Description du projet
Accès et partage des avantages: une étude de cas indienne
Le Protocole de Nagoya sur l’accès et le partage des avantages (APA) vise à encourager le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources génétiques. Le projet MBABS, financé par l’UE, explorera l’accord APA et son impact sur les agriculteurs, les cultivateurs et les femmes des zones rurales en Inde en ce qui concerne les plantes médicinales et aromatiques exploitées par les entreprises. Le projet se concentrera d’abord sur les facteurs qui déterminent l’attribution des avantages. Il analysera dans un second temps l’impact à court et à long terme de l’APA sur les communautés locales, les conditions socio-économiques, le statut social, la rétention des connaissances traditionnelles et la durabilité des ressources. Il explorera enfin le rôle des femmes dans l’APA, considérant qu’il s’agit d’un domaine dominé par les hommes. À terme, les résultats du projet seront utilisés à l’attention d’autres pays, comme le Maroc.
Objectif
Many countries worldwide have ratified the Access to Benefit Sharing (ABS) of the Nagoya Protocol under the convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The ABS ultimately seeks to fulfil the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The ABS encourages opportunities to exploit genetic resources, so that benefits can be shared equally and fairly between knowledge holders and industrial companies. India has since the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992 granted over 1500 ABS applications; however the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has signed only 100 ABS agreements. While the ABS seem to pave the way forward to a win-win situation between the local communities and industrial companies, little is known of the impacts on local communities. The study will explore the ABS at a micro level for medicinal and aromatic plants exploited by corporations and their impact on the farmers, growers, and rural women. It will analyse 1) the factors that determine the attribution of benefits, 2) the short, long term impact of ABS on local communities, socio-economic conditions, social status, the retention of traditional knowledge, and resource sustainability, 3) and whether women access the ABS in a context mostly controlled by male panchayat. The results will influence other entrepreneurial models beyond the Indian case study, such as the cooperative model in Morocco which still struggles to implement the ABS and other European contexts where the ABS application remains unclear. The research will contribute to the current debate of the Access of Benefit Sharing, and its impacts at a local level. The Fellowship will deliver three publications, public outreach materials to avail this new field of enquiry to a wider academic and non-academic audience to resolve issues of social exclusion. It will open up perspectives of employment for the researcher in a European academic institution or a policy research institute.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
1649 026 Lisboa
Portugal