Objective
To establish in a small village of 175 buildings, a low temperature (75/35 deg.C) district heating system utilizing a pipe insulation material containing Freon 11 ( in order to minimize oxygen diffusion) and local energy sources such as straw. A reduction in construction costs of up to 30% is expected and a decrease in comparable oil consumption. Payback is estimated at 8 years. Average annual profit resulting from energy saved of at least DKr 420,000 is required over the first two years of operation if the project is to be judged successful.
The measuring and demonstration phase started early in 1987. At present, 140 consumers are connected to the heat distribution network.
One innovatory aspect of the project lies in the plastic piping used : this differs from other plastic piping in :
* construction
* material composition
* dimension
* transport (rolling-up technique)
* laying technique
The most commonly used plastic district heating pipe for connection to houses has been in dimensions of up to DN 28. In this project road pipes of up to DN 110 will be used. This new pipe offers the following advantages :
* improved resistance to environmental stress: polyethylene cover makes it easier to transport and lay
* although the outer diameter is smaller than that of Lohja pipes, insulation properties are maintained by the use of polyurethene foam (PUR) closed cell type containing inactive Freon 11
* oxygen diffusion is reduced by the use of polyethylene pipe covering and of Freon 11 as insulation
Plastic piping of up to 40 mm dia. will be delivered in 50 - 100 m rolls. Piping of this length will reduce the number of fittings and decrease the likelyhood ofleaks. Piping of 50 - 110 mm will be delivered as 'hair-pins' of 30 - 35 m. No special pipe laying or handling equipment will be necessary.
Two methods of pipe assembly will be used : one using metal clamp joint fittings, the other, welding fittings and mirror welding.
System heat (90% of annual heat requirement) will be provided by a straw fired 1MW furnace. A gas-oil 1.6 MW furnace will be used as a reserve and for peak load coverage. Low temperature distribution will protect the plastic pipe material, reducing the possibility of oxygen diffusion.
Innovatory aspects of the straw fired furnace are :
* feeding technique
* combustion grate furnace design
* flue gas cleaning
* furnace modulation
The improved feeding of straw to the furnace by means of a metering bin ensures improved modulation and constant supply temperature.
The zone divided step grate provides the exact layer of thickness corresponding to the combustion phase on each individual grate, and maximum ash cooling. Themulticyclone principle flue gas cleaning system includes the addition of water to flue gas, achieving a mass increase both in flue gas and particle precipitation. The innovatory technique used to feed the furnace makes use of a metering bin : this receives straw from a slow speed crusher. Level sensors in the bin control the crusher and the crane transporting straw bales into the crusher. Furnace feeding is controlled by temperature sensors in the boiler water (which reflect actual heat requirement). The stocker worm screw feeding the furnace is adjustable in terms of rotation and is controlled by temperature sensors. This new system, by ensuring improved feeding of the inserted quantity of straw improves both modulation and constant supply temperature.
The project is to be implemented in 4 phases beginning 9/11/85 and ending September 1988, at a total cost of DKr 10,817,000.
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Coordinator
4800 NYKOBING
Denmark
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