Objective Do even the smallest clouds simply drift with the wind? Vast areas of our oceans and land are covered with shallow cumulus clouds. These low-level clouds are receiving increased attention as uncertainties in their representation in global climate models lead to a spread in predictions of future climate. This attention emphasizes radiative and thermodynamic impacts of clouds, which are thought to energize the large-scale Hadley circulation. But broadly overlooked is the impact of shallow cumuli on the trade-winds that drive this circulation. Reasons for this negligence are a lack of observations of vertical wind structure and the wide range of scales involved.My project will test the hypothesis that shallow cumuli can also slow down the Hadley circulation by vertical transport of momentum. First, observations of clouds and winds will be explicitly connected and the causality of their relationship will be exposed using ground-based and airborne measurements and high-resolution modeling. Second, new lidar techniques aboard aircraft are exploited to validate low-level winds measured by the space-borne Aeolus wind lidar and collect high-resolution wind and turbulence data. Third, different models of momentum transport by shallow convection will be developed to represent its impact on winds. Last, evidence of global relationships between winds and shallow cumulus are traced in Aeolus and additional satellite data and the impact of momentum transport on circulations in a control and warmer climate is tested in a general circulation model. This project exploits my expertise in observing and modeling clouds and convection focused on a hypothesis which, if true, will strongly influence our understanding of the sensitivity of circulations and the sensitivity of climate. It will increase the predictability of low-level winds and convergence patterns, which are important to many disciplines, including climate studies, numerical weather prediction and wind-energy research. Fields of science natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesmeteorologyengineering and technologymechanical engineeringvehicle engineeringaerospace engineeringsatellite technologyengineering and technologymechanical engineeringvehicle engineeringaerospace engineeringaircraftnatural sciencesphysical sciencesclassical mechanicsfluid mechanicsfluid dynamicsnatural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatology Programme(s) H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme Topic(s) ERC-2016-STG - ERC Starting Grant Call for proposal ERC-2016-STG See other projects for this call Funding Scheme ERC-STG - Starting Grant Coordinator TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT Net EU contribution € 1 867 120,00 Address Stevinweg 1 2628 CN Delft Netherlands See on map Region West-Nederland Zuid-Holland Delft en Westland Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Participation in EU R&I programmes Opens in new window HORIZON collaboration network Opens in new window Other funding € 0,00 Beneficiaries (1) Sort alphabetically Sort by Net EU contribution Expand all Collapse all TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT Netherlands Net EU contribution € 1 867 120,00 Address Stevinweg 1 2628 CN Delft See on map Region West-Nederland Zuid-Holland Delft en Westland Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Participation in EU R&I programmes Opens in new window HORIZON collaboration network Opens in new window Other funding € 0,00