Periodic Reporting for period 4 - NOQIA (NOvel Quantum simulators – connectIng Areas)
Reporting period: 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31
As one of the most important pillars of quantum technologies (QT), quantum simulators (QS) promise interdisciplinary applications and solutions for fundamental problems of physics, as well as for chemistry, material sciences and optimization problems. There are, however, still areas of contemporary physics and science in general, full of hard to solve/simulate problems that were not yet quantum simulated. One of these areas is attoscience (AS), or more generally ultrafast science, i.e. physics and chemistry of systems interacting with intense and ultrashort laser pulses (from XUV to MIR, or even THZ range). AS can be quantum simulated by other systems, and can itself serve as a contemporary platform for QS, where the focus is no more on simulations of systems described by Hamiltonians or Liouville operators, but of generation and control of massively entangled states, and on the theory of their possible characterization and applications. Another area that is still missing connection to quantum simulators is the area of classical and quantum machine learning (ML). ML offers solutions for pattern recognition, or various classification and optimization problems. Our uniquely broad experience motivates us to attempt to unify these areas, aiming at the new field of QS of ultrafast science and quantum learning devices, under the common umbrella of topology and topological effects in physics (TEP), and quantum validation and certification (QVC). The overarching aims are, on the AS side, to investigate and employ topological effects in ultrafast science, especially in strongly correlated few body and many body systems interacting with intense MIR laser/THz laser/XUV sources, and to design quantum simulators of these effects with atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) platforms. On the ML side, we will apply ML methods to problems of quantum many-body physics and QS, based on AMO platforms; conversely, we will transfer quantum many-body techniques, like tensor networks methods to ML problems. Perhaps the most important beyond-planned-results is the development of the nover area connecting AS, QS, Quantum Information Science and Quantum Optics in general, which deals with quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory effects in Attoscience that can be studied using Quantum Optics methods.
The project is important for the society since it connects fundamental discoveries in AS and QS, but addresses also concrete applications in QT. We connect particular hope with novel ways of generating quantum entanglement and correlations in ultrafast scenario. Understanding dynamics of strongly correlated systems is the clue for the future application of QS and AS. NOQIA is at the frontiers of this research area.
The project is important for the society since it connects fundamental discoveries in AS and QS, but addresses also concrete applications in QT. We connect particular hope with novel ways of generating quantum entanglement and correlations in ultrafast scenario. Understanding dynamics of strongly correlated systems is the clue for the future application of QS and AS. NOQIA is at the frontiers of this research area.
In general, the work performed from the beginning of the project led to over 200 publications, directly and tightly, or at least partially bounded to the goals of NOQIA. All of these papers were published in the leading international journals, with some in the Nature group, PHys. Rev. Lett., Phys. Rev. X, Phys. Rev. X Quantum, and impactful review journals, like Rep. Prog. Phys., Phys. Rep., or Nature Physics Reviews. They are listed below, in the detailed report of the objectives. The results were presented at numerous international meeting and conferences, seminars etc. We realized a non-trivial dissemination plan toward general public, culminating in a concert at the most important festival of electro-acoustic music SONAR21, entitled “Interpreting Quantum Randomness” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-GLxgg0Z18(opens in new window)).
Overall, the major results of the project have been:
- Develop a new, interdisciplinary field, connecting QS and AS, under the common umbrella of topology and topological effects in physics, and quantum validation-certification. Demonstrate novel topological effects in AMO systems/quantum simulators, such as synthetic twisted bilayer systems. Translate and design analogues of novel TEP in QS with AMO platforms to ultrafast science of solid state, and vice versa.
- Address novel challenges that currently arise in AS of solid state, and strongly correlated many/few body systems, such as detection/generation of topological order and/or superconductivity and other exotic quantum phases. Transfer/quantum simulate them into/with AMO platforms, providing validation and certification protocols.
- We studied intensively AS for QS, in various aspects. The most important is the new line of research that allows to use AS as QS directly for generation of massively entangled and superposition states and for detection of topological order.
Finally, we studied intensively AS for QS, in various aspects. The most important is the new line of research that allows to use AS as QS directly for generation of massively entangled and superposition states and for detection of topological order. Also we worked on combining ML methods with tensor networks.
