Deliverables
UFC will organise and support the exchange of PhD and MSc students among academic partners, as well as stays at the sites of industrial partners. The attendance of students to relevant summer schools, specialisation courses and workshops may also be supported.
6 journal publications and 8 conference contributionsThe project's scientific results will be disseminated through the customary channels of the scientific community, such as journals and conferences. The project aims to publish a minimum of six articles in international, peer-reviewed, reputable, high-impact, open-access journals, and a minimum of eight presentations or posters at relevant international conferences.
First project workshopUFC will organise a workshop, focusing on more fundamental research in degradation and prognostics.
Open-source database for project-generated dataSINTEF will prepare a collection of all publishable data produced in the project will be assembled and released under an open-source licence; some data may be anonymised upon justified request of the partners.
Second project workshopUFC will organise a workshop focusing on the dissemination of project results.
EK will test the diagnostic approaches for single cells and short stacks developed at FESB on the third full-size stack, to highlight any difference in behaviour and required adjustments to the prognostic approaches.
White paper on standards for hydrogen range extenders for city busesVDL will define a public standard for battery city buses and hydrogen range extenders, focusing in particular on their interfaces (power, heat, communications, mechanical, etc.).
Rejuvenation techniques for automotive fuel cellsFESB will develop methods to reverse degradation phenomena in fuel cells for all relevant mechanisms that allow rejuvenation. These methods will be specified in written procedures, which will be validated by laboratory tests.
Evaluation of the achievement of performance targetsBEG will evaluate whether the project has produced a solution able to satisfy the targets for 2020 set by the FCH2 JU's MAWP in regards to bus and system cost, availability, consumption and lifetime, on a basis of 200 units being manufactured.
Business case of for operators of hydrogen city busesBEG will analyse for multiple target markets the business case for integration of battery buses with hydrogen range extenders equipped with PHM-enhanced control systems, using data for at least three large European cities or metropolitan areas and two extra-European ones, to be chosen such as to represent the widest spectrum of requirements and conditions.
Model-based prognostic algorithm for PEM fuel cell systemsUFC will develop model-based prognostic algorithms for the selected BoP components (air supply unit, pressure reducer and humidifier) and for the PEM fuel cell stack. This model will be tuned based on existing experimental data provided by BEG and EK.
Control system specification and algorithmsSINTEF and BEG will define how prognostics will be integrated in the control system’s architecture, how the control system will exploit information from diagnostics and prognostics, and define in detail the algorithms it will include. UFC will support the activity with feedback on the requirements and assumptions of prognostic algorithms.
Protocols for experiments and validation activitiesBased on early results in degradation mechanisms from FESB and BEG, SINTEF will develop common protocols for both accelerated and long-term testing of stacks and BoP components, with the additional support of EK for stacks and VDL for typical city bus load profiles.
Third annual data reportingThe project data will be collected according to one or more specific template(s) (depending on the technology, TRL, etc.) to be made available by the FCH2 JU in a dedicated platform/tool accessible on-line and password-protected (TEMONAS).
Second annual data reportingThe project data will be collected according to one or more specific template(s) (depending on the technology, TRL, etc.) to be made available by the FCH2 JU in a dedicated platform/tool accessible on-line and password-protected (TEMONAS).
Results from demonstration of the range extenderAfter receiving back the range extender from VDL with the fuel-cell system installed, BEG will run tests on it and collect data on the system within. The range extender will be tested according to long-term and accelerated protocols. The range extender will be demonstrated in a relevant environment, recreating conditions of actual usage such as load profile and exposure to elements.
Diagnostic methods for automotive fuel-cell systemsBased on the degradation phenomena identified in the project for fuel cells and BoP components, FESB and UFC will devise diagnostic methods to estimate the current state of fuel-cell systems. SINTEF will contribute to the development of methods by controllability analysis of the fuel-cell system, including proposed modifications. BEG will contribute with their detailed knowledge of component specifications.
Validation of degradation mechanisms and diagnostics in automotive fuel-cell systems in demonstrationFESB will validate the models of degradation mechanisms against data from experiments and demonstration, in particular by quantifying the time scale of accelerated testing protocols against long-term degradation data. EK will perform validation experiments on the full-size stack in the range extender, which will be delivered to EK from BEG. BEG will contribute for the part regarding BoP components. SINTEF will perform statistical analyses of validation data with the objective of identifying patterns and mechanisms in coordination with FESB, EK and BEG.
Results of experiments on BoP componentsBEG will select all the system's BoP components considering their robustness and expected lifetime. This applies to all BoP components, but in particular on the three BoP components that cause most system failures or have a large impact on system cost, i.e. air supply unit, pressure reducer and the cathode inlet humidifier. These components are evaluated on a test bench before integrating them in the system; the three more important BoP components identified above will also be tested with accelerated and long-term protocols. EK will provide the BoP components that will be integrated directly in their stack’s media supply system, including sensors and equipment for droplet removal on the anodic side.
Degradation mechanisms in automotive fuel-cell systemsFESB will select, rank and quantify the most relevant degradation mechanisms in fuel cells for automotive systems. BEG will characterise degradation patterns in critical BoP components (air supply, pressure reducer and humidifier), drawing mostly from their previously available data, integrating it with laboratory experiments in case relevant data were missing.
Experimental validation of the prognostic algorithm for the PEM fuel cell systemUFC will validate the prognostic algorithms experimentally, based on data from laboratory tests performed at BEG and from demonstration. SINTEF will perform statistical analyses of validation data with the objective of identifying patterns and mechanisms in coordination with UFC.
