Exploring extreme environments: novel adaptation strategies at molecular level for bio-based innovation The topic covers R&D needed to advance and potentially exploit knowledge on the ways terrestrial and aquatic organisms and their populations adapt, on molecular, physiological, and ecological levels, to the effects of climate change, such as by tolerance to extreme temperatures, drought/water stress, salinity or increased biotic pressures (new pests), as observed at macro-scale (e.g. shifting ecological niches). The scope covers understanding the complex interactions between the affected populations (e.g. molecular signalling), and broader outcomes on an ecological level. International cooperation is strongly encouraged to maximise the impact. Where relevant, proposals should seek synergies and capitalise on the results of past and ongoing research projects. Proposals should: Identify and justify the choice of the selected organism or system under investigation, specifying the level and characteristics of
