Fundamental Science and Outreach for Capacity-on-demand and Dynamic Airspace The SESAR 3 JU has identified the following innovative research elements that could be used to achieve the expected outcomes. The list is not intended to be prescriptive; proposals for work on areas other than those listed below are welcome, provided they include adequate background and justification to ensure clear traceability with the R&I needs set out in the SRIA for the capacity on demand and dynamic airspace flagship.Human performance challenges in an ATM environment with higher levels of automation. The ATM system can be seen as a joint human–machine cognitive system deriving from an integrated design that optimises the collaboration of actors with a view to improving system performance (R&I need: on-demand ATS). The research will address: human performance aspects related to higher levels of automation (e.g. stress, lack of attention, deskilling, complacency), and resilience by, for example, developing new approaches to d