Periodic Reporting for period 1 - STOPCa (The cryptic path of tumor-microenvironment interactions in prostate cancer)
Reporting period: 2017-10-01 to 2019-09-30
Action objectives
We hypothesized that bone metastatic, stroma-specific molecular signature may be conserved in tumor models even in diffenent (non bone) microenvironments. The main objective of the STOPCa was to determine whether the stroma of metastatic PCa contains a specific (pre)metastatic gene expression signature which may be detectable in primary PCa either prior to or during metastasis and act as prognosis factor.
Aim 1. To identify the molecular transcriptome of tumor and tumor-stroma cells in patient-derived xenograft models
Aim 2. To uncover the mechanisms of tumor-stroma interactions and their prognostic value
Conclusions
Our data show that metastatic PCa PDXs, that differ in androgen sensitivity, trigger a differential stroma response suggesting that stroma is influenced by tumor cues. Selected stromal markers commonly found in bone metastatic sites were induced in the microenvironment of the host organism in metastatic xenografts, although implanted in a non-bone site, indicating a “transcriptional memory” mechanism inherited by tumor cells and inducing a stromal premetastatic signature with high potential prognostic/ diagnostic value.
1. Conservation of bone metastasis stromal signature genes in other PDXs from BM, maintained in non-bone microenvironment. 2. Proof of modulation of stromal cells by tumor cells, which is specific to the tumor properties. 3. Molecular identification of transcriptome of androgen-dependent and androgen independent stroma. 4. Identification of key stromal proteins involved in the crosstalk with tumor cells with prognostic value assessed in clinical PCa cases
-Characterisation of tumor growth kinetic of BM18 and LAPC9 PDXs established in intact or androgen deprived (castration) immunodeficient mice, showed androgen dependent tumor growth of BM18, and in contrast androgen independent tumor growth of LAPC9, indicating the differential aggressiveness of the two models.
-Molecular characterisation of BM18 and LAPC9 PDXs at the gene expression level. To identify the human-specific and mouse-specific transcriptome we employed next-generation sequencing (RNASeq) and analysed the whole transcriptome of BM18 and LAPC9 tumors, following castration and androgen replacement. Computational analysis allowed separation of species- specific transcriptome on the same sample, after using human/mouse reference genome sequences.
- We assessed the expression of stromal genes, specifically found in PCa bone metastatic stroma signature (OB-BMST), as reported in previous studies with PCa cell line models. Interestingly, all seven genes which activated in OB-BMST signature, were also active in the stroma of both PDXs.
-We identified novel relevant stroma expression alterations that occur due to changes in tumor cells, by subjecting the BM18 and LAPC9 PDXs to androgen deprivation (castration) and androgen replacement.
-We demonstrated that human (tumor) and mouse (stroma) transcriptomes follow androgen dependent transcriptomic changes in the BM18 groups (Intact vs castrated vs replaced) and even in the aggressive, androgen independent LAPC9 tumors. We curated the list of topmost activated genes in the aggressive LAPC9, indicated candidate stromal and tumor genes of potential interesting tumor-stroma interactions.
-We optimised maintainance of stromal and tumor cells in vitro in order to functionally assess the role of key genes by interfering with their activation.
-Molecular characterisation of BM18 and LAPC9 PDXs by proteomic functional analysis, validated the expression of key stromal genes as identified in the RNASeq. and their corresponding interaction partners in tumor cells.
-Evaluation of prognostic value of identified candidate genes in clinical PCa cases with clinical progression (recurrence/metastasis) and survival follow-up information.
Exploitations and Dissemination
The results of STOPCa were and will be disseminated on different national and international conferences by posters and oral presentations. The proposed project work was presented at the “Modelling fibrosis and cancer” talk by Dr.S.Karkampouna at the Bio Cell, Development & Biomedicine (CDB) Seminar Series hosted by the University of East Agglia.
(https://twitter.com/biouea/status/933984832304111616). STOPCa project “Tumor-microenvironment interactions in prostate cancer” will be presented (poster presentation) by Dr.S. Karkampouna at the 10th International Conference “Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology” under session “Tissue Engineering Applications” (MMB 2020, https://mmb2020.org/) in Bern, Switzerland. Two research publications summarising the results of this project are currently under preparation.