Final Report Summary - CENTIMO (Establishment of an integrated process chain for the cost-efficient manufacturing complex glass optics) Executive Summary:Demands for complex yet low-cost optics out of glass has been growing within the sectors of lighting technology, automotive engineering and in the areas of renewable energy. However, the state-of-the-art to manufacture complex shaped glass optics is not efficient enough to meet the requirements of mass production sufficiently because of high time and energy consumption, large material waste and expensive tool costs. In contrast, glass moulding is the enabling technology for the high volume production of glass components with complex geometry. In this context, the key to success in developing an efficient integrated production chain for complex optics is to mould optics from a gob of molten glass in one integrated process chain. Due to the precise cutting of glass gobs, no subsequent mechanical processing is necessary and the amount of glass waste will be reduced to almost zero. Furthermore, this process can be fully automated which makes this process very fast and stable. In order to provide the SMEs with this efficient and economically viable production chain, extensive developments have been carried out within the project “Establishment of an integrated process chain with European SMEs for the cost-efficient manufacturing of complex glass optics – CENTiMO”. According to the process chain, a very close link between glass melting, gob forming, and moulding was mainly focussed and developed in CENTiMO.The Totally Internal Reflection (TIR) lens proposed by Osram was chosen as the optic demonstrator for CENTiMO because of its commercial potential and sufficient challenge in the development of moulding technology. Based on the design of this demonstrator, a gob weight of 20g with a maximum pull rate of 1.5 ton/day (0.0174 kg/s) has been defined as the development target. A glass melting furnace (minimelter) with basic dimensions has been presented based on numerous efforts on mathematical modelling and simulation carried out by Glass Service. In parallel, a physical model of refining (the process of bubble removing) and delivery of glass melt to feeder has been developed with basic design concept of the feeder and delivery system with orifice proposed by Füller. The simulation performed by Glass Service proved that the development target as stated above can be guaranteed. A number of 60 gobs/min was achieved based on this design for mass production.The module of moulding process started with the optimization of glass preform and adjustment of shear cutting mark, carried out by Fraunhofer IPT. The results were transferred to Füller for the preparation of gobforming and design of cutting method out of glass melt. Based on the suggestion of Officine, a modularized mould concept was developed. Accordingly, two mould concept designs were established and tested for the feasibility of the moulding process. The advanced mould concept with pressure disk advised by Füller guaranteed the possibility of demoulding process. In the following step, a list of ten mould materials was tested to evaluate the behaviours of oxidation and glass adhesion under the moulding conditions. As a result, three materials with the best mould wear characteristics were chosen for the moulding tests. Thanks to expertise of Fraunhofer IPT in the development of mould manufacturing, diamond turning, ultrasonic assisted diamond turning and polishing have been employed for the mould-making process. Less than 10 nm in surface roughness of Ra with diamond turning and average of 30nm with polishing for the manufacturing have been achieved, which guarantees sufficient surface for the quality of moulded glass lenses. In addition, systematic study has been carried out to evaluate the influences of the process parameters on the quality of moulded lenses. Based on this understanding, an integrative design configuration has been developed to optimize the process parameters with respect to the quality and accuracy of the moulded lenses. Finally, intensive evaluation and qualification of the newly developed process chain has been conducted at the end of the project. Based on this report, economic calculations proved that CENTiMO enables for low-cost glass optics compared to plastic components in mass production of million pieces per year. This successful achievement promises the potential of CENTiMO as well as the industrial companies’ competitiveness.Project Context and Objectives:The demand for complex low-cost glass components is growing within the sectors of lighting technology, automotive engineering and in the areas of application for renewable energy. However companies are continuously being confronted with the dual challenge arising from the trend toward increasingly complex geometries and ever higher levels of precision coupled with intense pressure on market prices.Therefore, there is a growing demanding for a glass moulding process by which complex glass optics can be moulded in a fast and economically efficient way. This depicts the actual situation, where the production of complex glass