Objective
THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP A SIMULATOR TO MODEL FORMATION DAMAGE AND THE SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION OF REMEDIAL ACIDISATION TREATMENTS.
Research was carried out into mechanisms involved in acidization treatments and a computer simulator was constructed which was capable of predicting the outcome of certain, specified acid treatments. The simulator can be used (in conjunction with field specific experimental work) as a tool to improve and optimize the design of such treatments.
Initially a general theoretical model of particle migration and matrix acidization was developed. A large matrix of experiments investigating the dissolution of 2 clays (kaolinite and bentonite), in acid systems has been performed and data has been obtained on both dissolution and precipitation reactions. The physicochemical parameters necessary for the onset of precipitation reactions during clay dissolution have been quantified for the bulk solution environment. They were found to be dependent on total ionic strength of the acid solution, but independent of solid phase mineralogy, dissolved ion species, and acid strength.
Thechemical nature of the precipitate was independent of solid mineralogy and acid formulation, such that the solid deposited was always silica in the experiments performed.
The dissolution of clay was found to consist of an initial rapid dissolution stage, probably involving the leaching of cations from surface exchange sites followed by a slower dissolution stage in which the complete clay structure was attacked.
A further series of experiments on the initial dissolution of kaolinite by mixed hydrogen chloride hydrogen fluoride acid quantified the parameters necessary to describe the reaction rate as a function of temperature, solid surface area hydrogen chloride concentration and hydrogen fluoride concentration. Similar parameters were quantified for biotite, orthoclase, calcite and chlorite.
An experimental technique was developed that permitted the examination of particle trapping mechanisms in porous media in real time. Preliminary data supported a commonly used empirical relationship between p ermeability and particle size retained in the pores.
A more specific model was developed of acid stimulation treatments. This model takes no account of precipitation and particle migration, but uses an improved model of the chemistry of acidization. Reaction rate data is not required to be measured experimentally for each mineralogical composition that may be considered, but only general reaction rate data obtained for each mineral type is used. The model of acidization has been extensively validated numerically in linear and radical flow regimes.
Experimental data obtained from core flooding tests indicate that the simulator is capable of qualitatively modelling acid stimulation treatments in the absence of precipitation reactions.
BULK AND ROCK MATRIX MEASUREMENTS WILL BE MADE TO CHARACTERIZE THE CHEMICAL CONDITIONS CONTROLLING DISSOLUTION AND PRECIPITATION IN HC1/HF ACID SYSTEMS IN CONTACT WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE, SILICA AND SELECTED CLAYS. THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSED SURFACE AREA AND DIFFUSION ON DISSOLUTION RATES, AND THE INFLUENCE OF ACIDISATION ON ROCK PERMEABILITY WILL BE STUDIED. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THESE PROCESSES WILL BE COMBINED IN A SIMULATOR, MODELLING TRANSPORT IN 3-DIMENSIONAL HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA. ACIDISATION COREFLOODS WILL BE PERFORMED, FULL EFFLUENT ANALYSIS, TOGETHER WITH THE EXAMINATION OF CORE SECTIONS WITH AUTORADIOGRAPHY AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, WILL BE USED TO COMPARE WITH THE PREDICTIONS OF THE SIMULATOR. THE SIMULATOR WILL BE USED TO DESIGN OPTIMISED ACID TREATMENTS, TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROCESS, AND TO SPECIFY THE REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL TREATMENT INVOLVING IN-SITU ACID PRODUCTION, RETARDANTS AND DIVERTERS, TO BE SUCCESSFUL.
TECHNIQUES TO PREPARE PARTICULATE MATERIAL OF WELL DEFINED SIZE RANGES AND TO PERFORM PARTICLE NUMBER AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS WILL BE DEVELOPED. CORE FLOODS WILL BE USED TO ASSESS THE TRAPPING OF PARTICULATES UNDER VARYING FLOW AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS, AND THE CORRESPONDING PERMEABILITY DAMAGE. THEORETICAL MODELS OF THE SURFACE FORCES CONTROLLING TRAPPING AND RELEASE OF PARTICULATES BEYOND THE MUDCAKE WILL BE DEVELOPED IN CONJUNCTION WITH SURFACE CHARGE MEASUREMENTS OF DRILLING MUD PARTICULATES AND NATIVE CLAY PARTICLES.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- natural sciences chemical sciences inorganic chemistry inorganic compounds
- natural sciences chemical sciences inorganic chemistry alkaline earth metals
- natural sciences physical sciences optics microscopy electron microscopy
- natural sciences earth and related environmental sciences geology mineralogy
- natural sciences mathematics applied mathematics mathematical model
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Coordinator
DT2 8DH Dorchester
United Kingdom
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