Validation of the control system in laboratory and demonstrationBEG will validate the performance of the control system based on data obtained testing the range extenders. SINTEF will perform statistical analyses of data from laboratory tests and demonstration with the objective of identifying patterns and mechanisms.
First annual data reportingThe project data will be collected according to one or more specific template(s) (depending on the technology, TRL, etc.) to be made available by the FCH2 JU in a dedicated platform/tool accessible on-line and password-protected (TEMONAS).
BEG will assemble the system after receiving two of the EK stacks. After assembly, BEG will perform start-up conditioning and commission the system. BEG will also perform a first test of degradation diagnostic algorithms to get a reference point for Beginning of Life (BoL).
Laboratories equipped with single cells and short stacksEK will design single cells and short stacks for laboratory experiments at partner sites, especially FESB. EK will construct and deliver 10 cells and 2 short stacks.
Fuel-cell range extender for electric busesVDL will engineer and build a range extender housing a fuel-cell system provided by BEG. A robust hybridisation strategy for buses and range extenders will be defined with the support of SINTEF and BEG. The range extenders will also house hydrogen storage tanks and other BoP components that will be specified, acquired and installed by VDL. VDL will assemble and commission the prototypes at their facilities, and deliver them to BEG for testing.
Full-size stacks delivered for integration into fuel-cell systemsEK will design full-size stacks for VDL's range extender. EK will manufacture three such 30kW stacks, which will be delivered to BEG for integration in the fuel-cell system.
SINTEF will set up and maintain a server for the project Web site, and make it available to UFC for editing.
Publications
Author(s):
Petrone, Raffaele; Yousfi Steiner, Nadia; Jemeï, Samir; Harel, Fabien; Hissel, Daniel; Péra, Marie-Cécile
Published in:
7th International Conference On Fundamentals and Development of Fuel Cells, 2017
Publisher:
FDFC 2017
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1048908
Author(s):
Zenith, Federico
Published in:
EERA Fuel Cell Seminar Seminar, 2014
Publisher:
EERA Seminar
Author(s):
Zenith, Federico; Tjønnås, Johannes; Halvorsen, Ivar Johan
Published in:
European Fuel Cell Car Workshop, 2017
Publisher:
EFCW 2017
Author(s):
Petrone, Raffaele; Steiner, Nadia; Hissel, Daniel; Péra, Marie-Cécile; Jemeï, Samir; Zerhouni, Noureddine
Published in:
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2017, 2017
Publisher:
IEEE
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1303893
Author(s):
I.Pivac; I.J. Halvorsen; D. Bezmalinovic; Frano Barbir; Federido Zenith
Published in:
European Fuel Cell Conference 2017, 2017
Publisher:
EFC2017
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1160894
Author(s):
Barbir, Frano; Radica, Gjomir; Bezmalinović, Dario; Šimić, Boris; Penga, Željko; Pivac, Nikolina; Pivac, Ivan
Published in:
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2017, 2018
Publisher:
IEEE
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1304050
Author(s):
Halvorsen, Ivar Johan; Pivac, Ivan; Bezmalinović, Dario; Barbir, Frano; Zenith, Federico
Published in:
Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Conference 2018, 2018
Publisher:
H2FC2018
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1303211
Author(s):
Petrone, Raffaele; Yousfi Steiner, Nadia; Hissel, Daniel
Published in:
Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Conference 2018, 2018
Publisher:
H2FC2018
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1303933
Author(s):
Federico Zenith
Published in:
Hydrogen Innovation Festival, 2018
Publisher:
MedioTejo21
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1255378
Author(s):
Federico Zenith
Published in:
Hannover Messe, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Technical Forum, 2019
Publisher:
Hannover Messe
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.2631210
Author(s):
R. Petrone, N. Yousfi Steiner, D. Hissel, M.-C. Péra, N. Zerhouni, S. Jameï, S. Hemmer, R. Bouwman
Published in:
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2018, 2018
Publisher:
IEEE
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.3252575
Author(s):
Federico Zenith
Published in:
Fundamentals and Development of Fuel Cells 2019, 2019
Publisher:
FDFC2019
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.2563594
Author(s):
A.H. Detti, S. Jemeï, N. Yousfi Steiner
Published in:
Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2018, 2018
Publisher:
IEEE
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.3252573
Author(s):
Federico Zenith
Published in:
Hydrogen Days, 2019
Publisher:
HyTEP
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.2631200
Author(s):
A. H. Detti, N. Yousfi Steiner, L. Bouillaut,A. B. Same, S. Jemei
Published in:
Vehicle Power Propulsion Conference, 2019
Publisher:
IEEE
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.1467942
Author(s):
Federico Zenith, Ivar J. Halvorsen, Ivan Pivac, Dario Bezmalinović, Frano Barbir
Published in:
Vehicle Power Propulsion Conference, 2019
Publisher:
IEEE
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.3490376
Author(s):
Ivar J. Halvorsen, Federico Zenith
Published in:
Nordic Process Control Workshop, 2019
Publisher:
DTU
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.3552727
Author(s):
Ivan Pivac, Boris Šimić, Frano Barbir
Published in:
Journal of Power Sources, Issue 365, 2017, Page(s) 240-248, ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
DOI:
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.087
Author(s):
Ivan Pivac, Dario Bezmalinović, Frano Barbir
Published in:
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Issue 43/29, 2018, Page(s) 13512-13520, ISSN 0360-3199
Publisher:
Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.05.095
Author(s):
Ivar J. Halvorsen, Ivan Pivac, Dario Bezmalinović, Frano Barbir, Federico Zenith
Published in:
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, ISSN 0360-3199
Publisher:
Pergamon Press Ltd.
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.004
Intellectual Property Rights
Application/Publication number:
20
20382
Date:
2018-02-06
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