Provenance trials to evaluate tree performance in a changing climate
Forests are a crucial part of our environment, providing ecosystem services such as air filtering and high-quality timber. However, forests are particularly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions due to the long lifespan of trees. The EU-funded project 'Increasing the potential of economically valuable tree species to survive drought' (INPUT-DROUGHT) was set up to measure the differences in performance between different provenances of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). A provenance refers to a tree population that is adapted to a specific area. INPUT-DROUGHT tested the growth and susceptibility of various provenances from different geographical locations growing under moderate site conditions. This was done by studying tree-ring width and structure. The scientists found that one beech provenance from southern Europe showed high productivity and low mortality in comparison to other provenances, even in times of drought. Although differences in Douglas fir were less pronounced, also for this species it was possible to identify suitable provenances for more widespread use. Researchers also found that beech trees can quickly adapt to dry conditions. More in-depth analysis revealed a high plasticity in wood structure at the cellular level. The recommendation of suitable provenances is relevant to mitigate effects of extreme climate conditions, such as drought on growth and mortality on European tree species.
Keywords
Changing climate, provenance, forest, ecosystem services, drought, Beech, Douglas fir, wood structure
