Objective
THE AIM OF THE PROJECT IS TO ESTABLISH AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE SEISMIC TOOL IN HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION FOR DEEP-SEATED CARBONATE-RESERVOIRS. THE STUDY WILL ENCOMPASS SEISMIC MODELLING ON A DATABASE PRIMARILY COMPRISING WELL INFORMATION OF DIAGENETICALLY ALTERED ZECHSTEIN CARBONATES. THE RESPONSE OF "SYNTHETIC SONIC LOGS" TO VARIATIONS IN LAYER THICKNESS AND POROSITY WILL BE ANALYSED.
The study has focused on a combination of 2-dimensional forward and inverse seismic modelling on 2 specific carbonate settings from the Danish subsurface, both being active exploration targets.
The modelling approach used in the study incorporated a great number of important sequences derived from a preexisting geological model. The sequences may be both above and below the resolution limit.
From the Zechstein case study it was found that even thin sequences down to about 5 m should be included in the model, because they may influence the seismic response. The synthetic section derived from the acoustic impedance model overall reproduced the response in the seismic section and the geological model interpreted from the acoustic impedance model fitted into normal evaporite cycles, and has a satisfactory correlation with the Loegumkloster-1 well. The porous middle part of the Zechstein carbonate can be distinguished from the Zechstein salt by tracing the anhydrite tight carbonate sequence in between the two. Also, the inversion method used reproduced 67% of the energy in the seismic section. 8 sequences may be extracted by the inversion from the Zechstein interval with fairly good confidence and the critical Zechstein anhydrite can be traced partly on the model.
The 2-dimensional modelling of the Chalk Group incorporating as many as 26 sequences has shown that the synthetic section derived from the acoustic impedance model reproduces all significant parts of the seismic section. The geological model derived from the acoustic impedance model appeared reliable as long as the overall impedance values are increasing downwards. The hydrocarbon bearing sequence in the Adda-1 well can be modelled geologically and the acoustic impedance contrasts found in the chalk group are close to the lower limit of what is required for detailed modelling. Also, the importance of a correct wavelet increased with deteriorating definition of acoustic impedance contrasts and sequence th icknesses. It has been possible to model sequences down to a thickness of 10 m and determine the locations where many thin sequences terminate. (This is difficult from the seismic section alone).
It is concluded that this seismic detection limit found is dependent on the specific geological setting and the amount of knowledge and constraints which can be put into the geological input model.
THE OBJECTIVE IS TO SQUEEZE THE LAST INFORMATION OUT OF CONVENTIONAL MULTICHANNEL REFLECTION SEISMIC DATA. MODELLING WILL BE PERFORMED ON DATA FROM TWO GEOLOGICALLY WELL DESCRIBED CARBONATE SETTINGS:
1. ZECHSTEIN CARBONATES INTERBEDDED EVAPORITES ALONG THE FLANK OF THE NW EUROPEAN PERMIAN BASIN.
2. UPPER CRETACEOUS/LOWER TERTIARY CHALK GROUP OF THE NORTH SEA.
CARBONATE RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS FROM BOTH SETTINGS ARE KNOWN TO VARY CONSIDERABLY WITHIN SHORT DISTANCES AND THE DIRECT SEISMIC RESOLUTION LIMIT IS USUALLY ABOVE 20 M. THE WORK WILL BE CARRIED OUT IN A NUMBER OF PHASES.
- BASED ON WELL DATA (WELL LOGS CALIBRATED WITH MEASUREMENTS ON CORE MATERIAL) THE RANGES OF ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCES WILL BE WORKED OUT FOR VARIOUS LITHOLOGIES AND LITHOLOGY COMBINATIONS TO BE USED AS INPUT IN FORWARD MODELLING.
- TRACE ANALYSES ON 3-6 SELECTED SEISMIC SURVEYS TO ESTIMATE THE RESIDUAL WAVELET WILL BE CARRIED OUT.
- FORWARD MODELLING WILL INCLUDE GENERATION OF A SERIES OF SYNTHETIC SEISMIC RESPONSES FOR THE MOST REALISTIC 2-D GEOLOGIC MODELS OF THE TWO SETTINGS USING VARIOUS WAVE-FORMS AND DOMINANT FREQUENCES. SPECIAL EFFORTS WILL BE ATTACHED TO ENLIGHTEN PROBLEMS OF EQUIVALENCE.
- FINALLY ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE LOGS WILL BE GENERATED USING INVERSE MODELLING TECHNIQUES ON SELECTED SEISMIC DATA FROM THE STUDY AREA.
IN THE INTERPRETATION PHASE THE RESULTS FROM THE FORWARD AND INVERSE MODELLING WILL BE COMPARED. THIS IS EXPECTED TO LEAD TO 1) A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE SEISMIC DETECTION AND MAPPING LIMITS FOR THE TWO-DEEP-SEATED CARBONATE SETTINGS 2) BETTER EXPERIENCES OF THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE NEW MODELLING TECHNIQUES.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- natural sciences earth and related environmental sciences geology lithology
- natural sciences computer and information sciences databases
- natural sciences chemical sciences inorganic chemistry inorganic compounds
- natural sciences chemical sciences organic chemistry hydrocarbons
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Coordinator
2400 København NV
Denmark
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