Objective The LING-ANALYSIS project produced the software necessary to perform grapheme-to-phoneme and phoneme-to-grapheme conversion at word level. This involved conversions between the textual and acoustical representation of words and the acquisition of the knowledge required to include speech in the man-machine interface. A linguistic model, based on typical syntactic patterns extracted from texts by statistical analyses, has been developed to deal with ambiguous solutions. The project covered the following languages: Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian and Spanish. The first step was the development of a common methodology among the different languages in order to provide coherent and comparable results. Hardware and software tools were standardisedamong the partners, and language-specific tools developed where necessary. Reference corpora of about 200000 words plus dictionaries and lists of ambiguities (homographs and homophones) were extracted from common European Community texts and newspapers.The efinition and development of a linguistic model for the semi-automatic labelling of new text corpora and for phoneme-to-grapheme conversion on the basis of a contextual analysis was achieved. ed. The project produced the software necessary to perform grapheme to phoneme and phoneme to grapheme conversion at word level. This involved conversions between the textual and acoustical representation of words and the acquisition of the knowledge required to include speech in the man machine interface. A linguistic model, based on typical syntactic patterns extracted from texts by statistical analyses, has been developed to deal with ambiguous solutions. The project covered the following languages: Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian and Spanish. The first step was the development of a common methodology among the different languages in order to provide coherent and comparable results. Hardware and software tools were standardized among the partners, and language specific tools developed where necessary. Reference corpora of about 200 000 words plus dictionaries and lists of ambiguities (homographs and homophones) were extracted from common European Community texts and newspapers. The definition and development of a linguistic model for the semiautomatic labelling of new text corpora and for phoneme to grapheme conversion on the basis of a contextual analysis was achieved.The following results are now available for the different languages: Conversion Algorithm: word level grapheme-to-phoneme and phoneme-to-grapheme conversion algorithms. Analysis of Language at Word Level -computer-readable common phonemic alphabet -consistent systems of grammatical classes -labelling of text corpora of a few thousand words -dictionaries, extracted from the corpora, providing (for each word) graphemic and phonemic representations, possible grammatical tabs, and usage frequency -statistics, extracted from the dictionaries, providing: phonemes and phoneme cluster frequency; graphemes and grapheme cluster frequency; word distribution based on the grapheme length and on the length with or without frequency weighting; and the set f unction K(n) providing K, the percentage coverage of the corpora obtained with the n most frequent words. Disambiguation Rules for Phoneme-to-Grapheme Conversion -list of ambiguous words and ambiguity frequency estimates regarding the grapheme/phoneme/grapheme conversions -transition matrices providing the observed frequency of any pair or triplet of grammatical classes. Assessment of Conversions: methodologies for evaluating the statistical validity of the information appearing in the transition matrices and for comparing the expected performance in speech recognition of different class systems. Integration in a Practical Conversion System: a blackboard model of the language that uses the available knowledge on contextual constraints for solving the ambiguities consequent to the phoneme to grapheme conversion and for selecting the most likely sentence from a word lattice. Exploitation Full industrial exploitation of the results is expected in the early 1990s in speech processing based systems. Target application areas are unrestricted texts, speech synthesis, and large vocabulary speech recognition. The acquired knowledge and the results obtained will also be useful for applications in other domains, such as optical scanning, word-processing and automatic translation. Fields of science natural sciencescomputer and information sciencessoftware Programme(s) FP1-ESPRIT 1 - European programme (EEC) for research and development in information technologies (ESPRIT), 1984-1988 Topic(s) Data not available Call for proposal Data not available Funding Scheme Data not available Coordinator Ingegneria C. Olivetti and C. SpA Address Corso svizzera 185 10149 Torino Italy See on map EU contribution € 0,00 Participants (7) Sort alphabetically Sort by EU Contribution Expand all Collapse all Acorn Computers Ltd United Kingdom EU contribution € 0,00 Address Acorn house vision park histon CB4 4AE Cambridge See on map Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) France EU contribution € 0,00 Address 91406 Orsay See on map KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT NIJMEGEN Netherlands EU contribution € 0,00 Address Erasmusplein 1 6525 HT Nijmegen See on map RUHR-UNIVERSITY BOCHUM Germany EU contribution € 0,00 Address Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum See on map Tecnopolis Csata Novus Ortus Italy EU contribution € 0,00 Address Strada provinciale per casamassima km 3.00 70010 Valenzano bari See on map UNIV NACIONAL DE EDUCACION A DISTANCIA Spain EU contribution € 0,00 Address Pabellon gobierno X Madrid See on map UNIV OF PATRAS Greece EU contribution € 0,00 Address 26500 Patrai See on map
