Tribochemistry and tribophysics of lubricating oils Stringent environmental regulations calling for the introduction of less harmful chemicals in the automotive industry have stimulated research in new lubrication technologies for internal combustion engines. Climate Change and Environment Food and Natural Resources Health © Okea, Thinkstock Internal combustion engines have been around since the 19th century and are one of the most common power generating devices in use. These include gasoline, diesel engines and even rocket propulsion systems. While renewable energy sources have begun to form an important piece of the energy puzzle, combustion is expected to remain a major contributor for a long time to come. In this light, a large training network was initiated to build knowledge on physical processes that affect friction and wear within internal combustion engines. The EU-funded project ENTICE (Engineering tribochemistry and interfaces with a focus on the internal combustion engine) focused on improving the engine efficiency and prolonging the lifetime of its components. ENTICE supported the research of 14 early-stage researchers and 2 experienced researchers on the physical processes associated with the tribochemistry of lubricated contacts. They developed both experimental and analytical techniques to gain a better understanding of the function of lubricant additives from the bulk to the macroscale. Project fellows investigated oil ageing within the context of tribochemistry processes taking place at the surface of non-ferrous materials. The results of numerical simulations of real surfaces, microstructures and surface modifications of automotive engine components built an accurate picture of both fatigue mechanisms and friction reduction. The ENTICE training network has prepared a new generation of researchers to improve the design and benchmark new lubrication technologies. While the environmental regulations are hard to meet, improvements in the tribological characteristics of internal combustion engines will facilitate a real reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Keywords Tribochemistry, lubricating oils, automotive, internal combustion engines, ENTICE
