Periodic Reporting for period 2 - GISCAD-OV (Galileo Improved Services for Cadastral Augmentation Development On-field Validation)
Reporting period: 2021-06-01 to 2023-05-31
GNSS measurements are largely used in cadastral surveying and mapping. GNSS features’ appeal vs. the conventional methods and techniques are well known and widely applied. Nevertheless, cadastral surveying operations based on GNSS are limited by several factors such as:
• cost of the augmentation services (e.g. number of reference stations to be installed, maintenance costs, software licensing),
• cost of professional GNSS receivers,
• not easy-to-use services and
• lack of customer care and supporting services
The main scope of GISCAD-OV is therefore to design, develop and validate an innovative and cost-effective High Accuracy Service for cadastral surveying applications, based on GPS + Galileo High Accuracy Services (HAS) and Precise Point Positioning-Ambiguity Resolution quick convergence (PPP-AR) advanced techniques.
Additionally, GISCAD-OV aims at exploiting the new business opportunities that will rise in the cadastral land surveying, through the availability of the differentiation introduced by Galileo HAS correction services
GISCAD-OV includes the whole value chain of the cadastral sector counting National mapping and cadastral agencies (NMCAs), professional cadastral surveyors, manufacturers, local operators service providers, academia and research centers.
• cost of the augmentation services (e.g. number of reference stations to be installed, maintenance costs, software licensing),
• cost of professional GNSS receivers,
• not easy-to-use services and
• lack of customer care and supporting services
The main scope of GISCAD-OV is therefore to design, develop and validate an innovative and cost-effective High Accuracy Service for cadastral surveying applications, based on GPS + Galileo High Accuracy Services (HAS) and Precise Point Positioning-Ambiguity Resolution quick convergence (PPP-AR) advanced techniques.
Additionally, GISCAD-OV aims at exploiting the new business opportunities that will rise in the cadastral land surveying, through the availability of the differentiation introduced by Galileo HAS correction services
GISCAD-OV includes the whole value chain of the cadastral sector counting National mapping and cadastral agencies (NMCAs), professional cadastral surveyors, manufacturers, local operators service providers, academia and research centers.
After 42 months of activities, the project has reached all the targeted objectives, namely: The development of a cost-efficient high accuracy service development architecture for cadastral applications. This included (i) a thorough analysis of current high accuracy service and systems, together with a (ii) survey of the present cadastral surveying operative costs, (iii) the design of the GISCAD-OV high accuracy service based on the Galileo HAS and the implementation of a test plan for the GISCAD-OV solution. The implementation of an extensive on the field-testing campaign carried out in seven European countries for the GISCAD-OV solution, based on PPP-RTK and Galileo HAS services for cadastral applications. Validation of the results carried out by the GISCAD-OV Consortium which includes the value chain main players from the scientific (through University and Augmentation Software Developer analysis) and operational (from NMCAs and professional surveyors) point of view. The standardization of cadastral surveying procedures including (i) GNSS mapping for cadaster, (ii) GNSS augmentation data format, (iii) drafting of preliminary cadastral procedures and (iv) processing standards. The development of a reduced cost infrastructural monitoring system based on the GISCAD-OV solution on a simulated scenario and the relevant validation on a real bridge monitoring scenario. The drafting of a business plan (see D7.5) update based on the feedbacks coming from the User Requirements and the Pilot Projects. The BP update included a review of the augmentation service prices in the seven Pilot Projects countries, together with a review of the penetration rate and an updated snapshot of the addressable market for each of the seven Pilot Project countries. Finally, a preliminary business model has been defined, and an updated cost and revenue mechanisms and EBITDA analysis has been also carried out, based on a specific pricing model for each of the 7 Pilot Projects Countries
GISCAD-OV developed an integrated Service Chain Architecture based on PPP-RTK and Galileo HAS for providing innovative affordable services for Cadastral Surveying and Infrastructural Monitoring. An extensive, Real-Time Testing Campaign on seven Countries has been carried out in order to validate the proposed SSR approaches in operative surveying scenarios. Hundreds of Cadastral Surveying was carried out following single NMCA rules. An Augmentation System was developed, creating a network of more than 120 Reference Station over the 7 Countries. A GNSS surveying receiver was designed and developed:
A low-cost GNSS COTS receiver, able to provide at least double frequency real-time code and phase measurements and to decode Galileo HAS on E6B in real-time
A GISCAD-OV PPP Client App, able to guarantee backward compatibility, converting any SSR message to OSR messages to be provided to the receiver or to apply HAS corrections to raw measurements for deriving PPP-like solutions
A GISCAD-OV Result Adapter, able to transform NMEA GGA and GBS (or proprietary format) sentences to Cadastral Point survey output to be inserted into the Cadastral elaborate
Comparable performance is achieved through the global, local, and mixed products, as all three solutions achieve centimeter-level positioning instantaneously.
In case of the absence of precise atmospheric corrections, the global solution relies on the use of many frequency (up to four) on many constellations (four) to achieve NRTK-like performance. T
Furthermore, for the first time a mixed solution (e.g. orbit and clock corrections from one source and ionospheric and tropospheric corrections from another) has been designed and demonstrated the possibility of deriving a solution from different sources. This has a relevant impact in national boundaries.
