Competition in the markets for telecommunication services
The Commission of the European Communities has adopted on 28 June 1990 a Directive on competition in the markets for telecommunications services. This Directive shall not apply to telex, mobile radiotelephony, paging and satellite services. Member States shall withdraw all special and exclusive rights for the supply of telecommunications services other than voice telephony and shall take the measures necessary to ensure that any operator is entitled to supply such telecommunications services. They shall ensure that from 1 July 1991 the grant of operating licences, the control of type approval and mandatory specifications, the allocation of frequencies and surveillance of usage conditions are carried out by a body independent of the telecommunications organizations.