optics in high volumes is economically not viable. Therefore the industry pulls for new technology developments. The need of the industry starts with the need of end users, especially end users in the field of lighting technology. LEDs are getting more and more involved in everybody’s daily life. Ambient lighting, illumination systems in cars or other high volume goods demand for more and more LEDs. However, to use the light of an LED an optic is needed. LED optics have to fulfil many requirements, especially high scratch resistance, high thermal resistance and high resistance to UV radiation. Furthermore these optics need to be manufactured by costs of just a few cents per piece in volumes of millions per month. On the other hand, these optics cannot be made out of polymers because the optics must bear high temperatures and rough conditions over not seldom a period of more than a decade. Polymer optics remain a limited thermal resistance compared to glass optics, and hence they are only performed to a limited extend. In contrast, compared to polymer, glass offers some unique properties like an excellent heat and scratch resistance which leads to improved products. Therefore, glass is the material of choice for many future LED applications. Nevertheless, manufacturing glass optics on the other side is currently much more expensive than the manufacturing those of polymer. This is mainly due to the lack of an efficient production process.One very efficient approach to overcome this lack and manufacture large amounts of complex shaped but low-priced optics is to mould optics directly from a gob of molten glass in one integrated process chain with no subsequent mechanical processing required. As described in Figure 1, a glass gob is separated from the molten glass in a furnace and then pressed until its final form in precisely machined cavity moulds. Based on this approach, this innovation in glass moulding enables to avoid any necessity of mechanical processing in the subsequent process chain. As a consequence, less process chain is obtained in CENTiMO, and this makes possible for an efficient production of low-cost glass optics.In order to apply this process, a very close link between glass melting, gob forming, and moulding is the key position, and the definition of an interface between the gobforming and moulding process is crucial in order to guarantee that the two simultaneously developed processes match together. As a result, several technological developments are essential. The key to success in developing an efficient integrated production chain for complex optics is to mould optics directly from a precise, preconditioned gob of molten glass. Accordingly, the precise cutting of glass gobs has been developed and the glass gobs were cooled down in a precise mould before delivering to the moulding stage. Compared to the current glass processing, the amount of glass waste was significantly reduced to almost zero and no further finishing steps, i.e. grinding and polishing, are necessary. Furthermore, this process can be fully automated which makes it fast and stable.In conclusion, the overall goal of the CENTiMO project is to build up a new process chain which allows for an efficient and economically viable glass optic replication. In order to achieve this goal, three individual modules of melting, gobforming and moulding process are realized in the CENTiMO project. A detailed analysis of those modules is carried out. Based on this, the project partners develop a suitable melting and gobforming process which is able to deliver gobs that can directly be moulded into glass optics. In parallel, the glass moulding process is developed. New mould materials are evaluated in order to be fast machinable and achieve the required quality and mould lifetime. Finally, an evaluation and qualification of the developed processes gives decisive feedback for the improvement of the whole process chain.Project Results:The key to success in developing an efficient integrated production chain for complex optics is to mould optics directly from a gob of molten glass in one integrated process chain with no subsequent mechanical processing. Therefore, a very close link between glass melting, gob forming, and moulding is the key position and is mainly focussed on in CENTiMO. The following will intensively describe details of technological developments among all three research work for glass melting, gobforming and moulding processes.The detailed specifications of the CENTiMO optics demonstrators were defined at the beginning of the projects. For this phase, the specific requirements on the moulding process with special focus on the economic viability as well as the requirements resulting from the application in the field of lighting was identified, which ensures that the developed process match perfectly the SMEs needs. As the end-user, OSRAM proposed two designs of optic demonstrator, the Lambert-to-Lambert and Totally Internal Reflection (TIR) lenses, mainly based on two intensive criteria of commercial impact of the CENTiMO project and sufficient challenging shape which guarantees the outstanding CENTiMO technology compared