Description du projet
Évaluer les mécanismes de protection des plantes contre la perte d’oxygène et les invasions de toxines
Certaines plantes survivent dans les sols inondés des environnements soumis aux marées, où la disponibilité de l’oxygène est intrinsèquement faible, grâce aux espaces internes de leurs tissus emplis de gaz. Cependant, ces sols contiennent également des substances nocives pour les plantes, comme le sulfure, une puissante phytotoxine. Le projet ROLLBAR, financé par l’UE, fera la lumière sur le rôle concret de la perte radiale d’oxygène (ROL) des racines et d’une barrière ROL des racines dans la protection de ces dernières contre l’intrusion de phytotoxines dans les tissus végétaux. L’aspect innovant de ROLLBAR réside dans l’utilisation d’une technologie avancée pour mesurer l’oxygène et les sulfures à l’interface racine-rhizosphère des principales espèces.
Objectif
ROLLBAR focuses on the role of two contrasting strategies against sulfide toxicity of saltmarsh plant species: i) root radial oxygen loss (ROL) and ii) formation of a root barrier to ROL. Plants inhabiting tidal environments with frequent floods possess internal gas-filled spaces in their tissues (aerenchyma), facilitating oxygen (O2) diffusion from shoot to roots. This trait enables tolerance to the inherently low O2 availability in flooded soils. Such soils show high levels of reduced compounds harmful for plants, amongst which sulfide is a potent phytotoxin. The role of ROL and a root ROL barrier in flood tolerance is widely recognised whereas the function of these traits in protecting roots from phytotoxin intrusion in plant tissues is still controversial. The ROLLBAR project aims to shed light on this topic. O2 escapes from roots via ROL and oxidises the rhizosphere; sulfides are chemically oxidised to sulfate and reduced iron [Fe(II)] is oxidised to Fe(III), which can precipitate on root surfaces as iron minerals called iron plaques. Both ROL and iron plaques can protect plants from sulfide intrusion. When the root ROL barrier (suberin depositions in the outer cell layer) is developed, oxidation of sulfides occurs inside roots, as a result of the better O2 status further enhanced by photosynthesis in light. The ROL barrier could impede sulfide intrusion acting as a shield, although there is no experimental evidence to support this function. The project aims to address three major scientific questions: i) which chemical compounds trigger the formation of a root barrier to ROL? ii) can the ROL barrier prevent sulfide intrusion into roots? and iii) can ROL and iron plaques reduce sulfide intrusion into roots? The novelty of the project relies on obtaining direct measurements of O2 and sulfides at the root-rhizosphere interface of key species using advanced contemporary technology such as microsensors, root-sleeving electrodes and planar optodes.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF-EF-ST - Standard EFCoordinateur
1165 Kobenhavn
Danemark