involvement of and co-creation with people and communities at risk. As much as possible, it should integrate the results of the existing studies and evidence-base, including from previously funded projects such as COACCH and other projects from call SC5-06-2016-2017[[A list of other relevant projects can be found here: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/776479]].

When dealing with models, actions should promote the highest standards of transparency and openness, as much as possible going well beyond documentation and extending to aspects such as assumptions, code and data that is managed in compliance with the FAIR principles[[FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). Further information: https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/; and Final Report and Action Plan from the European Commission Expert Group on FAIR Data, “TURNING FAIR INTO REALITY” (https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/turning_fair_into_reality_0.pdf) ]]. In particular, beneficiaries are strongly encouraged to publish results data in open access databases and/or as annexes to publications. In addition, full openness of any new modules, models or tools developed from scratch or substantially improved with the use of EU funding is expected.

Synergies with topic HORIZON-CL5-2021-D1-01-05: Better understanding of the interactions between climate change impacts, mitigation and adaptation options, as well as with relevant topics in Cluster 3: Civil security for Society – Destination Area DRS02 on Support to improved disaster risk management and governance, should be explored and established. In addition, coordination with existing relevant initiatives on climate impacts and adaptation modelling should also be sought, including the PESETA assessment[[https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/peseta-iv]], in order to stimulate the use of common simulation protocols in European climate risk assessments, enlarge the coverage of climate impact areas, and improve the complementarity of modelling efforts.

This topic requires the effective contribution of SSH disciplines and the involvement of SSH experts, institutions as well as the inclusion of relevant SSH expertise, in order to produce meaningful and significant effects enhancing the societal impact of the related research activities.