to the state-of-the-art processes. The TIR lens was chosen as the optic demonstrator due to several outstanding reasons. The TIR lenses take advantage of the total internal reflection where light that strikes a surface at a low angle is totally reflected and continues to spread through the material instead of scattering. The optic collimates the light and sends a concentrated beam of light out, giving a small hotspot with greater intensity. When using a TIR lens a reflector is not needed. Also, the selection of the TIR lens is due to the fact that less expensive effort on the preparation of glass preform ensures the cost efficiency process chain. Furthermore, by selecting the TIR lens demonstrator with a non-optical surface, in contrast to the Lambert-to-Lambert lens without any non-optical surface, further research activities in the design of the glass preform and gobforming can be added into the CENTiMO. The research activities of glass preform design focused on the adjustment of the shear cutting-mark in order to be hidden on the non-optical surface, the determination of weight tolerance to be compensated on the non-optical surface and the optimization of glass geometry to minimize the form deviation of the moulded lens. Then, the research work within the melting, gobforming and moulding have been fine adjusted based on this TIR lens demonstrator. A gob weight of 20g with a maximum pull rate of 1.5 ton/day (0.0174 kg/s) has been defined as the development target. Two borosilicate glasses with different thermal expansion coefficient were used. For the melting of the glass an electrically heated minimelter was established. Those criteria served as the basis for further developments and optimization for melting, gobforming and moulding processes. A mathematical model of the desired glass melting furnace has been developed by Glass Service, where the simulation and optimization of the glass melting furnace (minimelter) have been realized. This model was used to optimize the furnace design in order to improve the melting process and meet the glass quality to serve as raw material for LED-optics. The model was studied based on an initial furnace design of 2.2 m long and 0.9 m wide and glass melt depth is 1.1 m. Based on this model, simulation results observed the impact of the furnace design on the melting process and to evaluate it the critical trajectory and residence time was compared. The simulation started with this initially geometrical design with longer furnace and plate melting electrodes. The observation showed that the glass melt surface was not fully covered by the batch and space above the melting part was closed by refractory chamber. In contrast, the using of plate electrodes exposed that glass melt was circulating in whole melting space and intensive mixed in the second half of the melting space. Thus, it is positive for the glass homogeneity (chemical homogeneity). Also, the glass melt remains longer time in area with higher temperatures, which is helpful for refining process. In the next research, the plate electrodes were replaced by rod electrodes which should provide better possibility to distribute (to control) power between melting electrodes. As a result, the observation of the glass melt trajectory provided a conclusion of good homogenisation effect; however, free glass melt surface might cause high heat loss through the surface and consequently high energy consumption. Therefore, another study to solve surface covering problem was tried with the design modification of the furnace by shorter and deeper geometry. This design causes a better chance for the charger to cover the glass melt surface because the melting direction changes from horizontal to vertical. Also, reduced energy consumption can be obtained by the smaller melting space. Moreover, the rod electrodes instead of plate ones provide better flexibility to distribute energy. In order to keep the residence time on acceptable value about 2 hours and to stop eventual the shortcut flow from glass melt surface above the throat to the throat, this furnace design has been completed by the “bench”. This supports the thermal barrier created between melting/refining zone and conditioning zone and helps to increase the temperature above the 1500°C while keeping the minimal residence time above 2 hours. Finally, the final design of the furnace with basic dimensions of all features described above was presented (see Deliverable 2.1). In addition, technical drawings of the optimized furnace design were provided (see Deliverable 2.6). In parallel, a physical model of refining (the process of bubble removing) and delivery of glass melt to feeder has been established with basic design concept of the feeder and delivery system with orifice proposed by Füller. Accordingly, mathematical simulations of the feeder and gobforming were realized. The results of the feeder simulation exposed that the most critical point is the thermal homogeneity of formed gob, which influences the final weight, shape and finally optical properties. Based on this understanding, it is necessary to define proper input temperature to keep temperature decreasing