Welds in many products are subject to ultrasonic inspection both during manufacture and in service. This imposes strict requirements on the condition of the surfaces over which the probes scan. The cost of preparing the welds to meet these requirements can be high. The inspections themselves can be time consuming and therefore expensive to perform.
The aim of this project was to reduce these costs by developing and demonstrating ultrasonic methods which are faster and more tolerant of the presence of the weld cap and surface roughness and to develop complementary electromagnetic methods to compensate for limitations. Novel weld deposition techniques which improve this tolerance were also developed. In order to improve the capabilities of the basic techniques for detection and discrimination, software algorithms were designed and implemented to improve defect detection, characterisation and imaging.