The Galileo HAS solution is able to achieve sub-two decimeter accuracy within 6 minutes in nominal conditions. The HAS performance has been assessed with test signals, and with only Galileo and GPS orbit, clock, and code bias corrections. It is expected that the availability of phase bias corrections in the future can further reduce the convergence time by allowing for ambiguity resolution. Integrity monitoring and Galileo HAS carried out an extensive analysis for PPP-RTK multiconstellation solutions in several situations. The Cadastral Survey carried out during Pilot Projects revealed that GISCAD-OV services can be applied to different operations:
GISCAD-OV SL3 (e.g. PPP-RTK) meets NMCA requirements in most of the Countries and allows a quick convergence for Cadastral Survey operations.
GISCAD-OV SL2 (e.g. PPP-AR) has not been tested, being comparable to PPP-RTK solution with a longer convergence time.
GISCAD-OV SL1 (e.g. Galileo HAS) is considered useful only for surveys in remote areas and in absence of communication link. The impact of multipath and shadowing on the final performances has been recognized as relevant. Furthermore, Galileo HAS can be used as an Integrity monitoring tool backup for corrections validation and integrity monitoring.
Concerning the Infrastructural Monitoring, the carried out analysis demonstrated how GISCAD-OV SSR services can be applied for reducing the number of accelerometers to be installed and provide a more affordable tool. Through a real operative validation on a bridge, with three GISCAD-OV terminals operating at 50 Hz, load peaks on the road due to the passage of heavy trucks have been recognized in real-time. An analysis of the impact of RTCM SC-104 for the development of GISCAD-OV solution was carried out. Integrity Monitoring messages, derived and updated from RTCM SC-134 draft, has was used for implementing external Integrity Monitoring Service Providers has been developed. Furthermore, Open SSR standard (e.g. SSRZ) are used for implementing a full PPP-RTK solution, waiting for the full RTCM SC-104 SSR standard. Furthermore, a survey model has been derived and proposed to ISO 19152, the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM).
The Business Models has been drafted, based on the feedback of all the Value Chain stakeholders, An analysis Country by Country has been carried out-
A low-cost GNSS COTS receiver, able to provide at least double frequency real-time code and phase measurements and to decode Galileo HAS on E6B in real-time
A GISCAD-OV PPP Client App, able to guarantee backward compatibility, converting any SSR message to OSR messages to be provided to the receiver or to apply HAS corrections to raw measurements for deriving PPP-like solutions
A GISCAD-OV Result Adapter, able to transform NMEA GGA and GBS (or proprietary format) sentences to Cadastral Point survey output to be inserted into the Cadastral elaborate
Comparable performance is achieved through the global, local, and mixed products, as all three solutions achieve centimeter-level positioning instantaneously.
In case of the absence of precise atmospheric corrections, the global solution relies on the use of many frequency (up to four) on many constellations (four) to achieve NRTK-like performance. T
Furthermore, for the first time a mixed solution (e.g. orbit and clock corrections from one source and ionospheric and tropospheric corrections from another) has been designed and demonstrated the possibility of deriving a solution from different sources. This has a relevant impact in national boundaries.
The Galileo HAS solution is able to achieve sub-two decimeter accuracy within 6 minutes in nominal conditions. The HAS performance has been assessed with test signals, and with only Galileo and GPS orbit, clock, and code bias corrections. It is expected that the availability of phase bias corrections in the future can further reduce the convergence time by allowing for ambiguity resolution. Integrity monitoring and Galileo HAS carried out an extensive analysis for PPP-RTK multiconstellation solutions in several situations. The Cadastral Survey carried out during Pilot Projects revealed that GISCAD-OV services can be applied to different operations:
GISCAD-OV SL3 (e.g. PPP-RTK) meets NMCA requirements in most of the Countries and allows a quick convergence for Cadastral Survey operations.
GISCAD-OV SL2 (e.g. PPP-AR) has not been tested, being comparable to PPP-RTK solution with a longer convergence time.
GISCAD-OV SL1 (e.g. Galileo HAS) is considered useful only for surveys in remote areas and in absence of communication link. The impact of multipath and shadowing on the final performances has been recognized as relevant. Furthermore, Galileo HAS can be used as an Integrity monitoring tool backup for corrections validation and integrity monitoring.
Concerning the Infrastructural Monitoring, the carried out analysis demonstrated how GISCAD-OV SSR services can be applied for reducing the number of accelerometers to be installed and provide a more affordable tool. Through a real operative validation on a bridge, with three GISCAD-OV terminals operating at 50 Hz, load peaks on the road due to the passage of heavy trucks have been recognized in real-time. An analysis of the impact of RTCM SC-104 for the development of GISCAD-OV solution was carried out. Integrity Monitoring messages, derived and updated from RTCM SC-134 draft, has was used for implementing external Integrity Monitoring Service Providers has been developed. Furthermore, Open SSR standard (e.g. SSRZ) are used for implementing a full PPP-RTK solution, waiting for the full RTCM SC-104 SSR standard. Furthermore, a survey model has been derived and proposed to ISO 19152, the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM).
The Business Models has been drafted, based on the feedback of all the Value Chain stakeholders, An analysis Country by Country has been carried out-