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Synthesis of new allotropes of carbon: Cyclocarbon catenanes

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - CycloCarbonCatenane (Synthesis of new allotropes of carbon: Cyclocarbon catenanes)

Reporting period: 2021-05-10 to 2023-05-09

Generation of a new carbon allotrope is highly demanded, with respect to the impact of the other carbon allotropes, such as fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotube. This project is designed to create new carbon allotropes that are stable for characterizations. The project of cyclic carbon allotrope protected by macrocycles aims to address the issue of emerging carbon materials, i.e. cyclocarbons, that are unstable and susceptible to chemical reactions and self-degradation, which will limit their practical applications. The use of macrocycles, which are cyclic molecules made up of multiple organic units forming cylindrical shapes, can protect carbon materials from environmental degradation, allowing them to maintain their unique properties and improve their stability.

This project is important for society because carbon materials have numerous applications in fields such as electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. However, the instability of emerging carbon materials can limit their effectiveness and lifespan, which can hinder their widespread adoption and impact on society. By developing a more stable carbon allotrope protected by macrocycles, this project has the potential to improve the performance and longevity of carbon-based materials, leading to more efficient and sustainable technologies.

The overall objectives of this project are to design and synthesize new carbon allotropes that are stabilized by macrocycles, characterize their properties, and explore their potential applications in various fields. Ultimately, the goal is to create carbon materials that can withstand harsh environments and maintain their unique properties, leading to more efficient and durable technologies.
One carbon allotrope having purely 16 carbons, namely cyclo16carbon, has been generated on a cold surface and the properties have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). This work has been published on ChemRxiv and submitted to Nature, which is under review now.

Linear versions of segments of carbon allotrope have been synthesised and characterized with the protection of from one to four macrocycles. This work has been published on ChemRxiv and submitted to Nature Chemistry, which is under review now.

The work to achieve a stabilized carbon allotrope protected by macrocycles is undergoing, and I have achieved the final precursors towards the target.
The project of carbon allotrope protected by macrocycles has made significant progress beyond the state of the art in the field of carbon materials. The use of macrocycles to stabilize carbon allotropes is a novel approach that has the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional carbon materials, which are susceptible to degradation and have limited lifespans. The expected results until the end of the project include the successful synthesis and characterization of a stabilized carbon allotrope protected by macrocycles.

In terms of socio-economic and wider societal implications, the potential impact of this project depends on the properties of this material. This project has the potential to inspire further research and innovation in the field of synthetic chemistry and materials science, leading to the development of new materials and technologies that can benefit society as a whole.
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