Project description
The development of asexual breeding technologies in plants
A minority of plants and animals have evolved asexual reproductive strategies. Asexual reproduction by apomixis in plants allows clonal transmission of favourable genotypes through seeds over unlimited generations. Hybrid crop varieties are stress-resistant and high-yielding, yet they reproduce sexually. The introduction of apomixis in hybrid crops would enable the unlimited inheritance of hybrid vigour through seeds. The EU-funded AsexualEmbryo project will explore the genetic and molecular basis of apomixis, aiming to develop novel breeding technologies. The project objectives include uncovering how a parthenogenesis gene homologue functions during sexual reproduction and engineering synthetic apomixis in vegetable crops by eliminating meiosis and triggering parthenogenesis.
Objective
Some plant species have abandoned sex and produce clonal seeds by apomixis; here, we will explore how this occurs, and exploit these insights to develop novel breeding technologies.
In contrast to most eukaryotic species in which reproduction is sexual, a minority of plants and animals have evolved alternative – asexual – reproductive strategies. In plants, apomixis allows clonal transmission of favorable, hybrid genotypes through seeds over unlimited generations. Hybrid crop varieties are stress-resistant and high-yielding due to hybrid vigor, yet they reproduce sexually. The introduction of apomixis in hybrid crops would allow stable inheritance of hybrid vigor through seeds, in perpetuity, and eradicate the need to continuously re-make hybrids by crossing. However, our knowledge of the genetic and molecular basis of apomixis remains incomplete, and blueprints for synthetic apomixis in crops must be established.
This project will decipher the function and evolution of a novel PARTHENOGENESIS gene that I recently demonstrated causes asexual embryo formation in naturally apomictic dandelions. Harnessing and extending fundamental findings, synthetic apomixis systems will be developed in two important vegetable crops – hybrid lettuce and tomato – allowing the full complement of hybrid traits to be faithfully inherited through seeds. Ultimately, apomixis in crops could revolutionize the €22 billion hybrid seed industry, make hybrid seeds readily available for all, and facilitate sustainable, high-performance agriculture around the world.
Specifically, this project will involve:
1) Deciphering how a PARTHENOGENESIS gene homologue functions during sexual reproduction
2) Optimizing the expression of PARTHENOGENESIS factors through evolutionary insights and mutagenesis
3) Engineering synthetic apomixis – a holy grail of plant breeding – in two important dicot crop species by skipping meiosis and triggering PARTHENOGENESIS
Fields of science
Keywords
Programme(s)
- HORIZON.1.1 - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme
Topic(s)
Funding Scheme
HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC GrantsHost institution
6525 XZ Nijmegen
Netherlands