continuous; otherwise the glass melt in feeder would be overheated and it could be a problem for final optical properties of gob. The glass melt has to be prepared in terms of furnace (minimelter) and then just transport into the orifice. The precise temperature conditions in feeder, plunger tube and orifice must guarantee to form the gob with requested shape, weight and without defects. Those temperature conditions were set for the gobforming simulation, considering the flow rate 1.5 t/day (0.01736 kg/s) and the weight of the drop has to be 20g. The plunger rotated 5 revs/min and its movement up and down has been in range (30 mm upwards + 30 mm downwards/s). The gob formation frequency is 60 gobs/min. The diameter of the orifice of 13mm and 1m height of the delivery system provided by Füller, which are very important for gob formation, were used as input for gobforming simulation. The simulation results provided important information of gobforming process (Deliverable 2.4). According to the results, the requested gob weight can be obtained after a time required of 2s and the value of pull rate less than 0.01736 kg/s were sufficient to achieve. The gobforming study also pointed out indication of shear cutting mark; however, the glass melt surface tension is probably removing any shear marks after the process.In the same way requirements for the moulding process have been defined. Officine suggested a modularized mould concept, which can realize low maintenance cost. This idea means all sections of the tool mould can be individually replaceable in order to ensure high flexibility and efficient use of mould materials. With this concept it is possible to follow the fast changing LED market, since necessary changes for a new LED lens generation can be easily adapted. Finally, as the central goals of the CENTiMO project is the moulding out of the glass melt, two moulding process concepts were proposed and carried out separately, mainly for technological development reason and industrial application reason for mass production. The first concept considered the fundamental research and carried out at Fraunhofer IPT mainly focused on the moulding process with intermediate heating on the lower mould. The idea of moulding process with intermediate heating is due to the process development purposes wherein the boundaries for the moulding step require consistency. Thus, the melting and gobforming process were separated, and the glass gobs were prepared accurately for the moulding process. Based on this setup, the results of this research work provided intensive understanding for the process development, including the influence of process parameters on the moulded glass lenses, glass preform optimization, adjustment of shear cutting marks, selection of relevant mould materials and mould-making possibilities. The results of process development was scaled up and implemented at Füller, aiming at the industrial mass production, wherein the TIR lenses were moulded directly out of the glass melt, meaning moulding without intermediate heating. Based on the two decisive moulding concepts, two machine designs were developed by Füller and implemented. The fundamental research for the process development was carried out based on the “Füller PR56” linear moulding machine due to its high flexibility, while moulding process without intermediate heating was performed by the “Füller Roundtable System” due to its high economic efficiency. High amount of research effort has been spent on the development of the moulding process by Fraunhofer IPT and Füller. At the first phase, optimization of glass preforms and adjustment of the shear cutting marks were performed. An “inverse analysis” based on Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to determine the allowable area for the cutting marks, which will be hidden at the non-optical surface of the moulded TIR lenses. This result was transferred to Füller for the design of shear cutting directly from the molten glass and the preparation of gobforming process. Moreover, various glass preforms have been investigated and compared with respect to the required form accuracy of the moulded lens. The simulation results showed that the spherical glass gob brings a high form deviation due to the incomplete glass flow into the mould cavity. Parametric study has been employed to support the decision of suitable glass preform. Accordingly, optimized geometry of the glass preform was determined (see Deliverable 1.3).As stated earlier, modularized mould concept was established and the mould design has been derived based on the geometry of the demonstrator optic. A first moulding experiment with spherical glass preforms has been carried out to test this mould concept. It turned out that the moulded glass optic could not be demoulded and remained in the mould after the pressing step. A potential reason for this might be that the demoulding angle has been set too low, and the optics was stuck in the upper mould insert. Therefore, in a second test, the mould has been modified with a larger demoulding angle of 3°, and the moulding experiment has been carried out again. However, the demoulding