Below we describe the major achievements of the project, related to the 4 objectives.O1 Quantum simulators for ultrafast science: Here we published 20 papers in the world leadinf journals, including 5 impactful reviews, 1 Nature, 11 Phys. Rev. Lett., 1 Phys. Rev. X, 2 Phys. Rev. X Quantum; O2 Ultrafast science for quantum simulators: Here we published 16 papers in the world leading journals, including 3 impactful reviews, 1 PNAS, 5 in Nature-group, 5 Phys. Rev. Lett., 1 Phys. Rev. X Quantum, 1 seminal New J. Phys.; O3 Quantum simulators for quantum machine learning: We published 2 papers in Phys. Rev, Lett., and one important dissemination paper on sonification of quantum processes (3.3). We worked on designs of quantum NN and their storage capacity (1 Phys. Rev. E). We studied variational autoengoders and autonomous AI (two papers). We work intensively on dissemination projects, where quantum processes from O1 and O2 are “translated” into sounds, in the form of sounds, or better to say contemporary music (several papers in books and preceedings in 2024 and 2025); O4 Quantum machine learning for quantum simulators: We have published 21 papers (review in Rep. Prog. Phys.,1 Nature Comm., 5 Phys. Rev. Lett., seminal 1 Quantum, 1 New J. Phys., 3 ML: Sci. Tech., J. Stat. Phys., SciPost Phys., 2 Phys. Rev. B, 2 Phys. Rev. Res., 2 J. Phys. A, Biophys. J., ), in which we have developed various methods of ML to study QS.Two papers (one in Phys. Rev. Res. A and one submitted) were devoted to quantum tomography ehanced by ML. We applied ML for studies of many-body dynamics, with focus on disordered systems and QS of many-body localization.
Overall, the major results of the project have been:
- Develop a new, interdisciplinary field, connecting QS and AS, under the common umbrella of topology and topological effects in physics, and quantum validation-certification. Demonstrate novel topological effects in AMO systems/quantum simulators, such as synthetic twisted bilayer systems. Translate and design analogues of novel TEP in QS with AMO platforms to ultrafast science of solid state, and vice versa.
- Address novel challenges that currently arise in AS of solid state, and strongly correlated many/few body systems, such as detection/generation of topological order and/or superconductivity and other exotic quantum phases. Transfer/quantum simulate them into/with AMO platforms, providing validation and certification protocols.
- We studied intensively AS for QS, in various aspects. The most important is the new line of research that allows to use AS as QS directly for generation of massively entangled and superposition states and for detection of topological order.
Finally, we studied intensively AS for QS, in various aspects. The most important is the new line of research that allows to use AS as QS directly for generation of massively entangled and superposition states and for detection of topological order. Also we worked on combining ML methods with tensor networks.
Below we describe the major achievements of the project, related to the 4 objectives.O1 Quantum simulators for ultrafast science: Here we published 20 papers in the world leadinf journals, including 5 impactful reviews, 1 Nature, 11 Phys. Rev. Lett., 1 Phys. Rev. X, 2 Phys. Rev. X Quantum; O2 Ultrafast science for quantum simulators: Here we published 16 papers in the world leading journals, including 3 impactful reviews, 1 PNAS, 5 in Nature-group, 5 Phys. Rev. Lett., 1 Phys. Rev. X Quantum, 1 seminal New J. Phys.; O3 Quantum simulators for quantum machine learning: We published 2 papers in Phys. Rev, Lett., and one important dissemination paper on sonification of quantum processes (3.3). We worked on designs of quantum NN and their storage capacity (1 Phys. Rev. E). We studied variational autoengoders and autonomous AI (two papers). We work intensively on dissemination projects, where quantum processes from O1 and O2 are “translated” into sounds, in the form of sounds, or better to say contemporary music (several papers in books and preceedings in 2024 and 2025); O4 Quantum machine learning for quantum simulators: We have published 21 papers (review in Rep. Prog. Phys.,1 Nature Comm., 5 Phys. Rev. Lett., seminal 1 Quantum, 1 New J. Phys., 3 ML: Sci. Tech., J. Stat. Phys., SciPost Phys., 2 Phys. Rev. B, 2 Phys. Rev. Res., 2 J. Phys. A, Biophys. J., ), in which we have developed various methods of ML to study QS.Two papers (one in Phys. Rev. Res. A and one submitted) were devoted to quantum tomography ehanced by ML. We applied ML for studies of many-body dynamics, with focus on disordered systems and QS of many-body localization.
As the published and in print papers prove, we conducted research on the highest international level. The fact that results were published in such top journals proves that what we do clearly goes beyond the state of art. We are clearly opening a new epoque in AS where QED effects play an important, if not dominant role.
Within NOQIA we have pioneered several new areas:
• Quantum Simulators of AS with ultracild atoms
• Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum Optics of AS ot generate massively quantum states, com bi ic ASwith Quantum Information Science and Quantum Technolegies
• QS of quantum spin-glass systems and quantum neural network models
• ML applications for quantum many-body systems, QS, and classical complex systems
Within NOQIA we have pioneered several new areas:
• Quantum Simulators of AS with ultracild atoms
• Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum Optics of AS ot generate massively quantum states, com bi ic ASwith Quantum Information Science and Quantum Technolegies
• QS of quantum spin-glass systems and quantum neural network models
• ML applications for quantum many-body systems, QS, and classical complex systems