The work performed in the project is:
In WP1, selected scenarios for the project were described, including technology definition for the Dynamic Virtual Power Plant-DVPP and the rest of the system. The proposed scenarios were used to prepare simulation models for the whole project. Next, the requirements and services for existing and future power systems were addressed. Finally, a new methodology for VSC role assignment in modern power systems was developed.
In WP2, the underlying renewable-energy power plant (RPP) models of the overall DVPP systems have been developed so far. A general physical description of each RPP type is used for high flexibility and practical applicability. In detail, PV and wind power plants, biogas plants, solar thermal plants (with the support of the industrial partner CIEMAT), and hydropower plants were modeled. The DVPP power plant is composed of this mix of generators. The developed models were tested on several scenarios including changing the reference variables active and reactive power, disturbance variables (solar irradiation, wind speed…).
In WP3, advancement has been achieved in three main directions. First, centralized vs centralized with distributed implementation of the control of the DVPP generators for ancillary service, robustness and resilience was studied. For this, the control of renewable generators connected to the grid via power electronics has been revisited by abondonating several hypothesis and proposing new robust controls based and fuzzy control for local (generator level) control with coordination between the DVPP generators. Next, controls for both secondary voltage and frequency controls were developed. Finally, a study of the interaction of the DVPP generator with other neighbor dynamic elements of the grid was proposed.
In WP4, the problem of developing decentralized control methodologies for DVPPs was addressed. To do so, a decentralized control design method composed of two steps was proposed: i) disaggregating the desired dynamic behavior among the individual devices, and (ii) local model matching for each individual device. In addition, extensions of the initial control design method towards a grid-forming signal causality was developed, as well as spatially distributed device arrangements. The problem of redefining stability and proposing methodologies for analysis was also investigated. The concept of “complex-frequency synchronization” was defined to analyze the stability of power systems when considering P/θ and Q/V coupling on the power networks.
In WP5, a novel DVPP planning model, composed of exclusively Renewable Energy Sources-RESs (including hydro, wind, solar PV, solar thermal and biomass), and flexible demands, was developed. The model considers the optimal configuration and operation of the DVPP for different business cases. It was demonstrated that, by appropriately combining the features and efforts from RESs of different nature that are currently installed and operating in a power system, one can achieve higher economical and operational benefits than other solutions that imply the installation of large electrochemical (battery) energy storage systems (BESSs).