problems still remained.The unsuccessful moulding with the first mould concept provided several observations and useful experience. Based on this, the second potential reason for the demoulding problems was clamping during glass shrinkage. The glass cools down during the moulding and during the further pressing step and thus, the optic is clamping on the inner mould insert due to thermal shrinkage. Therefore, the mould design had to be changed. In order to prevent the glass from shrinking on the inner mould insert, the inner mould insert had to be moved upwards very shortly after the glass has completely filled the cavity. Since the glass is still very hot at that time of the moulding process, the lower mould insert and the outer mould insert should still be in contact with the glass. Therefore, a new mould design using a pressure disk has been derived. The mould design with pressure disk and all part geometries are shown in Deliverable 3.2. According to this design, the inner mould insert can be moved separately from the upper mould, and thus the clamping can be prevented. This new mould design has also been investigated in a moulding experiment and the demoulding of the glass optic was easily possible. Furthermore, an investigation of suitable mould materials has intensively been carried out based on the analysis of moulding process, the demonstrator optic, the expected loads on moulds, the requirements of mould material at the moulding conditions, and technological possibilities of mould manufacturing. As a result, a list of ten materials has been investigated, including AISI 310 (1.4841) AISI 413 (1.4057) APXV (1.4057 remelted), AISI H11 (1.2343) X23CrNi17 (1.2787) IN713LC (2.4670) PER75 (2.4951) FeCrAlloy, Ni80Cr20, and CuAl10Ni5Fe4 (2.0966). Due to the limitation of thermal resistance as well as the reasons of maintenance, coating has not been intended to use. According to the identified list of mould materials, two different pretests have been carried out: an oxidation test and a glass contact test in order to select the most suitable mould materials for moulding tests. Good oxidation behaviour is essential when moulding glass optics since the requirements in terms of surface roughness are very high, while low glass contact on mould material avoids glass sticking which can be a cause of mould deterioration and surface defects on moulded lens. Deliverable 3.3 summaries the oxidation, the glass adhesion and wear tests of all tested mould materials. The results showed that all Ni-based alloys (IN713LC, PER75 and Ni80Cr20) and the iron-base alloy FeCrAlloy have shown only a small increase in surface roughness. In contrast, almost all of the steel materials like AISI310, AISI431 and AISI H11 have shown a large increase in surface roughness. An exception from this is material APXV which is a remelted version of AISI431. Its roughness has only slightly increased compared to the other steel materials, which is probably due to the more homogeneous microstructure by remelting process. The surface roughness of the high temperature copper-base alloy CuAl10Ni5Fe4 has approximately increased by a factor of four, what is comparable to that of APXV. In summary of the glass contact tests, it can be stated that the high temperature alloys CuAl10Ni5Fe4, FeCrAlloy and Ni80Cr20 have excellent glass contact behaviour. In contrast to that, the glass contact behaviour of the steel materials AISI310, AISI431, AISIH11 and APXV is rather poor. In this group of steel materials, AISI310 was the material with the best glass contact performance, showing only minor glass adhesion. Finally, the Ni-based super alloy IN713LC and PER75 show very different behaviour. IN713LC showed almost no glass adhesion, while the glass on the PER75 surface tends to stick heavily to the mould material.Finally the wear behaviour has been analysed in order to test how the mould materials are deteriorated, if oxidation, glass contact and mechanical loads are combined. As a result, three materials, including steel 1.2787 CuAl10Ni5Fe4 and FeCrAlloy, were chosen as suitable moulding material for the further moulding tests. Based on those chosen materials, manufacturing processes for three complex mould inserts was fully discussed. Thanks to the expertise of Fraunhofer IPT in the development of mould manufacturing, diamond turning and polishing were used in the mould-making process. Diamond turning can be used for all three components of the moulding tool made of CuAl10Ni5Fe4. In contrast to that, 1.2787 steel and FeCrAlloy cannot be machined with standard diamond turning technology since the materials contain rather high amounts of Fe which leads to heavy chemical wear of the diamond tool. Alternatively, these materials need to be machined using ultrasonic assisted diamond turning wherein a high frequency oscillation is applied to the diamond tool. This oscillation leads to better tool cooling, intermitting chemical interactions, less friction and forces, and thus helps to reduce the diamond tool wear. With this technology it is possible to manufacture the lower mould insert and the inner mould insert of the upper mould. However, since deep concave