Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a broad and heterogeneous group of conditions resulting from disruptions in key neurodevelopmental processes. One of the primary challenges in studying NDDs lies in their extensive heterogeneity, both in phenotypic presentation and genetic architecture. These disorders are associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric and behavioral conditions, including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. The genetic landscape of NDDs is highly complex, with over 1,000 genetic loci identified as contributing to increased risk. Identifying the genetic underpinnings of NDDs is essential not only for elucidating the molecular mechanisms driving their onset but also for facilitating accurate genetic counseling, guiding clinical management, and enabling timely medical intervention. NDDs are estimated to affect approximately 10 to 15% of all births, with prevalence rates increasing worldwide over the last years, bringing a large societal and financial burden in Europe and worldwide.
Patients with NDDs and mental health problems are geographically dispersed. In the Western Balkan Region research focused on NDDs is still facing limitations due to insufficient funding and gaps in technologies. To overcome these challenges, there is critical need to establish a high-capacity regional center with research infrastructure and practices aligned with those of EU institutions. The STREAMLINE project was launched to address this need by strengthening strategic networking and boosting the research and innovation potential of the Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade (IMGGE). The aim was to develop IMGGE into a high capacity hub for research of NDDs in the Western Balkans, capable of full integration with top-tier research centers across Europe. This was achieved by twinning IMGGE with three top-class research institutions in Europe: Cardiff University (CU), University of Maastricht (UM) and Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH). As a key focus, the STREAMLINE project targets 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS)—a condition caused by a microdeletion at the q11.2 region of chromosome 22. This syndrome is strongly associated with an elevated risk for various NDDs and represents one of the strongest known genetic risk factors for development of psychiatric illness and one of the highest known genetic risk for schizophrenia. These facts underscore the clinical relevance of 22q11.2DS as a model for investigating the genetic and neurobiological basis of NDDs.
