Periodic Reporting for period 1 - ASSESS CT (Assessing SNOMED CT for Large Scale eHealth Deployments in the EU) Reporting period: 2015-02-01 to 2016-07-31 Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project ASSESS CT’s main objective was to contribute to better semantic interoperability of eHealth services in Europe, in order to optimise care and to minimise harm in delivery of care. Semantic interoperability is ‘the ability of two or more computer systems to exchange information and have the meaning of that information automatically interpreted by the receiving system accurately enough to produce useful results, as defined by the end users of both systems.’ This is crucial for the sharing of data between different eHealth services.What ASSESS CT aimed to do was to investigate whether the clinical terminology SNOMED CT, a potential semantic standard for improving semantic interoperability, is fit for EU-wide eHealth deployments. Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so far To understand whether SNOMED CT is suitable to act as a core reference terminology for supporting EU-wide eHealth deployments existing experiences of the use of ASSESS CT and other large-scale terminology systems have been investigated. SNOMED CT was seen as a core reference terminology in a terminology ecosystem. Any semantic interoperability strategy needs to consider the coexistence of a set of standard terminologies : Neither SNOMED CT, nor any other terminology, even limiting the scope or the domain, can be the “unique” solution.Reference terminologies of the eco-system should be related to national and international aggregation terminologies to support secondary uses and administrative processes.ASSESS CT sought empirical evidence for the fitness for purpose of SNOMED CT, compared to other terminologies. Four studies were conducted:• Evaluation of semi-automatic creation of terminology interface terms• Terminology coverage analysis on international EHR (Electronic Health Record) samples• Use of terminologies for manual and automated annotation of unstructured data• Use of terminologies for structured data entryThe conclusion of these studies is that SNOMED CT is equally well suited as an alternative UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) extract for clinical text annotation and better for the binding of terminology codes to clinical models. For all languages and terminology settings, inter-coder agreement needs to be improved.Only the English SNOMED CT provides an acceptable inventory of interface terms, whereas for German, French and Dutch, the UMLS is a good source for clinical interface terms. Therefore, user interface terminology aspects need to be emphasised, not primarily as parts of localised SNOMED versions but rather as separate artefacts. The role of user interface terminologies is especially important in the automated processing of clinical texts. ASSESS CT developed policy recommendations on the adoption of large-scale (international) clinical terminologies, such as SNOMED CT, as part of a national and/or European strategy towards advancing the semantic interoperability of health data. Recommendation 1: Any decision about the adoption and role of terminological resources, including SNOMED CT, must be part of a wider, coherent and priority-driven strategy for optimizing the benefits of semantic interoperability in health data.A European terminology strategy should be part of an overarching European eHealth strategy. The strategy should support the principles of collecting clinical data once and using them multiple times, where allowed and required. Thus, administrative, public health and research information should almost always be derived from routinely collected clinical information. This strategy should have Member State commitment and should consider human and financial resource implications, incentives, as well as technical and semantic requirements. Recommendation 2: SNOMED CT is the best available candidate for a core reference terminology for cross-border, national and regional eHealth deployments in Europe. A main advantage is its content coverage, which is superior to any other single terminology, making it the most complete point of reference for health related concepts. Another advantage of SNOMED CT over a set of other clinical terminologies is its principled ontology-based architecture with a logic-based coordination syntax. Recommendation 3: SNOMED CT should be part of an ecosystem of terminologies, including international aggregation terminologies (the WHO Family of Classifications), and including national interface terminologies, which address multilinguality in Europe and clinical communication with lay language and multidisciplinary professional language.No country sees SNOMED CT as a standalone solution, but rather as an important part of the national terminology infrastructure. Recommendation 4: The adoption of SNOMED CT should be realised incrementally rather than all at once, by developing terminology subsets that address the interoperability requirements for prioritised use cases, and expanding this set over some years. Such incremental use, but across all Member States, might be subject to specially negotiated licences on behalf of the whole of European Union. Solutions must be in place for legacy conversion, guaranteeing the continued exploitation of historical data, for user interface terminologies, and for assuring the continuation of global mortality and morbidity statistics.Recommendation 5: Mechanisms should be established to facilitate and co-ordinate European Member State co-operation on terminology and semantic interoperability, including common areas of governance across national terminology centres, eHealth competence centres (or equivalent national bodies).This should maximise the value of Member State and SDO alignment on the approach to advancing semantic interoperability, including the implementation and deployment of SNOMED CT.The prioritisation of the key drivers behind semantic interoperability, at European and Member State levels, is important in directing the downstream priorities of an implementation strategy. Progress beyond the state of the art and expected potential impact (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of the project so far) Although ASSESS CT cannot target semantic interoperability directly, it has certainly laid the foundations for interoperability strategies to become much stronger.Evidence gathered through existing experiences has helped to shape a vision of the potential impact of SNOMED CT as the core terminology at the EU level. Empirical experiments and evidence showed further that SNOMED CT is equally or better suited than comparable terminology scenarios to support semantic interoperability of eHealth services in Europe, acting as a core reference terminology. This should support the Commission to facilitate the use of SNOMED CT as a core reference terminology. It also highlights the need for user interface terminologies as separate artefacts to be connected to core reference terminologies. The creation of multiple user interface terminologies could be done under the co-ordination of a common European stakeholder alliance. The detailed evidence on SNOMED CT’s fitness for purpose we managed to consolidate and thereby strengthening the impact of the evidence by making it more approachable to decision-makers and by crystallising the key project requirements. The organising of workshops and conferences dedicated to the themes of semantic interoperability, terminology systems, reference terminologies versus user interface terminologies, and SNOMED CT in particular, has helped to highlight the importance of multi-stakeholder engagement in this important area. ASSESS CT partners and experts at workshops Figure 1 to be included in "Work Performed" section of summary