parts cannot be manufactured by ultrasonic assisted diamond turning due to limited tool accessibility, a combination of precision turning with cBN cutting tools and subsequent polishing is used for the finishing of the outer mould insert. By diamond turning, the surface roughness of CuAl10Ni5Fe4 mould can reach a Ra 4.43nm for the inner mould insert and Ra 10.3 nm for the lower mould insert. Comparably, the surface quality with Ra 5.9nm for the inner insert and Ra 12.5nm for the lower insert was obtained by ultrasonic assisted diamond turning for FeCrAlloy and good surface of Ra 8.8 for steel mould material. With automated polishing process for the complex outer mould inserts, an average of Ra29nm was obtained. Even though this obtained roughness was still higher than the required roughness on the glass (Ra < 10 nm), in previous experiments it could be observed that the roughness does not fully replicate from the mould to the glass. If the roughness of the glass preform is sufficient, the surface roughness of the moulded optics can be acceptable. Analyses of the influences of process parameters on the mould lens quality have intensively carried out at Fraunhofer IPT. Four key parameters in non-isothermal glass moulding, including the temperature of glass and moulds, the applying force and moulding velocity have been investigated. FEM simulation was first employed in order to generate predefined parameters by introducing several boundary conditions. Three boundary conditions were considered with respect to the quality of moulded glass lenses, which are no occurrence of chill ripples, glass sticking free and no crack. Temperature of glass and moulds are observed as critical to the sticking behaviour, while mould temperature and moulding velocity are the most sensitive to the formation of chill ripples. In contrast, moulding force plays a very little influence on the moulding process. Based on FEM simulation results, the range of parameter variation was compressed. In the next steps, a configuration of process optimization was presented and performed to determine the optimized process parameters. Due to the difficulty in measurement of residual stresses on glass and moulds, strain rate during glass flow, FEM simulation was again first carried out to predict those criteria. The sensitivity analysis was used and the results showed that temperature of glass and moulds are most sensitive to those criteria. In parallel, Design of Experiments (DoE) has been performed to investigate the influence of parameters on the form deviation and surface roughness of the glass. Finally, based on the results of simulation and DoE, optimized parameters were successfully realized. At the end of the project, intensive evaluation of the newly developed production chain in non-isothermal glass moulding was performed by Osram. This report aims at a detailed economical qualification and assessment of risks for the future activities after CENTiMO project. Several points were clearly addressed within this report. Firstly, the chosen glass material was relevant and glass can be fully pressed within the required optical quality. For the gobforming process, the weight tolerances were below 1% of the mean value, and this result is acceptable for the glass moulding process. In addition, the “intelligent” design with modularized mould concept allows flexibility and cost efficiency for fast assembly and quick adaption to further changes of demonstration optics. The moulding concept and the obtained optimized moulding parameters were highly relevant to produce good moulded lenses with tolerances of form accuracy and surface roughness in the required range of specification. Finally, the manufacturing process carried out based on a rotary machine concept with 12 operating positions leads to a moulded optic output of 30pcs./min. The concept can be scalable up to 24-position machine for the future purposes. Based on this output, a detailed part cost breakdown calculation of the CENTiMO glass optics was evaluated. By including all required cost items, the calculations were conducted with three different throughputs of ten thousand, hundred thousand and a million pieces per year. The calculations pointed out that 23.88$/pc. for ten thousand pieces per year, 2.39$/pc. for hundred thousand and interestingly only 0.23$/pc. for one million pieces per year. Compared to injection moulded polymer optics with 0.195€/pc. for one million pieces per year, it is obvious to promise the high potential of CENTiMO project in the sector of glass optical components. Also, The SMEs partners can benefit from the newly developed process chain with low-cost optic production (for Fueller Glastechnologie Vertriebs-GmbH) or with innovative mould material and mould-making in glass moulding technology (for Officine S.L. S.r.l.). Similarly, next generation of LED glass optics with cheap price, high optical properties and prolonged lifetime instead of polymer optics can be promised for Osram in the future. Potential Impact:Photonics is a driver for technological innovation and one of the most important key technologies for markets in the 21st century. The economic impact of photonics outreaches by far the mere output of the photonics industry in terms of photonic components, systems and optical consumer goods. The recent reports showed that targets of growing market within the photonics sector, such as lighting devices (e.g. LED optics for high power LED applications, lenses for xenon car headlamp or bulbs for projector) and solar energy systems (e.g. Fresnel lens and concentrator) with a worldwide photonic share of over 77 billion EUR, a European share of 21.3 Billion EUR and annual growth rates of more than 14% (Figure 2, left) have been established up to 2015. Specifically, focusing on the demonstrator optics which will be used for applications in LED lighting, Figure 2 right illustrates that the European market for LED lighting is steadily growing for years. Experts predict that in 2020 the lighting market will be dominated by LEDs with a share of 80%. According to the report, the revenues with LED lamps in the European market has been more than double within the three years, from 0.9 Bil.€ in the year 2012 to 1.9 Bil.€ in the year 2015.Based on the strongly growing demand for complex-shaped yet low-priced glass optics, the CENTiMO project has successfully established new process chain which allows for an efficient and economically viable glass optic replication. After the project, a process chain is now available that can serve the LED optics market which is characterized by large production volumes, high price sensitivity and complex optical designs. The new process chain offers high flexibility in the melting of glass since it is foreseen to use a small sized and therefore very flexible melting furnace. Furthermore, through the advancements in the moulding process, new materials for tool moulds have been investigated. Those materials remaining good properties at the extreme moulding conditions, good thermal resistance will increase the mould life time and will help to further increase the economic viability of the whole process chain. Compared to the state-of-the-art process chain, the CENTiMO process chain offer a huge potential for significant cost reductions through the dramatic reduction in the amount of energy and glass material as well the absence of any kind of subsequent machining. Also, when compared to the plastic injection moulding, even cheaper glass moulded optics can be achieved for mass production. Therefore, this cost-reduction technology for glass optic production will significantly increase the SMEs competitiveness.The exploitation, dissemination and implementation of the projects outputs are essential elements of FP7 projects. In order to structure, schedule and document these activities a plan for use and dissemination of foreground was developed and updated regularly in course of the project. In order to make an easy file transfer a ftp-server was developed and regularly updated. A number of non-confidential results of the developed technology were published by the RTD performers. At the following conferences information and results have been presented:1. Oral presentation to a scientific event at the 2015 Glass & Optical Materials Division and Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft Joint Annual Meeting, Miami, Florida (2015)2. Oral presentation to a scientific event at the 13th International Seminar on Furnace Design Operation & Process Simulation, Velka Karlovice, Czech Republic (2015)3. Oral presentation to a scientific event at the Wetzlarer Herbsttagung "Moderne Optikfertigung", Wetzlar, Germany (2015)4. Oral presentation to a scientific event at the LED- und OLED Praxisforum 2015, Würzburg (2015)While the project period the following conferences and trade shows have been attended:• Trade Fair Facts “Light & Building 2014”, Frankfurt, Germany (2014)• Trade Fair Facts “Optatec 2014”, Frankfurt, Germany (2014)• Trade Fair Facts “Laser World of Photonics 2015”, Munich, Germany (2015)List of Websites:The public website for the project CENTiMO can be found under: »www.centimo.eu«The public area of the website will serve the purpose of a publicly available source of information on the following topics:- Basic information on the projects idea- Description of the technological approach- Information on the project partners and funding organization- Access to project public documents, especially publications and conference papers- Project news, e.g. announcement of upcoming trade fair participationsBelow the involved partners of the project “CENTiMO” are listed. For each partner just one involved person is listed.RTD Partners:Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPTHolger KreilkampSteinbachstr. 17Germany, 52074 AachenGLASS SERVICE, a.s.Erik MuijsenbergRokytnice 60Czech Republic, 75501 VsetínSME Partners:Fueller Glastechnologie Vertriebs-GmbHAlexandra FüllerIndustriestr. 1Germany, 94518 SpiegelauOfficine S.L. S.r.l.Francesco LeonciniLoc. San Marziale Number 7Italy, 53034 Colle di Val d'ElsaIndustrial Analysis LimitedGraham BrooksCrouchmans Business Yard 7United Kingdom, SS39TS Great WakeringOther Partners:OSRAM GmbHRoland HüttingerMarcel Breuer Str. 6Germany, 80807 München Powiązane dokumenty final1-figures.pdf
